马铃薯甲虫的药剂防治

马铃薯甲虫的药剂防治魏鸿钧，黄文琴（中国农业科学院植物保护研究所１０００９４）马铃薯甲虫Ｌｅｐｌｉｎｏｔａｒｓａｄｅｃｅｍｌｉｎｅａｔａ（Ｓａｙ）属鞘翅目、叶甲科，英名为：Ｃｏｌｏｒａｄｏｐｏｔａｔｏｂｅｅｔｌｅ或Ｃｏｌｏｒａｄｏｂｅｅｔｌｅ是世界著...     

不同药剂组合对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果

在马铃著不同生育时期选用不同药剂进行组配,对马铃薯晚疫病进行防治试验。选择6种药剂品种,12种组配方案,筛选出防治马铃薯晚疫病的最佳药剂及组配方,以指导大田生产。试验表明,马铃薯晚疫病常发区要防治3次以上,前期使用保护剂,后期用治疗剂,效果较为理想。     

马铃薯甲虫在苏联的分布及检疫

马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decemilineata(Say)是国际检疫对象,也是我国对外检疫对象。苏联1986年报道,在与我国黑龙江省一江之隔的苏联阿穆尔州一农场,1982年曾发生马铃薯甲虫,并用农药进行了防治。对此,我国十分重视。现将马铃薯甲虫在苏联的情况介绍于后供参考。一、苏联当前马铃薯甲虫的分布区据苏联1986年发表的资料,苏联当前马铃薯甲虫的分布分为3个,与1981年发表的分布区稍有变动。1986年发表的苏联     

球孢白僵菌可湿性粉剂对马铃薯甲虫的防治效果

从受感染的马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decemlineata（Say）分离出菌株1513,经鉴定为球孢白僵菌Beauveriabassiana（菌种保藏号为ACCC32222）。为了评价其对马铃薯甲虫的防治潜力,本研究测定了不同浓度白僵菌对不同龄期马铃薯甲虫幼虫的毒力作用。结果表明,在室温条件下（22～28℃）,处理9 d时1～2龄幼虫的僵虫率与孢子浓度成正比,其LC50为3.09×107孢子mL 1;处理8 d时,对3～4龄幼虫的LC50为9.92×107孢子mL 1;而孢子浓度为1×107孢子mL 1时,虫卵未受到明显的抑制。田间施菌2250 g hm 2时,在新疆新源县的防治效果较好,18 d时98.87%的虫体落地,地表僵虫率为53.91%;而在新疆尼勒克县,仅在土壤中发现僵虫,僵虫率为19.61%。     

国外马铃薯甲虫发生危害与防治概况

国外马铃薯甲虫发生危害与防治概况赵建周（中国农科院植物保护研究所北京１０００９４）马铃薯甲虫［Ｌｅｐｔｉｎｏｔａｒｓａｄｅｃｅｍｌｉｎｅａｔａ（Ｓａｙ）］是世界著名的毁灭性检疫害虫之一，对马铃薯为害最重，还可传播病害。为使国内同行对该虫有一初步了解，...     

不同药剂组合对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果

以马铃薯晚疫病感病品种费乌瑞它为材料,每667m2用68.75%氟吡菌胺·霜霉威悬浮剂75mL+70%丙森锌可湿性粉剂150g组合、60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森联水分散粒剂40g+18.7%吡唑醚菌酯·烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂75g组合、70%代森联水分散粒剂100g+18.7%吡唑醚菌酯·烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂75g组合对马铃薯晚疫病进行田间试验。试验结果表明,每667m2用68.75%氟吡菌胺·霜霉威悬浮剂75mL+70%丙森锌可湿性粉剂150g组合对马铃薯晚疫病的防控效果较好。     

马铃薯甲虫的残体鉴定研究初报

1 前言要严防检疫对象传人,就需准确的鉴定技术,包括残体鉴定技术。什么是残体鉴定的可能条件呢?笔者认为:(1)弄清植物检疫害虫的分类地位,掌握足够文献并占有足够的实物标本,包括     

龙葵对马铃薯甲虫产卵的引诱作用

龙葵对马铃薯甲虫产卵的引诱作用赵博光（南京林业大学５４２３９２２）笔者于１９８５～１９８６年在美国犹他州立大学进行了一系列的马铃薯甲虫对不同植物的产卵选择试验，试验中发现马铃薯甲虫特别喜在龙葵ＳｏｌａｎｕｍｎｉｇｒｕｍＬ．上产卵，因而进一步进行了下列...     

马铃薯甲虫入侵宁夏的风险分析

参照国际上有害生物风险分析方法,从定性分析和定量分析相结合对马铃薯甲虫在宁夏的风险性进行了综合评价。通过分析,马铃薯甲虫在宁夏具有大面积的适宜寄主、极强的适应性,且能造成巨大经济损失,其风险值R为2.22,因此确定马铃薯甲虫在宁夏属于高度危险性的有害生物,应采取多种措施,加强对其风险管理。     

马铃薯甲虫入侵贵州的风险分析

马铃薯甲虫是马铃薯等茄科作物上毁灭性的检疫性害虫。本文利用定性分析和定量分析相结合对马铃薯甲虫入侵贵州的风险进行了分析。结果表明,马铃薯甲虫在贵州具有大面积种植的寄主,入侵、定殖可能性大,风险管理难度大;其风险评估R值为2.23,在贵州为高度危险的有害生物。因此应加强检疫管理,以防止其传入和扩散蔓延。     

浅谈马铃薯甲虫的生物防治

马铃薯甲虫是重要的检疫性害虫,主要为害马铃薯等茄科作物茎叶。在我国新疆境内已发现该虫。马铃薯甲虫极易对各种化学杀虫剂产生抗药性。要在其扩散蔓延之前,寻求有效的控制手段,加强检疫,运用生物防治手段是首选。     

Selection for abamectin resistance in colorado potato beetle (coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

There was no difference in dose response to abamectin between a laboratory strain of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say))from North Carolina and a multiple resistant strain from Massachusetts (LD₅₀= 1.95 and 1.98 ng larva^?1, respectively). Two abamectin-resistant strains were generated by separate means. The mutagen, ethyl methanesulfonate, was used to generate an abamectin-resistant strain (LD₅₀= 29.4 ng larva^?1) from the susceptible laboratory strain. The other resistant strain (LD₅₀ = 45.3 ng larva^?1) was generated through an intense selection with abamectin of a field strain contained in cages set up in existing potato fields. Resistance ratios calculated from LD₅₀values for the two abamectin-resistant strains were 15-fold and 23-fold, respectively. Resistance ratios calculated from LD₉₇values (21-fold and 38-fold, respectively) were higher than those calculated at LD₅₀. Also, there were larvae in both resistant strains which were capable of surviving doses up to 100 ng larva^?1, while the susceptible strain had no survivors at 10 ng larva^?1. Although the logit mortality regression analysis produced statistically different lines for the two abamectin-resistant strains, the slopes of each appear to be the same. Both resistance factors were determined to be autosomal and incompletely recessive (0.26 to 0.4, respectively) via reciprocal F₁crosses to the susceptible laboratory strain.     

马铃薯甲虫自然种群抗寒能力测定

为明确马铃薯甲虫自然种群的抗寒性,利用热敏电阻测定仪对马铃薯甲虫不同虫态过冷却点和冰点进行了测定。结果表明:不同虫态过冷却点和冰点之间存在显著性差异,其中以卵和成虫的过冷却点最低,分别为:(-13.73±0.93)℃和(-7.89±0.07)℃,显著低于其他虫态。3龄幼虫的过冷却点和冰点最高,分别为:(-6.21±0.08)℃和(-2.80±0.08)℃;过冷却点由低到高顺序为:卵<成虫<1龄幼虫<蛹<4龄幼虫<2龄幼虫<3龄幼虫;冰点由低到高的顺序为:卵<1龄幼虫<成虫<2龄幼虫<蛹<4龄幼虫<3龄幼虫;同一虫态个体间的过冷却点频次分布出现不同程度的变异,但均服从正态分布。研究结果为制定马铃薯甲虫在我国潜在分布和风险分析提供了科学依据。     

5种药剂对入侵新害虫扶桑绵粉蚧的防治效果

扶桑绵粉蚧作为一种新的入侵害虫,具有潜在危害性,国内尚无科学的防控技术,为了科学防控此害虫,选择5种常用药剂进行防治效果研究,结果表明:40%劲克介EC、40%氧化乐果EC和48%乐斯本EC都是比较理想防治药剂。     

