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在温室内观察甘蔗开花动态,用TTC法测定甘蔗花粉活力,联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性。结果表明:花穗上小蠡花开放顺序,一般是自上而下,由外至内;ROC22和科五花粉活力于开花第1 天达到80%以上,第2 天有小幅度上升,之后迅速降低,第7 天仅采到少许花粉,但活力仍在32%左右。甘蔗雌蕊柱头开花前1天具有可授性,自交授粉后的1~2 d内保持强可授性,之后柱头迅速变黑枯萎;未授粉柱头花开后的9 d内一直保持靓丽的艳红色,具强可授性。柱头可授性的最佳时期为开花后第1~9 天,甘蔗的最佳授粉期为母本开花2 d后再授以父本花粉,4 d内即可完成杂交过程。 相似文献
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研究并确定防风花粉生活力及柱头可授性的快速有效测定方法。使用I2-KI、TCC、亚甲基蓝及无机盐培养法测定花粉活力。用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性。亚甲基蓝染色法最适于检测花粉活力,结果与无机盐观测法符合度高。防风刚开花时花粉活力不高,开花后第三天花粉活力最高,可达96%,第五天花粉活力开始下降,且下降幅度较大。防风开花2d后柱头分泌黏液,第3d分泌量最大,但此时柱头不具有可授性。待花药脱落后,柱头可授性逐渐增强,第6-8d达到最大值。亚甲基蓝染色法简便、快捷,适于防风花粉活力的观测。花药脱落后第6-8d柱头可授性最强。 相似文献
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花粉和柱头特性的研究是兰花杂交育种的重要基础。本研究以多花指甲兰(Aerides rosea)为实验材料,利用扫描电子显微镜观察多花指甲不同开花时期的花粉微观形态用TTC(氯化三苯基四氮唑)、I2-KI和醋酸洋红染液并结合花粉离体培养检测不同开花时期的花粉活力,利用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头的可授性。结果表明, 多花指甲兰花粉随着开花时间的延长,花粉表面颜色变深,质地更硬,花粉粒结合更加紧密,花粉团体积变小,表面变得更加平滑致密。 多花指甲兰花蕾期花粉染色为粉红色,盛花期的花粉染色最明显,染色率最高,而衰败期的花粉几乎无法被染色,在整个开花过程中,花粉活力呈先上升后下降的趋势。柱头可授性的结果显示,盛花期柱头气泡最多最迅速,可授性最强。该研究结果为多花指甲兰的引种栽培、迁地保护提供理论基础,在花卉资源利用和产业发展上具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
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棉花胞质不育恢复系花粉活力研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以具有哈克尼西棉胞质遗传背景的骨干胞质不育系与育性恢复系为亲本,配制3个杂交组合,以杂交结铃率为评价指标,研究了不同处理下胞质育性恢复系花粉和花后不同时间不育系柱头的活力差异。结果表明,2 ℃低温保存可有效延长恢复系花粉活力的保持时间,但在低温条件下恢复系花粉活力受到抑制,离体室温放置过夜、离体室温放置过夜加短时适当高温(35 ℃)处理均可显著提高恢复系花粉活力。不育系开花次日上午柱头活力显著下降,但仍有10%左右的成铃率。胞质不育三系杂交制种可改只上午授粉的传统杂交制种方式为全天授粉制种。 相似文献
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为了探究‘风味玫瑰’自然结果率偏低的原因,运用花部形态、花粉活力及柱头可授性测定、花粉-胚珠比(P/O)以及人工授粉试验相结合的方法,对‘风味玫瑰’生殖特性进行了初步研究.研究表明:(1)‘风味玫瑰’的花有两种类型,一种花柱高于雄蕊,另一种花柱萎缩,很短;(2)花粉活力持续3d,柱头可授性持续5d,主要访花昆虫为蜂类;(3)平均单花花粉量/单花胚珠数(P/O)值为(605.7±25.1);(4)人工异花授粉坐果率最高可达30.19%,自花授粉坐果率为7.8%,明显比异花授粉坐果率低,表明‘风味玫瑰’交配系统类型是兼性异交、需要传粉者.研究结果认为,传粉效率低是其自然结果率低的重要原因. 相似文献
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澳洲坚果开花授粉特性的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在试验基地观察澳洲坚果花的生长动态及访花者的访花规律;琼脂法测定澳洲坚果花粉的萌发率;联苯氨-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性。结果表明:柱头与花药之间的距离为(5.1±1)mm,开花后花粉堆积在柱头上;5个品种中D的花粉萌发率最高,为66%;开花前1天与开花第1天的花粉萌发率最高、花粉管长度最长,平均分别为63%和64.1μm;澳洲坚果的柱头可授期可达10d,最佳可授期是开花前1天和开花第1、2天。澳洲坚果访花昆虫在访花期有2个活动高峰期,即11:00~12:00和15:00~17:00,开放当天的花序和盛花期树上的访花者最多。访花者以膜翅目、双翅目昆虫为主。 相似文献
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采用花粉离体萌发法测定3种不同果壳类型油棕花粉在散粉后不同天数和一天内不同时间点的花粉活力,联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定不同花期及一天内不同时间点的柱头可授性。结果表明:3种类型油棕的花粉活力呈现先升高后下降的趋势,在散粉第1 d即具有活力,薄壳种、厚壳种和无壳种的花粉活力分别在散粉后第2、3、4 d达到最大值,随后下降;日变化特点:在同一开放状态下,除12:00和18:00时,3种类型油棕的花粉活力排序为:薄壳种>厚壳种>无壳种。柱头可授性的变化特点为:雌花开放的早期,具有较弱的柱头可授性,薄壳种和无壳种在第Ⅲ期可授性最强,第Ⅳ期开始减弱,厚壳种则是在第Ⅳ期达最强,柱头的可授性日变化排序为:8:00~10:00,无壳种>薄壳种>厚壳种,12:00~18:00则是厚壳种>薄壳种>无壳种。综上可知,3种果壳类型油棕的花粉应于散粉后的第2~4 d采集;无壳种和薄壳种的雌花在开花后第Ⅲ期的10:00授粉效果最佳,厚壳种则是开花后第Ⅳ期的16:00授粉效果最佳。 相似文献
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开花生物学特征和繁育系统在生殖生长过程中有着重要的作用.对吊罗山薹草(Carex diaoluoshanica)的开花生物学特征和繁育特性开展定点观测研究,发现吊罗山薹草的小穗呈两性,但顶生小穗的雌花完全退化,而基部侧生小穗的雄花虽高度退化但仍有1~2朵匿藏的雄花发挥自交作用;开花物候和开花动态观测中发现,吊罗山薹草开... 相似文献
