饲喂不同消化能和粗蛋白质水平的饲粮对泌乳前期伊犁母马泌乳性能及马驹生长发育的影响

本试验旨在研究饲喂不同消化能(DE)、粗蛋白质(CP)水平的饲粮对泌乳前期伊犁母马泌乳性能、乳成分及马驹生长发育和血浆生化指标的影响,为进一步探讨泌乳期伊犁母马能量和蛋白质的需要量提供参考依据。选取无亲缘关系,年龄、体重、胎次相近且处于泌乳前期的伊犁母马25匹,根据母马体重分成5组,每组5匹。试验期为60 d,分为2个泌乳月,每30 d为1个泌乳月。母马第1泌乳月DE、CP饲喂水平分别为101.41 M J/d、1.38 kg/d(Ⅰ组),112.05 M J/d、1.50 kg/d(Ⅱ组),122.40 M J/d、1.63 kg/d(Ⅲ组),133.27 M J/d、1.75 kg/d(Ⅳ组),143.84 MJ/d、1.87 kg/d(Ⅴ组);第2泌乳月DE、CP饲喂水平分别为129.73 MJ/d、1.82 kg/d(Ⅰ组),140.37 M J/d、1.94 kg/d(Ⅱ组),150.72 M J/d、2.07 kg/d(Ⅲ组),161.60 M J/d、2.19 kg/d(Ⅳ组),172.17 M J/d、2.31 kg/d(Ⅴ组)。每个泌乳月的第1~14天为预试期,最后10 d为采样期。结果显示:饲喂不同DE和CP水平的饲粮对泌乳前期伊犁母马的产奶量、常规乳成分和乳体细胞数无显著影响(P0.05)。乳脂中饱和脂肪酸含量各组间均无显著差异(P0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅳ组不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸含量各组间差异均不显著(P0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸含量Ⅰ组显著低于饲粮Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P0.05)。增加饲粮DE和CP水平后,乳脂中棕榈酸(C16∶0)、棕榈油酸(C16∶1)和亚油酸(C18∶2n6c)含量发生显著变化(P0.05),其中棕榈酸和棕榈油酸的含量Ⅰ组显著高于其他组(P0.05),亚油酸的含量Ⅰ组显著低于Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组(P0.05)。伊犁母马泌乳前期饲喂不同DE、CP水平的饲粮对马驹体重、体长、胸围、管围均无显著影响(P0.05),但马驹的体高表现为Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P0.05)。马驹的血浆生理生化指标显示,各组间血浆甘油三酯、总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮含量差异均不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,在第1和第2泌乳月,DE饲喂水平分别为101.41和129.73 M J/d、CP饲喂水平分别为1.38和1.82 kg/d时已能满足伊犁马泌乳的营养需要,增加饲粮DE和CP水平可降低马乳中棕榈酸和棕榈油酸的含量,提高亚油酸的含量。     

日粮添加不同水平甜菜粕对焉耆马营养物质消化代谢的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平甜菜粕对焉耆马营养物质消化代谢的影响。选取运动成绩、体重、年龄和体尺相近的焉耆马12匹,随机分为3组,每组4匹。对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组在饲喂相同的基础日粮和粗饲料(燕麦秸)的条件下分别补饲0、0.6和1.2 kg/d甜菜粕。试验期20 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期5 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组焉耆马对有机物、NDF、ADF的消化量和对日粮NDF、ADF的表观消化率均有极显著提高(P<0.01),对粗蛋白质、钙的消化量和对有机物的表观消化率影响差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组焉耆马对NDF和ADF的消化量分别增加了8.19%、9.43%,均达到了显著水平(P<0.05),而对有机物、粗蛋白质、钙的消化量和表观消化率均差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组焉耆马对有机物、NDF和ADF的消化量和表观消化率与试验Ⅰ组相比,均达到了显著或极显著水平(P<0.05;P<0.01),但对粗蛋白质和钙的消化量和表观消化率影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验Ⅱ组焉耆马的消化能与对照组和试验Ⅰ组相比分别提高14.92%(P<0.01)和11.23%(P<0.01),而试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);对代谢能而言,试验Ⅱ组比对照组和试验Ⅰ组分别提高11.73%(P>0.05)和14.83%(P<0.05)。因此,日粮中添加1.2 kg/d的甜菜粕,可显著提高焉耆马对日粮有机物和粗蛋白质的消化量,极显著提高NDF和ADF的表观消化量(率)及消化能,可明显改善焉耆马对营养物质的利用率。     

