开拓农村市场的制约因素及对策

我国是一个农业人口占80％、农民总数达9亿人口的农业大国,其众多的人口和辽阔的地域决定了农村市场的巨大潜力。开拓农村市场是刺激消费需求、拉动经济增长的一项重大措施,对我国国民经济走出困境、持续发展将具有决定性的作用。     

广东省科学施肥改革开放30年回顾

介绍了改革开放30年来广东省科学施肥的发展特点、历程和成效等情况,从钾肥的推广使用、农作物配方施肥、优化配方施肥、平衡配套施肥到测土配方施肥,其中还介绍了如何结合优质稻面积的扩大开展优质稻高产高效益配套施肥技术的研究、试验、示范和推广,如何结合有机肥料的施用开展"三配套"技术的推广使用,如何结合施肥耕作制度的改革开展控释肥料一次性施肥技术的推广等,对今后广东省科学施肥的发展起承前启后的作用.     

Technology observed: attitudes of a wary public

Our analysis of the interviews with a sample of the California public about a range of their attitudes toward technology shows that a modification of our understanding of the collective state of mind on this subject is in order. The current assessment of the public as largely, and somewhat vacantly, enamored with science and technology does not hold. Nor does a picture of a public generally hostile and alienated by technology. Neither panglossian optimism nor prophecies of doom can be supported by these interviews. Rather a more mixed picture emerges. Out of that picture, a potential public can be isolated, whose mood it behooves science policy-makers to watch. This group tends to associate a number of related conditions with technological development; moreover, it is likely to make assessments on those relationships so perceived. To the degree this group has "antitechnological" feelings, these feelings are clearly linked to the group's awareness that the social consequences of technology can produce conditions which threaten important values. The particular distribution of age and political identification suggests that those who are young and who identify themselves as "liberal" form the core of potential opposition to technological development and that such opposition is at least in part a function of different value preferences. The associations between political identification and attitudes about technology, distrust of decision-making, and concern for environmental impacts all make this point. In short, "technological dissent" cannot be written off as antiintellectual and without foundation. It is, in fact, preeminently sensible. What the alignments visible within the potential public portend for the future is not clear, although they do not allow us to accept an inference drawn from past studies-that because the young retain confidence in scientists and engineers all is well for the general climate of science and technology. We can only speculate whether, as these younger people grow older, they will carry their uneasiness about technology with them. Were they to do so, and were this group to be joined by still younger people who also hold these wary attitudes, the context of scientific and technological work could become much more fraught with political controversy. Another point emerging from our interpretation is how very crucial to continued free scientific inquiry is the distinction between scientific work and technological activities apparently now made by a sizable portion of the public. Should this distinction become lost, perhaps through continual merging of science's role with technology's by the popular press, attitudes now mainly associated with technology could spill over to scientific research as well. Yet our data also provide evidence of the successes of the scientific and technological communities. They have become such a critical part of life that people are seriously concerned with their future development. The opportunity is present for both communities to find ways of responding to the situation so that thoughtful action can be taken to implement technology for the benefit of the commonweal.     

改革开放30年农业科技期刊发展探索回顾

农业科技期刊是传播农业科技的主要载体和桥梁。采用详实的数据对改革开放30年来农业科技期刊的发展及农业科技期刊在农业推广中的服务成效进行阐析,并从新媒体合作、农村远程教育合作、科技信息服务"三农"等方面思考知识经济时代农业科技期刊的发展谋略。     

改革开放以来珠三角地区农业功能转变与景观形态演变

为探索农业功能与景观形态的演变历程及其关系,推动生产、生活、生态“三生”功能融合,理清改革开放以来珠三角农业功能及景观形态的演变历程,本研究引入生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表和景观格局指数进行测算。结果表明,1980—2018年,农业食品与原材料生产功能价值从20.81亿元下降到17.45亿元,休闲与文化功能价值从11.83亿元增长至13.92亿元,生态调节与保护功能价值从215.88亿元增长至217.96亿元。农业景观面积从2 094 233.94 hm²缩减到1 753 198.20 hm²,总斑块数从5 536增长至8 282,聚合度从96.732 6减小至95.878 2,景观形状指数由158.578 8增长至182.868 4。研究表明,农业功能转变及景观形态演变历程可以归纳为三个阶段：改革开放至20世纪90年代以生产功能为主导,农业景观表现为以耕地为主、桑基鱼塘为典型的传统农业景观;20世纪90年代至2010年前后以生活功能为主导,农业景观呈现以观光体验为特征的观光农业景观;2010年前后至今转变为“三生”功能融合主导,农业景观呈现以生态休闲为目的的休闲农业景观。