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本研究以四川牡丹花粉为材料,利用离体萌发法、亚历山大染色法、TTC染色法及I2-KI染色法,测定四川牡丹花粉的活力。结果表明:开花后第1天花粉即具有活力,第4天花粉活力最高,随着开花时间的推移,花粉活力逐渐下降。开花后1~7 d,用4种测定方法测得的花粉活力变化趋势基本一致。亚历山大染色法与离体萌发法的结果差异极其显著(P<0.01)。TTC染色法和I2-KI染色法,与离体萌发法的结果差异不显著。其中I2-KI测定结果最接近离体萌发法。综合考虑实验条件、实验周期、实验过程和药品保存方法等因素,I2-KI染色法适合四川牡丹野外人工传粉之前快速准确地测定花粉活力。这为探讨四川牡丹濒危的原因、保护种质资源、开展引种驯化和杂交育种提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Chilling temperatures at flowering cause floral abortion in most chickpea cultivars. Recent evaluations of germplasm showed distinct genotypic differences in pod and seed set at low temperature but the morpho-physiological basis for such variation is unclear. Observations in the field during cold spells of December and January, and at 15/5°C and 15/0°C (day/night) regimes in growth rooms showed distinct genetic variation in flower morphology, gamete development (viability and size of pollen and ovules) and function (pollen germination and tube growth, ovule viability and fertilization, etc.). The greater pod-setting ability of tolerant lines (ICCVs 88502 and 88503) than the sensitive cultivars (Annigeri, Pant G 114, etc.) was associated with a higher pollen vigour (germination and tube growth) and ovule viability at low temperature in the former. The number of ovules was not affected by cold stress in all cultivars/lines but pollen size and viability were reduced in Annigeri. The reduced ovule fertilization, associated with decline in pollen tube growth and ovule viability, was the major cause for poor seed set at low temperatures. The magnitude of effects on gamete function varied with cultivar/line and severity of stress. Function of both pollen and ovules was adversely affected in Annigeri in 15/5° and 15/0°C regimes. In contrast, the reduction in pollen vigour was more than in ovule viability in ICCV 88510 and Pant G 114 at 15/5°C. At 15/0°C, however, both pollen vigour and ovule viability were reduced. A small increase in pod set of sensitive genotypes from manual pollinations with pollen from plants in the warm regime further suggested that pollen function was more adversely affected than pistil function at moderately low temperatures. 相似文献
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John B. Bamberg 《American Journal of Potato Research》1995,72(1):23-33
Heat stress limits botanical seed production by inhibiting flowering, pollen production and pollen viability. Three accessions (PIs) of each of 23 diverseSolanum species were screened for stability of fertility parameters under heat stress. Seedlings were grown to flowering in temperate conditions (16–25 C), then treated with three weeks of heat stress of up to 45 C for 4–6 hours per day at midday with nighttime lows of 18 C, and compared to temperate-grown controls. A highly significant effect of species, temperature, and their interaction was detected for flowering. This means species were inherently different and heat had a general depressing effect, but the degree of that effect varied among species. While most species had little flowering in the hot house,S. commersonii andmicrodontum flowered significantly more there than in the temperate house. Of species which flowered in hot conditions, some shed no pollen and some had good shed of mostly dead pollen, but onlyS. commersonii, jamesii, kurtzianum andmegistacrolobum had good flowering, pollen shed and viability. This work is expected to contribute to the study of the genetic and physiological bases of heat stress fertility, true potato seed (TPS) breeding, and possibly improvement of tomato production under heat stress. 相似文献