4种日粮对1岁伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究4种日粮对1岁伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标的影响。选用平均体重为(227.38± 16.48)kg的1岁伊犁马16匹,随机分为2组,每组8匹,采用分期分组的试验方法,分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组。试验Ⅰ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草8 kg/d、颗粒精料0 kg/d;试验Ⅱ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草7 kg/d、颗粒精料1 kg/d;试验Ⅲ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草6.3 kg/d、颗粒精料1.7 kg/d;试验Ⅳ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草5.6 kg/d、颗粒精料2.4 kg/d。进行21 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期15 d,正试期6 d。结果表明,1岁伊犁马对干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、磷的消化率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加呈增长趋势,而中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙的消化率呈下降趋势;消化能、代谢能随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加呈增长趋势(P > 0.05);氮沉积量、氮沉积率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而增长,其中试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组氮沉积量、氮沉积率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P < 0.01);钙沉积量、钙沉积率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而降低,且试验Ⅰ组极显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P < 0.01);磷沉积量随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而极显著增加(P < 0.01);各组血浆中总蛋白含量差异不显著(P > 0.05),但试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血浆尿素氮含量均低于试验Ⅰ组(P > 0.05)。综合1岁伊犁马对4种日粮的消化代谢情况及血液生化指标,1岁伊犁马粗蛋白质适宜需要量为14.28 g/kg代谢体重,可消化蛋白适宜需要量为9.16 g/kg代谢体重,代谢能适宜需要量为1.74 MJ/kg代谢体重,消化能适宜需要量为1.41 MJ/kg代谢体重。     

饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对莱芜黑山羊泌乳母羊营养物质消化、泌乳量和血清生化指标及羔羊增重的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对莱芜黑山羊泌乳母羊(1~60泌乳日龄)营养物质消化、泌乳量和血清生化指标及其产出羔羊增重的影响。饲粮能量和蛋白质水平设计参考《肉羊饲养标准》(NY/T 816—2004)。1~30泌乳日龄:消化能12.78 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质15.00%;31~60泌乳日龄:消化能13.00 M J/kg,粗蛋白质17.00%。高、低水平分别设计为标准推荐量的120%、100%。将40只分娩后的莱芜黑山羊母羊平均分为4组,各组分别饲喂高蛋白质、高能(A组),低蛋白质、高能(B组),高蛋白质、低能(C组),低蛋白质、低能(D组)饲粮。结果表明:1)A组的羔羊平均日增重显著高于其他3组(P0.05),D组母羊体重呈负增长现象,但变化幅度较小。1~30日龄羔羊增重速度高于31~60日龄,羔羊平均日增重以C组在1~30日龄和A组在31~60日龄最高。2)整个泌乳期A、C组的母羊泌乳总量显著高于B、D组(P0.05),各组泌乳量峰值均出现在30泌乳日龄,随后逐渐降低。3)饲粮蛋白质水平影响母羊的泌乳量及羔羊的平均日增重,饲粮能量水平的影响不如蛋白质明显。4)母羊粗蛋白质采食量、泌乳量及羔羊平均日增重具有相似的变化趋势,有一定相关性。总之,1~30泌乳日龄母羊饲粮消化能、粗蛋白质、干物质适宜水平分别为1.145 MJ/(kg W0.75·d)、17.67 g/(kg W0.75·d)、93.73 g/(kg W0.75·d),31~60泌乳日龄分别为1.139 MJ/(kg W0.75·d)、19.65 g/(kg W0.75·d)、90.14 g/(kg W0.75·d)。     

不同代乳品及饲喂方式对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉影响的研究

为研究代乳粉(主要含乳类制品)液态饲喂和代乳料(主要含植物类饲料等)干喂对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉的影响,试验选用20头健康无病、体重和出生日期相近的荷斯坦奶公犊,随机分为2组,每组10头,进行了120 d的生长育肥试验。Ⅰ组饲喂市售的代乳粉(粗蛋白质22%,粗脂肪16%);Ⅱ组饲喂配制的代乳料(粗蛋白质22%,消化能16 MJ/kg)。结果表明:①Ⅱ组犊牛0~90 d平均日增重高于Ⅰ组犊牛,91~120 d平均日增重显著低于Ⅰ组犊牛(P< 0.05),但两组犊牛0~120 d平均日增重和试验末重均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。②不同代乳品及饲喂方式对奶公犊营养物质表观消化率均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。③Ⅰ组犊牛的胴体重、屠宰率和眼肌面积均显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛(P< 0.05),分别比Ⅱ组高11.88%、11.04%和8.12%,但两组间的胴体产肉率无显著差异(P> 0.05);两组犊牛背最长肌的pH、剪切力、蒸煮损失和肉色均无显著差异(P> 0.05),但Ⅰ组犊牛的失水率比Ⅱ组犊牛高20.83%(P< 0.01);Ⅰ组犊牛背最长肌中粗脂肪含量极显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛(P< 0.01),但两组犊牛背最长肌中水分、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、钙、磷和铁的含量均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。④Ⅱ组犊牛的饲养成本比Ⅰ组降低45.38%。综上所述,饲喂代乳料的犊牛可获得与饲喂代乳粉犊牛相似的生长性能和肉品质,显著降低饲养成本。     

饲粮不同能量水平对崂山奶山羊泌乳性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮不同能量水平对崂山奶山羊泌乳性能和血清生化指标的影响。选择体重(53.80±1.62)kg、产奶量(1.80±0.19)kg/d、体况相近并处于泌乳期2胎健康崂山奶山羊30只,采用单因素随机分组设计,随机分成3组,每组10只,每只羊为1个重复。分别饲喂钙、磷和蛋白质水平一致,消化能水平分别为9.7、10.8及11.6 MJ/kg的3种饲粮。正试期60d。结果表明:1)9.7 MJ/kg组有最低的产奶量,且料奶比显著高于10.8 MJ/kg组、11.6 MJ/kg组(P0.05),10.8 MJ/kg组、11.6 MJ/kg组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。2)9.7 MJ/kg组乳中有最大的乳脂率,显著高于10.8 MJ/kg组、11.6 MJ/kg组(P0.05),3组其他乳成分含量差异不显著(P0.05)。3)10.80 MJ/kg组血清尿素氮含量显著高于9.7 MJ/kg组、11.6 MJ/kg组(P0.05);11.6 MJ/kg组谷草转氨酶活性和白蛋白、甘油三酯及总胆固醇含量显著或极显著高于9.7 MJ/kg组(P0.05或P0.01),不同能量水平对血清总蛋白、球蛋白含量及谷丙转氨酶活性无显著影响(P0.05)。由以上结果并考虑饲养成本得出,奶山羊获得最佳泌乳性能的饲粮消化能水平为10.8 MJ/kg。     

补充饱和脂肪酸对泌乳中期热应激奶牛生产性能和代谢的影响

为探讨日粮补充饱和脂肪酸对遭受热应激泌乳中期奶牛生产性能、体温和代谢的影响,选择48头已经历热应激的泌乳中期奶牛,按照随机区组设计分为3组,每组16头。试验1组为对照组不饲喂饱和脂肪酸(SFA0),试验2组饲喂含日粮干物质1.5%的饱和脂肪酸(SFA1.5),试验3组饲喂含日粮干物质3.0%的饱和脂肪酸(SFA3)。试验期为10周。SFA0、SFA1.5、SFA3组日粮为等氮日粮(粗蛋白质16.8%),泌乳净能含量分别为:5.96、6.13和6.26 MJ/kg DM。试验期间,07∶00、14∶00和22∶00点的牛舍内湿热指数分别为72.2、84.3和76.6。结果表明,日粮补充饱和脂肪酸对14∶00点时奶牛的体温有降低作用,对奶牛的干物质采食量(20.1 kg/d±0.02 kg/d),体况评分(2.72±0.04),体重(627 kg±16.1 kg)和计算的能量平衡(5.54MJ/d±3.48 MJ/d)无明显影响。补充饱和脂肪酸能提高产奶量、增加乳中脂肪和总固形物含量,降低血浆游离脂肪酸的含量(8%),对其他能量代谢参数和激素无影响。本试验说明日粮补充饱和脂肪酸能够提高泌乳中期热应激奶牛产奶量、提...     

