杜洛克猪繁殖性状遗传参数估计及非遗传因素影响分析

为了对杜洛克猪繁殖性状进行遗传参数估计，并分析非遗传因素分娩季节及胎次对繁殖性状的影响，试验整理了陕西省某核心育种场2009—2020年杜洛克母猪繁殖性状数据，利用DMU软件估计各繁殖性状的遗传参数，结合R软件中aov函数对非遗传因素季节和胎次进行方差分析，研究遗传参数和非遗传因素对繁殖性状的影响。结果表明：杜洛克猪除妊娠周期为中等遗传力性状外，其余繁殖性状遗传力均在0.01～0.05之间，且总产仔数与产活仔数、健仔数、弱仔数、初生窝重之间为遗传正相关，妊娠周期与总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、死仔数、弱仔数、初生窝重之间呈遗传负相关。分娩胎次对杜洛克猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、初生窝重、妊娠周期的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01);而季节仅对死胎数、死仔数、妊娠周期3个性状具有极显著影响(P<0.01)。冬季损失的仔猪数最少，死仔数和死胎数显著低于春季、夏季、秋季(P<0.05),春季总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数和初生窝重显著高于夏季、秋季、冬季(P<0.05),冬季妊娠周期显著长于春季、夏季、秋季(P<0.05)。分娩胎次为2胎次时的死胎数、死仔数、弱仔...     

大白和长白猪大样本群体的繁殖性状遗传参数估计及影响因素分析

旨在解析不同因素对大白和长白猪大样本群体繁殖性能的影响。同时估计大白和长白猪繁殖性状的遗传参数。本试验选取温氏2013-2018年5年间大白共65 546窝母猪繁殖记录、长白共9 552窝母猪繁殖记录进行研究。采用SAS软件GLM过程对母猪8个繁殖性状进行分析,解析母猪分娩胎次、出生胎次和情期3个因素对其繁殖性能的影响。同时利用DMU软件估计这些性状的遗传力、遗传相关和表型相关。结果表明:1)在影响因素分析中:在两个品种中,母猪分娩胎次对所有繁殖性状都有极显著影响(P0.001);在大白猪中,母猪出生胎次对5个繁殖性状影响显著(P0.05),情期对所有繁殖性状影响均不显著;而在长白猪中,母猪出生胎次对弱仔数和出生窝重有显著影响(P0.05),情期对5个繁殖性状影响显著(P0.05)。2)在遗传参数估计中:在大白猪中,出生窝重遗传力最高,为0.281,总仔数、活仔数、健仔数、弱仔数和死胎数的遗传力在0.117～0.179范围内;而在长白猪中,总仔数遗传力最高,为0.190,活仔数、健仔数、弱仔数和出生窝重的遗传力在0.100～0.176范围内;在遗传相关和表型相关上,大白猪的总仔数与活仔数、总仔数与健仔数、活仔数与健仔数、健仔数与出生窝重等遗传相关均在0.738以上,其表型相关在0.717以上,长白猪的总仔数与活仔数、总仔数与健仔数、活仔数与健仔数的遗传相关在0.895以上,表型相关在0.791以上。本研究结果为提高母猪的繁殖性能和加速繁殖性状的遗传进展提供了试验数据和理论基础。     

猪繁殖相关比率性状的探究

本研究旨在挖掘更多猪繁殖相关信息性状,主要探究了繁殖比率性状。实验选取某大白猪核心育种场约6年主要繁殖性状记录数据,并由此计算出主要繁殖比率性状,利用DMU软件和动物模型估计活仔率、健仔率、弱仔率、畸死木率(畸形仔率+死胎率+木乃伊率)和断奶率的加性方差和永久环境效益方差,计算各性状遗传力;采用双性状动物模型计算各主要繁殖性状及繁殖比率性状之间的表型和遗传相关,作遗传趋势图。结果表明:第2~3胎活仔率、健仔率和畸死木率均达到差异显著(P0.05),可见该胎次繁殖性能整体上最佳;繁殖比率性状遗传力均低于0.10,为低遗传力性状;表型和遗传相关结果显示,健仔数和健仔率是较为理想的繁殖信息性状,其综合选择指数遗传趋势更加靠近断奶仔猪数。     

大白母猪妊娠天数影响因素分析及遗传参数估计

【目的】分析胎次、配种季节和与配公猪3个固定效应对大白母猪妊娠天数的影响,估计妊娠天数的遗传参数并探索其与总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、死胎数、木乃伊数的关系。【方法】收集2 138头大白母猪妊娠天数、总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、死胎数及木乃伊数6种生产表型,共包含4个胎次(1～4)的4 261条记录。利用一般线性模型分析试验猪群的固定效应对妊娠天数的影响,并采用多性状重复力模型估计妊娠天数与其他繁殖性状的遗传参数(遗传力、重复力、遗传相关、表型相关)。【结果】大白母猪平均妊娠天数为116.08 d,经t检验分析与114 d差异显著(P<0.05)。胎次对妊娠天数有显著影响,且第1胎妊娠期显著短于第2胎(P<0.05);配种季节对妊娠天数有极显著影响(P<0.01),春季配种的母猪妊娠天数最短,秋季配种的母猪妊娠天数最长,相差0.73 d(P<0.05);与不同公猪个体配种后母猪的妊娠天数之间有显著差异(P<0.05),差异最大达3.05 d。妊娠天数遗传力为0.1603,与总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、死胎数及木乃伊数之间均呈现负表型和负遗传相关。【结...     

