浅议流域水环境非点源污染负荷模型

流域污染负荷模型一般用来模拟沉积物和污染物的产生及其从源向受纳水体运动的过程,可以描述与估算污染负荷的产生和归趋。本文总结了农业非点源污染负荷模型、城市非点源污染负荷模型以及混合非点源污染负荷模型的模拟过程、适用性与局限性,指出了模型应用中存在的问题,并探讨了模型的研究与发展趋势。     

"农村非点源污染控制与管理研究"考察报告

为了了解美国在解决非点源污染方面的法律、法规和成功的管理经验,以便为我国制定有关的非点源污染控制政策及规划等提供参考,由国家环境保护总局组团,对美国农村非点源污染防治进行了实地考察。1.1与美国农业部会谈9月22日上午,美国农业部国际合作与发展处处长CarolKramerLeBl     

发挥生物饲料技术优势 促进养殖业可持续发展

根据配合饲料品质特性,简要分析养殖业污染原因及其对生产可持续发展的影响;从技术角度论述了生物饲料及其产业发展对改善养殖业污染所具有的潜在功能优势、研究开发生物饲料的重要意义、科学发展途径、有利条件与急待解决的问题。     

畜禽养殖非点源污染及其生态控制研究

针对于畜禽进行养殖过程当中很容易产生污染问题,其中,非点源污染问题产生之后将会对于生态环境造成较大影响,非点源污染问题比较突出以及较为严重,日益受到广泛关注。本文主要是关于畜禽养殖非点源污染以及生态控制研究,以供相关专业人士进行参考和借鉴。     

国内外控制养殖业污染的措施及建议

我国的水污染问题已十分严重，其造成的严重后果不亚于洪灾和旱灾，已经到了迫在眉睫、非解决不可的时候了。近年来，由国务院和国家环保总局提出的污染防治对策正逐渐限制了工业污染源的排放(固定污染源点的污染物排放已实行了总量控制)以及目前正在实施城市污水处理措施，城市和工业垃圾导致的点源污染对水质污染的影响将逐渐减少，非点源污染的严重性逐渐显现出来。非点源污染，是相对于固定污染源(点)污染而言的一种水环境污染类型。     

浅谈畜禽养殖场污染治理的现状和对策

介绍了规模化养殖场对环境造成污染的现状及产生污染物的原因,指出了畜禽养殖业对环境的污染及其主要危害,并提出了防治对策.     

益生素在减少畜禽粪便污染物中的作用

畜禽粪便中的污染物对环境造成了威胁,为各种疾病的传播创造了条件,阻碍了畜牧养殖业可持续发展。益生素作为一种新型绿色饲料添加剂,广泛使用于畜禽饲料中,可改善畜禽肠道微生物菌群,提高饲料消化率,减少粪污排放。文章就畜禽粪便污染物的种类和益生素在减少畜禽粪便污染物排放及其机理进行综述,以期从源头上减少畜禽粪便对环境的污染,促进养殖业的蓬勃发展。     

谈谈畜禽养殖污染减排治污中的养殖场管理

畜禽养殖粪污是畜禽养殖的伴生物,处理和利用不当,就会严重污染环境和危害养殖业健康.加强对养殖场的污染减排治污,是推进养殖业健康可持续发展的关键.     

减轻奶牛磷排放对环境污染的技术措施

本文综述了反刍动物磷的需要量及其消化、吸收与代谢过程,阐述了奶牛养殖过程中磷排泄对环境造成的污染,提出了减少奶牛磷排放的技术措施,旨在为减少奶牛磷排放对环境造成的污染,保障奶牛养殖业的可持续发展提供一定参考。     

规模化畜禽养殖污染的防治

随着畜禽养殖业规模化和集约化生产的不断扩大,畜禽养殖业对环境的污染日渐严重.本文从清洁生产角度出发,就科学选择饲养地点和合理配置饲养面积;选育优良畜禽品种;控制日粮的营养成分;畜禽废物的处理与利用等几个方面系统综述了减少畜禽生产污染的具体措施.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。