饲喂不同水平的精料补充料对6月龄伊犁马马驹消化代谢、血液生化指标及体增重的影响

本试验以6月龄伊犁马驹为试验动物,饲喂不同水平的精料补充料,通过全收粪、收尿法进行消化代谢试验,探究饲喂不同水平的精料补充料对6月龄伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标及体增重的影响,为6月龄伊犁马驹的科学饲喂提供依据。试验选用平均体重为(145.28±1.69) kg的6月龄断奶伊犁公马驹20匹,随机分为4组,每组5匹,分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ组,各组每匹马每天饲喂4 kg苜蓿干草,在此基础上分别饲喂精料补充料0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 kg。进行20 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期16 d,正试期4 d。结果表明,随精料补充料饲喂水平的增加6月龄伊犁马马驹对营养物质的摄入量,干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、钙的消化量,以及消化能、代谢能、氮沉积率、钙沉积率均增加,对6月龄伊犁马马驹血浆中总蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白及血液尿素氮含量均无显著影响(P > 0.05),但6月龄伊犁马马驹血液中球蛋白的含量有增加的趋势,血液中尿素氮的含量有降低的趋势;此外试验期内平均日增重随精料补充料饲喂水平的增加呈上升趋势。因此,增加6月龄伊犁马马驹精料补充料的饲喂水平可提高营养物质摄入量、消化率及沉积率,还可增强机体免疫能力、促进氮沉积并提高马驹的平均日增重。     

陕北白绒山羊泌乳期能量需要量研究

 
试验旨在研究陕北白绒山羊泌乳期能量需要量,为建立和完善陕北白绒山羊饲养标准提供基础参数。选择1.5岁、第二胎次同期产羔的陕北白绒山羊母羊12只,随机分为3组,各组试验羊分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为131 g/d,消化能水平分别为13.22、14.09和14.62 MJ/d的试验日粮,从产羔后第20 d开始进行为期40 d的饲养试验（其中预饲期10 d）;同时在饲养试验结束后,每组选择3只羊按照全收粪、尿法进行为期7 d的消化代谢试验。结果表明：泌乳期母羊对3种日粮的总能消化率、总能代谢率与消化能代谢率分别平均为56.14%、47.29%和84.24%,且各组试羊之间差异均不显著（P>0.05）;陕北白绒山羊母羊每生产1 kg常乳、1 kg 4%乳脂校正乳和1 MJ产乳净能的代谢能需要量分别为6.3800、5.0028和1.7124 MJ,泌乳过程中饲料代谢能转化为乳中净能的转化效率为58.40%。为了提高不同研究结果的可比性,建议在进行羊泌乳能量需要研究过程中,同时给出以每产1 kg常乳、1 kg乳脂校正乳、每转化1 MJ产乳净能所需要的代谢能值三个度量指标表示的泌乳能量需要,并同时估算出泌乳过程中饲料代谢能转化为乳中净能的转化效率.     

肥育猪在不同能量和蛋白质(氨基酸)水平下生产性能和胴体品质的研究

试验采用2×3因子设计,选取杜长大三元杂交健康的商品猪100头,公母各半,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组设2个重复,一个重复为10头阉公猪,另一个重复为10头青年母猪。根据2种消化能水平(13.60MJ/kg,13.18MJ/kg)、3种蛋白质水平(15.5%,14.5%,13.5%)、2种赖氨酸水平(0.75%,0.70%)组合配制5种试验料,分别饲喂5个处理组。试验结果表明:70～95kg的混养猪群,日粮以消化能13.18MJ/kg、粗蛋白质13.5%、总赖氨酸0.7%为最佳。同时从试验结果分析中发现:各处理组中重复组间(即阉公猪、青年母猪组)对能量、蛋白质的需求存在较大的差异,70～95kg杜长大阉公猪,日粮以消化能13.18MJ/kg,粗蛋白质13.5%,总赖氨酸0.7%较适宜,同阶段青年母猪,日粮以消化能13.18MJ/kg,粗蛋白质为14.5%,总赖氨酸为0.7%为最佳。     

Effects of Feeding Different Dietary Crude Protein and Digestible Energy to Yili Mares during Late Lactation Stage on Growth Development and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Foals

