极早熟、高产大豆新品种北豆24的选育及栽培技术

介绍了北豆24的选育经过、主要特征特性及栽培技术。北豆24原代号北交04-912,是黑龙江省北安农场局科研所以克95-888为母本,北丰2号为父本进行有性杂交,系谱选育而成。2009年1月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名推广。     

极早熟大豆新品种北豆49的选育及高产栽培技术

介绍了大豆新品种北豆49的选育经过、主要特征特性及栽培技术。该品种是黑龙江省农垦总局北安农业科学研究所以华疆2号为母本、黑农43为父本进行有性杂交,经系谱选择选育而成,在黑龙江省生产试验中比对照黑河35平均增产8.7%。2011年12月通过黑龙江省品种审定委员会审定命名推广,审定编号:黑审豆2012022。     

优质高产大豆新品种北豆26号的选育及栽培技术

高产大豆新品种北豆26号是黑龙江省农垦科研育种中心华疆科研所于2001年以北丰17为母本、垦鉴豆26为父本有性杂交经过多年选育而成的。该品种适于黑龙江省第六积温带种植,主要特点是高产、稳产、中抗灰斑病、脂肪含量高。2009年1月由黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定通过并准予推广。     

高抗灰斑病大豆新品种北豆35号的选育

北豆35号是黑龙江省农垦总局红兴隆农业科研所选育出来的大豆新品种,原代号钢9777-1,2010年1月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定推广（黑审豆2010011）,属高抗灰斑病大豆品种,适于黑龙江省第二积温带下限完达山丘陵温和半湿润区（6区）种植。     

高产抗倒伏大豆新品种红研7号的选育及栽培技术

红研7号是黑龙江省农垦总局红兴隆农业科研所以农大05071为母本、北豆35号为父本,经有性杂交选育而成。该品种高产、稳产,抗倒伏。2019年3月通过黑龙江省审定委员会审定命名,适于黑龙江省≥10℃活动积温2 350℃区域种植。     

高产优质大豆品种北豆5号栽培技术要点

介绍了北部高纬高寒地区，栽培种植的大豆品种北豆5号的特征特性和栽培技术；2003年，经农垦总局审定委员会审定推广，审定名为垦鉴豆25号；2006年经黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定推广，审定名为北豆5号。是最佳的良种补贴品种，目前推广面积已达21．94万hm^2。     

高油大豆新品种北豆18号的选育与利用

北豆18号系黑龙江农垦总局红兴隆农业科学研究所选育出的大豆新品种．原代号钢9775—2．2008年1月通过国家品种审定委员会审定推广（国审豆2008015）,属高油品种,黑龙江省第二积温带和第三积温带上限、吉林省东部地区春播种植。     

早熟高产大豆新品种北豆20号的选育及栽培技术

早熟大豆新品种北豆20号是黑龙江省农垦科研育种中心华疆科研所于1998年以北豆5号为母本、北丰2号为父本有性杂交,经过多年选育而成的。该品种适于黑龙江省第三积温带下限和第四积温带,吉林省东部山区、内蒙古兴安盟和呼伦贝尔市大兴安岭南麓、新疆北部地区春播种植。主要特点是脂肪含量高、商品性好、抗病抗倒伏、适宜大垄密植。2008年5月由国家农作物品种审定委员会审定通过并准予推广。     

早熟高油高产大豆新品种克豆28号的选育

克豆28号是黑龙江省农科院克山分院大豆研究室于2002年以北豆5号为母本、东农46号为父本进行有性杂交,采用系谱法选育而成的大豆新品种。该品种的突出特点是高油、高产、综合性状优良,2010年列入黑龙江省良种化工程项目,2012年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定（黑审豆2012017）。     

大豆新品种北豆21号的选育及应用前景分析

黑龙江省是我国大豆主产区,大豆在该区域常年种植面积在133万hm2左右,主栽品种有黑河38、黑河18、北豆5、垦鉴豆4号等。由于品种的适应性不同,并且环境条件在不断变化,一是气候条件的不确定性增加,二是黑龙江北部大豆重迎茬现象严重．因此,对品种的要求也越来越高．一些品种在生产中不断被淘汰。北豆21号是黑龙江农垦北安科研所选育的大豆新品种,于2008年通过国家审定．     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

芸薹属多倍体与二倍体作物 花柱及角果的发育差异

通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。     

Combined nitrogen and sulphur fertilisation and its effect on wheat quality and protein composition measured by SE-FPLC and proteomics

Soil sulphur deficiency, which is increasingly prevalent in Western Europe, lowers wheat yields, and also affects the gluten quality of the flour. Differences in S availability may change the proportion of S-poor to S-rich gliadins and glutenin subunits. This may cause unpredictable and unwanted variations in wheat quality. The combined effects of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilisers and split application of S and N on wheat gluten quality and composition were investigated. The results revealed effects of S fertilisation on dough quality. At high N fertilisation levels significant responses to S fertilisation were found which emphasised the need for precision application of S in intensive wheat production systems. Protein fractionation by SE-FPLC showed that quality differences were associated with changing proportions of high M_r polymeric proteins. Changes in protein composition of salt soluble proteins were also confirmed by proteomics. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and one of the serpin protein spots increased at high N, combined with the lower S level. The enzymes also increased in samples with increased S fertilisation combined with low N, but was not changed at higher N levels. Furthermore, at high N the serpin protein spot, and also a 27 K protein and one unidentified protein spot decreased with increasing S.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N₂ fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N₂ and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the N_min-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N₂ fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent.