月见草离体快繁的初步研究

月见草(Oenothera erythrosepala Borb)是传统的药用植物、重要的油料植物及芳香植物和常见的观赏花卉植物,为国内外广泛利用[1].近几年由于人为采集,野生资源逐年减少,需要采用繁殖方式扩大种苗供应.目前市场上主要采用人工栽培的繁殖手段[2],这样既浪费了人力又占用了大量的土地.为此笔者在离体快繁上做了初步研究,以期为大规模商业化生产提供参考.     

菊芋的组织培养与快繁技术研究

以菊芋幼嫩枝条腋芽为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的激素组合进行组织培养与快繁技术研究.结果表明:外植体消毒采用75%乙醇表面消毒20 s和0.1%HgCl2 6 min的处理方式较好;初代培养基为MS培养基,继代增殖最适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L较好;壮苗培养最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 0.08 mg/L最好;最适生根培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L,生根率达92%.     

食用仙人掌的离体快速繁殖

仙人掌茎段的腋芽 (刺座芽 )在 MS 6-BA0 .5 mg/L NAA0 .1 mg/L培养基上培养 30 d,可诱导产生 1～ 2个小芽 ,将小芽分切继代培养 ( 2 5 d为 1周期转移培养 1次 ) ,繁殖系数达 3～ 4。芽长2～ 3cm时再切分成单芽 ,在 1 /2 MS NAA0 .1～ 0 .5 mg/L或 IBA1～ 3mg/L 活性炭 0 .2 %培养基上进行生根培养 ,培养 2 5 d,生根率达 85 %以上。移栽成活率 90 %以上     

大花卷丹百合组培快繁技术研究

为获得大花卷丹百合的优质种苗,促进其规模化生产,以大花卷丹百合的鳞片为外植体,采用MS、N6、B5培养基,添加激素NAA、6-BA、GA3,进行了大花卷丹百合的快繁技术研究。结果表明,外植体在N6培养基中产生愈伤组织最快、效果最好。愈伤组织及不定芽诱导最佳培养基配方为N6+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA;不定芽增殖最佳培养基为N6+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L GA3。NAA诱导小鳞茎效果最佳,最适培养基为 N6+1.0 mg/L NAA;促进小鳞茎膨大生根要在诱导鳞茎的基础上加入IBA,即最适培养基为N6+0.1 mg/L NAA+2.0 mg/L IBA。     

兰花组培快繁研究进展

文章综述了兰花组织培养快繁技术的研究进展,着重阐述了不同外植体、培养因素对类原球茎诱导、增殖和分化的影响,扼要介绍了兰花快繁存在的问题,并对未来兰花的研究与开发进行了初步的探讨。     

不同激素处理对山苍子雄性离体再生植株快繁的影响

用大叶山苍子成年雄株带茅茎段为外植体,研究不同激素种类和配比对山苍子离体培养及再生植株快繁的影响效果.结果表明:以MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L 2.4-天1.0 mg/L培养基适于带茅茎段愈伤组织的诱导分化,分化率达62.5%;以MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L NAA 0.01 mg/L培养基适于芽苗增殖,增殖倍数为5.3;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS IAA0.5mg/L IBA0.5mg/L TA2.0MG/L,生根率达83.3%.     

苦水玫瑰快繁技术体系研究

以甘肃苦水玫瑰外植体为试验材料,研究了苦水玫瑰组培苗的诱导、增殖、继代、生根与移栽技术体系。结果表明,甘肃苦水玫瑰组培苗的诱导与增殖培养基以 WPM+6-BA1.5 mg/L最佳,增殖倍数可达 3.56;继代4次后,丛生芽增殖倍数达到5.43倍。瓶内生根培养基以 WPM+IBA 0.1 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L为佳,生根率可达82.68%。试管苗采用苗床栽培,用腐殖质、田园土和蛭石作基质,在50%遮阴率条件下植株生长量最佳,成活率最高,为91.00%。     

Identification of geranic acid, a tyrosinase inhibitor in lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)

Lemongrass is a popular Asian herb having a lemon-like flavor. Very recently, potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity has been found in lemongrass in addition to various biological activities reported in the literature. The aim of the present study is to identify the active compounds in the lemongrass. An assay-guided purification revealed that one of the active substances was geranic acid. Geranic acid has two stereoisomers, which are responsible for the trans and cis geometry on the conjugated double bond. Both isomers are present in the active ethyl acetate-soluble extract of the lemongrass, and their IC50 values were calculated to be 0.14 and 2.3 mM, respectively. The structure requirement of geranic acid for the potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity was investigated using geranic acid-related compounds.     

药用植物甜茶的快速繁殖

将甜茶（ＲｕｂｕｓｓｕａｖｉｓｉｍｕｓＳ．Ｌｅｅ）茎段接种在以ＭＳ和Ｗｈｉｔｅ为基本培养基分别附加不同浓度ＢＡ的培养基上。研究表明,以ＭＳ为基本培养基附加２ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＢＡ和０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＡＡ,对芽的增殖和生长效果较显著,增殖率比对照高９１％。将试管苗转入以ＭＳ为基本培养基附加１ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＡＡ和２ｍｇ／Ｌ多效唑的培养基中,出根率最高达４３％,根茎粗壮。     