In this paper, thirty Yili mares aged 11 to 12 years with weighing 410 kg ± 30 kg, parity of 4 to 5 in third lactation month were selected, and were randomly divided into six groups, each group with five repeats.Two factors quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combination design was adopted to evaluate the effects of feeding different dietary CP and DE to mares on growth development and blood biochemical parameters of foals.Daily DE and CP feeding levels of the 6 groups were 92 MJ/d and 1.20 kg/d, 125 MJ/d and 1.20 kg/d, 92 MJ/d and 1.55 kg/d, 107 MJ/d and 1.35 kg/d, 125 MJ/d and 1.44 kg/d, 115 MJ/d and 1.55 kg/d, respectively.The results showed that body weight, body height, chest circumference and cannon circumference of foals of four and five months were not significant affected by maternal protein and energy intake (P>0.05).As compared with ration contained high DE (125 MJ/d) and low CP (1.20 kg/d), feeding with ration contained moderate DE (107 MJ/d) and CP (1.35 kg/d) improved body length of foals of four and five months significantly (P<0.05).From the blood biochemical parameters, such as total protein, albumin, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, there were no significant differences among all groups (P>0.05).Mares fed with ration contained moderate DE (107 MJ/d) and CP (1.35 kg/d) obviously improved the aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid level.In summary, Yili mares during lactation late stage fed with 1.35 kg/d CP and 107 MJ/d DE daily could significantly improve body length development of foals, and foals nitrogen metabolism was altered by maternal dietary nutrition through increasing blood aspartate aminotransferase activity.     

Effects of Different Levels of Concentrate Supplement on Nutrition Digestion and Metabolism,Blood Biochemical Indexes and Body Weight Gain in 6 Months Old Yili Foals

6 months old Yili foals were used as the experimental animal fed with different levels concentrate supplement to study the effects of fed with different levels concentrate supplement on digestion and metabolism,blood biochemical indexes and body weight gain by total feces and urine collection method,provide evidence for 6 months old Yili foals feeding.According to similar weight,20 weaned 6 months old Yili foals (all males) whose average weight was (145.28±1.69)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups named groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,each group of 5 weaned Yili foals(all males).All Yili foals were fed with alfalfa 4 kg/d,basised on this,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed with 0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0 kg/d concentrate supplement.20 d digestion and metabolism experiment,comprised 16 d adaptation and 4 d collection.The results showed that as the amount of concentrate supplement feeding increased,nutrition intake,amount of nutrient digestion of DM,OM,CP,Ca,DE,ME,retention rate of N,Ca increased.There were no significant effects on the content of TP,GLB,ALB,and BUN in plasma of 6 months old Yili foals(P > 0.05),but the content of TP,GLB in plasma showed an increased trend,the concentration of BUN in plasma showed a decreased trend.The ADG of 6 months old Yili foals was gradually increased as the amount of concentrate supplement feeding increased.Therefore,increasing amount of concentrate supplement feeding of 6 months old Yili foals could increase the nutrient intake,digestion rate and retention rate,also could strengthen the body's immune ability,improved nitrogen deposition and the average daily gain.     

Determination of the digestible energy intake and apparent absorption of macroelements in pasture-fed lactating Thoroughbred mares

AIM: To measure the nutritive value of pasture in terms of digestible energy (DE) intake (DEI) and dry matter (DM) digestibility, and to determine the apparent absorption of macroelements in lactating Thoroughbred mares grazed on pasture. METHODS: DM intake (DMI) and DEI were determined from daily faecal DM output measured in grazing mares, divided by the DM indigestible fraction (1-digestible DM), measured in a digestibility trial using pasture-fed mares. Eight lactating mares and their foals, that had a mean age of 40 days, were grazed separately on 50x100 m areas of pasture and daily faecal DM outputs were recorded for 8 days. Five mares and their foals were then placed in individual bare 20x20 m corrals containing custom-made feeding stations for 14 days to determine the indigestible DM fraction. DM, gross energy content, crude protein (CP), soluble carbohydrate, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), lipid, and macroelement composition of the pasture offered and faeces were determined and their digestibility and/or apparent absorption calculated. RESULTS: DM digestibility of the pasture was 0.6 and the DMI and DEI of a grazing 560 kg mare in early lactation nursing a foal growing at 1.34 kg/day was 13.6 (SE 0.8) kg/day and 146.9 (SE 8.4) MJ DE/day, respectively. Apparent absorptions of the macroelements measured were: Ca 0.75, P 0.43, Mg 0.63, Na 0.78, and K 0.72. CONCLUSIONS: Good quality ryegrass-white clover pasture that had a DE content of 10.8 MJ/kg DM, and a macroelement composition (g/kg) of Ca 3.33, P 3.0, Mg 1.67, Na 1.67, and K 24.2, will provide adequate DMI, DEI, and macroelement intake to lactating Thoroughbred mares.     