The effect of host plant on colorado potato beetle (coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) susceptibility to pyrethroid insecticides

In laboratory studies, Colorado potato beetle (CPB) (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) reared on eggplant were significantly more susceptible to permethrin than CPB reared on tomato. Field studies conducted in 1984 and 1985 showed that the percentage reduction of CPB larvae reared on eggplant due to foliar applications of fenvalerate was significantly greater than the percentage reduction of CPB larvae reared on either potato or tomato. Plant defoliation was greater on eggplant and potato than on tomato. Eggplant and potato yields increased as the dose of fenvalerate increased and the potato beetle population decreased, but tomato yields were unaffected by fenvalerate treatments. The effects and biological activity of individual plant chemical compounds (i.e., glvcoalkaloids) in various Solanum species need to be examined in detail before the full significance of the role of these compounds in host-plant resistance and their interaction with CPB insecticide resistance are understood.     

防治稻纵卷叶螟药剂筛选试验初报

选用20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC等6种药剂进行防治稻纵卷叶螟试验,结果表明：这6种药剂对水稻安全性好,对稻纵卷叶螟防治效果明显,不同药剂间防效相差较大。其中以20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC防治稻纵卷叶螟见效最快、效果最佳,药后3d、7d和15d防治效果分别达81.77%、92.82%和95.00%;其次是20%氟虫双酰胺SC,药后3d、7d和15d防效分别为80.17%、89.72%和91.12%。这2种药剂对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果极显著优于其它供试药剂,是当前值得推广应用防治稻纵卷叶螟的理想药剂。     

Efficacy evaluation of biological pesticides in the UK1

General principles of efficacy evaluation of plant protection products (both chemical and biological) in the UK registration system, under the Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986, are described. The UK perspective on efficacy evaluation of biological pesticides is discussed, highlighting differences and similarities between consideration of biological and chemical pesticides. Changes in efficacy evaluation of biological pesticides expected from implementation of the EU Directive 91/414/EEC are summarized.     

几种除草剂防除蔗田2种恶性杂草效果的试验

狗牙根[Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers]和筒轴茅(Rottboellia exaltata L. T.)是蔗田中较难防除的杂草,为害有逐年趋重之势,在一些蔗田中为害严重。为了探讨甲.灭.敌草隆等几种除草剂对这2种杂草的防除效果,笔者进行了田间试验。试验结果表明:甲.灭.敌草隆对狗牙根和筒轴茅2种杂草具有很好的防除效果,防效达94%以上。甲.灭.敌草隆具有防效好、安全、经济、使用方便的特点,建议使用甲.灭.敌草隆合剂防除蔗田内发生的狗牙根和筒轴茅2种杂草。经示范和推广使用,农户普遍反映除草效果非常好,值得大面积推广使用。     

The role of metabolic enzymes in insecticide-resistant colorado potato beetles

Several metabolic enzymes were assayed in susceptible and insecticide-resistant (R-mfo and R-AchE) strains of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say). We compared the activities of esterases, glutathione transferases and mixed function oxidases, and measured in-vivo metabolism of carbofuran to determine the contributions of metabolic factors to the observed resistance. There were no substantial differences between strains in α- or β-naphthylacetate hydrolysis, or in glutathione transferase activity. Compared to the susceptible strain, the R-mfo strain showed 4-fold higher activity in both ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase, and pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity. The R-AChE strain had a 1.5-fold higher level of ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity. Correspondingly, the in-vivo metabolism of carbofuran was highest in the R-mfo strain, and the R-AChE strain was slightly higher than the susceptible strain. These results are discussed in relation to other resistance mechanisms which we have examined in these strains.     

Insecticide resistance patterns among colorado potato beetle,leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: chrysomelidae), populations in north carolina

A residual bioassay was used to determine insecticide susceptibility in populations of Colarado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), in eastern North Carolina. Mean bioassay mortalities were subjected to correlation analysis to assess patterns of resistance among tested insecticides. Within insecticide classes, cross-resistance patterns were observed between carbaryl and carbofuran (carbamates), fenvalerate and permethrin (pyrethroids), and among azinphosmethyl, methamidophos, and phosmet (organophosphates). Significant associations between insecticides from different insecticide classes were concluded to be due to multiple resistance. Knowledge of multiple and cross-resistance patterns are discussed in relation to the bioassay as a tool for monitoring insecticide resistance.