4个鲜食葡萄品种组培快繁体系的建立

为加快鲜食葡萄苗木的繁殖速度,提高苗木品质,以鲜食葡萄品种夏黑、红地球、巨峰和玫瑰香为试验材料,通过对无菌外植体的消毒、继代和驯化等环节技术的探究,建立适用于不同鲜食葡萄品种的组培快繁体系。结果表明,以葡萄茎段作为外植体在低浓度(0.3%～0.5%)次氯酸钠溶液中消毒15 min后,接种在MS+0.2 mg·L^-1IBA+1.0 mg·L^-16-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1KT+4.0 mg·L^-1腺嘌呤+30 g·L^-1蔗糖+8.2 g·L^-1琼脂的培养基上,成活率达到87.5%;以培养基WPM添加0.2 mg·L^(-1 )IBA增殖培养兼生根诱导,组培苗生长健壮,生根效果好。采用水培方法炼苗3周后4个品种组培苗移栽成活率均达到100%。综上,完整的基础组培快繁体系可应用于科学研究及工业化大规模生产。本研究为加快鲜食葡萄的繁殖速度、提高苗木质量提供了理论依据。     

Free radical scavengers and antioxidants from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.)

Methanol, MeOH/water extracts, infusion, and decoction of Cymbopogon citratus were assessed for free radical scavenging effects measured by the bleaching of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, scavenging of the superoxide anion, and inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) and lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes. The extracts presented effect in the DPPH and superoxide anion assay, with values ranging between 40 and 68% and 15-32% at 33 and 50 microg/mL, respectively, inhibited lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes by 19-71% at 500 microg/mL and were inactive toward the XO at 50 microg/mL. Isoorientin, isoscoparin, swertiajaponin, isoorientin 2' '-O-rhamnoside, orientin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid were isolated and identified by spectroscopic methods. Isoorientin and orientin presented similar activities toward the DPPH (IC(50): 9-10 microM) and inhibited lipid peroxidation by 70% at 100 microg/mL. Caffeic and chlorogenic acid were active superoxide anion scavengers with IC(50) values of 68.8 and 54.2 microM, respectively, and a strong effect toward DPPH. Caffeic acid inhibited lipid peroxidation by 85% at 100 microg/mL.     

Changes in essential oil during enzyme-assisted ensiling of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.) and lemon eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora Hook)

Changes in essential oil during ensiling of lemongrass and lemon eucalyptus were studied. Wilted lemongrass and eucalyptus leaves were ensiled in 0.25-L anaerobic jars. Samples consisted of a control (no additives) and a treated sample (0.5% glucose and lactic acid bacteria and 1% cellulase plus 1% hemicellulase plus pectinase). Three jars per treatment were sampled on days 2, 6, 10, and 36 for analysis of essential oil. Essential oil was obtained by extraction and by hydrodistillation. Extraction efficacy of essential oil from the lemongrass was improved by the enzyme treatment, but it was much lower than the amount obtained by distillation. The major components of the essential oil were neral and geranial. In the eucalyptus, total essential oils obtained by distillation decreased during ensiling, and the amount was similar to the amount obtained by extraction. Citronellal, which was the major component of the essential oil in the fresh eucalyptus leaves, decreased, whereas isopulegol and 3,8-terpinolhydrate increased during ensiling.     

红掌的离体组织培养与快速繁殖

本研究从红掌组培的实用化生产出发,在不同激素成份及浓度水平下,以MS为基本培养基,红掌的叶片或叶柄为外植体进行组培快繁试验。实验结果表明：MS＋6-BA1mg/L＋2.4-D0.1mg/L为最佳诱导培养基,诱导率可达89%以上,红掌的叶片诱导效果比叶柄较为理想。最适分化培养基为：MS＋BA1.5mg/L＋NAA0.1mg/L,其分化率为93%;继代增殖培养基为MS＋6-BA2mg/L＋NAA0.2mg/L,增殖系数达7.1;适合生根诱导培养基为l/2MS＋NAA0.2mg/L,生根率达96.5%以上。生根苗田间移栽后成活率可达95%以上。     

Phenotypic and RAPD diversity among Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt accessions in relation to Cymbopogon nardus Rendle

The species Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt is believed to have originated from the well-known species Cymbopogon nardus, type Maha Pengiri, referred to as Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) commercial citronella. Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt was named after Winter, who raised its population as a separate species in the 19th century. C. winterianus was introduced into Indonesia and became commercially known as the Javanese citronella. The Javanese type C. winterianus material was introduced into India for the commercial cultivation of this crop during 1959. Varieties of this species have been developed later by the use of breeding procedures from the same introduced material. A comparative analysis of yields of herb, oil percentage and oil constituents for eight prevalent C. winterianus cultivars comparing them between themselves as well as against an accession of C. nardus has been carried out. All these accessions were analyzed at the molecular level for the similarity and genetic distances through RAPD profiling, using 20 random primers. More than 50% divergence was observed for all the C. winterianus accessions in relation to C. nardus accession CN2. The clustering based on the similarity matrices showed a major cluster of six accessions, consisting of two sub-clusters. The accession C. nardus CN2 got carved out along with two C. winterianus accessions, CW2 and CW6. On the other hand, the accessions CW2 and CW6 demonstrated distinct identities compared to CN2 at the DNA level.     

狐狸肉源性成分快速检测方法的建立

为了规范食品安全标识,防止非食用性的狐狸肉添加到肉品中导致伦理、宗教等敏感问题,迫切需要建立狐狸肉源性成分鉴定方法.本研究以狐狸、牛、羊、猪、鸭、驴和鼠肉以及模拟掺假样本为研究对象,根据狐狸线粒体基因序列设计特异性交叉引物组合,Bst DNA聚合酶反应体系经63℃恒温扩增60 min,扩增产物经电泳检测和一次性核酸试纸...