不同日粮蛋白能量水平对伊犁马产奶性能和乳成分的影响

试验采用2因子4水平饱和D-最优回归设计以研究日粮粗蛋白和消化能对伊犁马泌乳后期产奶量、乳成分的影响,通过响应曲面回归分析获得伊犁马泌乳后期适宜粗蛋白和消化能的需要量.选取年龄11～12周岁、体重410 kg±30 kg、胎次4～5胎,处于第3泌乳月的伊犁马30匹,随机分为6个试验组,每组5个重复.单栏定量饲养,分别饲以6种不同DE和CP水平的日粮,试验期60 d.试验结果显示,随着粗蛋白和消化能摄入的增加,日估计产奶量逐渐增加,其中以日粮4组（CP 1 352 g/d,DE 25.5 Mcal/d）最大,为8 156 mL/d.日粮4组的乳脂率、乳蛋白率、锌、锰在各组中最高,分别为0.99％、1.77％、1.12 μg/mL和28.96 ng/mL,而体细胞数和磷最少,分别为10.60×10^3个/mL和0.32 mg/mL.乳糖、总固体物、钙和铜含量在各组间均无显著差异（P＞0.05）.日产奶量与粗蛋白和消化能的回归关系为：日产奶量（mL/d）=-1.052 1×10^5 ＋581.678 3×DE＋116.6012×CP-0.111 0×DE×CP-0.037 2×CP^2-1.958 5×DE^2 （P＜0.05）.研究结果提示：DE和CP日摄入量影响处于泌乳后期伊犁马的产奶量和乳成分,400 kg体重伊犁马泌乳后期DE和CP的适宜需要量分别为108.05MJl/d和1 419.32g/d.     

Study on Production of White Veal with Holstein Bull Calves Fed on Different Milk Replacer and Feeding Methods

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of production of white veal with Holstein bull calves fed on the liquid milk replacer (containing mainly dairy products) feeding and the dry milk replacer (containing mainly plant diet, etc)feeding.20 healthy male calves with similar birth date and body weight were selected, and randomly divided into two groups (10 calves per group), for a period of 120 d white beef production fattening test.GroupⅠfed with milk replacer (commercial, 22% CP, 16% EE), groupⅡ fed with milk replacer (formulated, 22% CP, 16 MJ/kg DE).The results showed as follows:① 0 to 90 d ADG of group Ⅱ were higher than groupⅠ, 91 to 120 d ADG of group Ⅱ were significantly lower than groupⅠ (P< 0.05), but there were no significant differences in 0 to 120 d ADG and 120 d weight between two groups (P> 0.05).② There were no significant differences in the nutrient apparent digestibility of Holstein bull calves with different milk replacer and feeding methods (P> 0.05).③ Carcass weight, dressing percentage and eye muscle area of groupⅠcalves were significantly higher than those of group Ⅱ (P< 0.05), increased by 11.88%, 11.04% and 8.12%, respectively, but there was no significant difference in carcass meat production rate between two groups (P> 0.05).There was no significant differences in pH, shear force, cooking lose and meat color of longissimus between two groups (P> 0.05), but compared with group Ⅱ, the water lose rate of groupⅠincreased by 20.83% (P< 0.01).The content of EE of groupⅠwas significantly higher than group Ⅱ (P< 0.01), but there were no significant differences in the contents of moisture, CP, Ash, Ca, P and Fe of longissimus between two groups (P> 0.05).④Compared with groupⅠ, the feed cost of group Ⅱ was reduced by 45.38%.In summary, the growth performance and meat quality of two groups calves were similar, feeding cost was reduced significantly.     

断奶前马驹与母马粪便菌群多样性分析

试验旨在探究断奶前马驹和母马粪便菌群多样性,为丰富此阶段马驹肠道菌群多样性提供依据。选取5匹5岁（2胎）、平均体重（453.34±54.23）kg、健康的纯血马母马,以及母马所生的5匹马驹,出生日期相近（±5 d）,平均体重（185.65±9.54）kg,3公2母。母马和马驹在相同环境下饲养,母马日粮组成及营养水平相同,马驹除哺乳外采食的粗饲料和精料补充料相同。马驹6月龄断奶,在断奶前1周用灭菌收粪袋采集母马和马驹的粪便样品。结果显示,母马粪便中菌群α多样性Chao1和ACE指数显著高于马驹（P < 0.05）,分别比马驹高18.94%和15.62%;母马与马驹共有的菌种数为1 399个,母马与马驹特有的菌种数分别为150和68个;在门水平,母马与马驹粪便中排在前十的菌分别是厚壁菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、广古菌门、疣微菌门、螺旋体菌门、Unidentified_Bacteria、纤维杆菌门和无壁菌门,母马粪便中厚壁菌门丰度显著高于马驹（P < 0.05）;拟杆菌门母马比马驹高33.93%,差异不显著（P > 0.05）。由此可见,母马粪便菌群多样性显著高于断奶前马驹;母马与断奶前马驹粪便主要菌是厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门,母马粪便中厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门丰度均高于断奶前马驹。     

Matua bromegrass hay for mares in gestation and lactation

Matua bromegrass hay (Bromus willdenowii Kunth) is a high quality forage, but its value for mares during gestation and lactation is not well known. Intake, rate of passage, performance, and reproduction by gestating and lactating Quarter Horse mares fed the hay was investigated. In this experiment, 12, 2- to 12-yr-old gravid mares (mean BW = 553 kg, SD = 36) were fed Matua hay (CP = 11.5%) or alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) (CP = 15.4%) for variable days prepartum (mean 59.9 d; SD = 23.5) and for 70 d postpartum. Matua and alfalfa hay were fed as the roughage portion of the diet with a grain supplement. Mares, blocked by age, expected date of foaling, and BW, were assigned randomly within blocks to treatments (six mares per treatment). Forage type did not affect intake, gestation length, birth weight, number of foals, foal weight gain, day of first postpartum ovulation, cycles per conception, or pregnancy rate at 70 d. On d 1, milk from mares fed alfalfa hay contained less (P < 0.03) CP than milk from mares fed Matua hay. Milk CP decreased (P < 0.01) in all mares over time. In a separate experiment, voluntary intake and rate of passage of Matua (CP = 15.5%), alfalfa (CP = 24.9%), and Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) (CP = 4.1%) hays were determined in nine 2-yr-old pregnant mares (mean BW = 447 kg; SD = 21). Diets were 100% forage. Timothy hay did not meet CP requirements for mares. Voluntary intake of alfalfa hay was higher (P < 0.01) than Matua hay. Intake of Timothy hay was lower (P < 0.01) than the mean of alfalfa and Matua hay. Rate of passage offorage was measured by passage of Cr-mordanted fiber. Passage rate and retention time did not differ between Matua and alfalfa hay; however, the retention times of Matua and alfalfa hays were shorter (P < 0.01) than for Timothy hay. Our results indicate that Matua hay is a forage that can be used safely for mares during gestation and early lactation and for their young foals.     

珍珠长毛兔生长后期营养需要量的研究

６０只５月龄珍珠长毛兔随机配对分好两组进行对比饲养试验和消化代谢试验，结果表明，高水平组（ＰＥ１１．９０ＭＪ／ｋｇ，ＣＰ１８．７２％）与中水平组（ＰＥ１０．５２ＭＪ／ｋｇ，ＣＰ１６．１１％）相比，体增重、剪毛量分别提高２３．７３％和１０．４６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）料毛比降低９．９５％（Ｐ＜０．０１），养分消化率和氮利用率也呈提高趋势（Ｐ＞０．０５）。因此，为获得优异生产成绩，建议饲粮中ＰＥ应达１１．９０ＭＪ／ｋｇ以上，ＣＰ应达１８％以上