分娩胎次及季节对母猪繁殖性能的影响研究

为了研究胎次和分娩季节对大白母猪繁殖性能的影响,试验选取1~9胎共11 373头大白母猪46 533窝的生产资料,分别分析了不同分娩胎次和季节对大白母猪总产仔数、活仔数、健仔数等繁殖性状的影响。结果表明,分娩胎次及季节对大白母猪繁殖性能均有显著影响(P0.05);母猪总产仔数、活仔数和健仔数在1~3胎均呈现递增趋势,到第3胎最高,分别增加了0.56、0.58和0.74头;第3胎后,产仔性能呈逐步降低的趋势,至第9胎最低,分别降低了1.07、1.43和1.35头;第1胎的弱仔数和畸形数最高,第8胎的死胎数最高,而木乃伊数最低;在春季分娩的母猪总产仔数,活仔数和健仔数显著高于夏季和冬季(P0.05),冬季分娩的母猪弱仔数最多(P0.05),而冬季分娩的死胎数则最低。研究认为,大白母猪的最佳分娩胎次为第2~6胎,适宜的分娩季节为春季和夏季。     

胎次及配种季节对加系大约克种猪产仔性能的影响研究

试验选用浙江某种猪场2010-2013年出生的加系大约克种猪共4382窝的繁殖性能数据,统计分析不同胎次和配种季节对总产仔数、产活仔数、总死产数、畸形胎数、木乃伊胎数、死胎数和初生窝重的影响。结果表明:胎次对种猪产仔性能有极显著影响(P0.01),母猪1~6胎总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重随胎次增加而增加,第6胎达到最高峰,且显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)高于其他胎次;总死产数及死胎数则7~8胎极显著高于其他胎次(P0.01);但胎次对产畸形胎和木乃伊胎数影响不显著(P0.05)。配种季节对种猪产仔性能影响极显著(P0.01),冬季配种的总产仔数,产活仔数,初生窝重显著高于其他配种季节(P0.05);总死产数及死胎数极显著低于其他配种季节(P0.01);但冬季配种产木乃伊胎数极显著高于夏、秋两季(P0.01),显著高于春季(P0.05)。研究表明,加系大约克种猪的最佳产仔胎次为3~6胎,冬季配种的产仔性能明显高于其他配种季节。     

仔猪均匀度遗传参数估计及影响因素分析

本研究对仔猪均匀度遗传参数进行估计并对影响仔猪均匀度的固定效应(年份、配种季节及胎次)进行统计分析。旨在为育种工作提供仔猪均匀度遗传参数数据支持,了解非遗传因素对养猪生产的影响,为猪场生产管理提供参考。本研究对2 766窝纯种大白母猪产仔记录进行统计分析,利用动物模型REML(约束最大似然)法估计群体重要繁殖性状的遗传力及性状之间的遗传相关,并建立固定效应模型对仔猪均匀度影响因素进行最小二乘分析。结果表明:群体仔猪均匀度、总产仔数、产活仔数、产死仔数及初生窝重的遗传力分别为0.096、0.107、0.101、0.068、0.171;仔猪均匀度与总产仔数以及仔猪均匀度与产死仔数之间都存在正的遗传相关,遗传相关系数分别为0.205、0.157。固定效应方差分析表明,季节对仔猪均匀度影响显著(P=0.023 6);胎次与产仔数对仔猪均匀度影响极显著(P=0.001)。仔猪均匀度是可遗传的,其遗传力与产仔数遗传力相近。结合现代育种手段,制定合理的育种方案,仔猪均匀度是能够得到改良的。仔猪均匀度与总产仔数、产死仔数之间存在正的遗传相关。因此,育种工作中不能一味追求高产,应适当考虑仔猪均匀度,减少仔猪死亡率,最大限度的提高母猪年生产力。     

胎次、季节对淮南猪繁殖性能的影响

为了解不同胎次、季节对淮南猪繁殖性能的影响,对878头淮南猪2 131窝的繁殖记录进行统计分析。结果表明:随着母猪胎次的增加,淮南猪的产仔性能呈现先升高再稳定最后降低的趋势。在第4胎时,其总产仔数显著高于第1胎(P0.05),活仔数和健仔数显著高于第1胎与第7胎及7胎以上的母猪(P0.05)。在第5胎时,淮南猪的死胎数最多,显著高于1～3胎(P0.05)。在第6胎时淮南猪的木乃伊胎数最多,显著高于3、4、5、7胎及7胎以上(P0.05)。在配种季节方面,秋季配种时,其总产仔数、活仔数和健仔数最多,显著高于春季(P0.05)。在分娩季节方面,冬季分娩时,其总产仔数、活仔数和健仔数最多,显著高于秋季(P0.05)。研究表明,淮南猪在第2～6胎时繁殖性能较优,并且在秋季适宜配种,冬季适宜分娩。     

不同胎次、配种季节对丹系大白猪繁殖性能影响

以某国家生猪核心育种场丹系大白猪2 708窝产仔记录为基础数据,研究胎次及配种季节对丹系大白猪母猪妊娠时间、总产仔数、活仔数、健仔数的影响。结果表明：丹系大白猪母猪1胎时总产仔数、活仔数、健仔数均最低,妊娠时间最短;3胎时产仔数最高,4～8胎时仍维持良好水平。相关性分析显示,胎次与妊娠时间、总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。秋季配种的母猪总产仔数、活仔数、健仔数指标最佳。综上,在实际生产中,可考虑适当延长丹系大白猪母猪使用年限,并在制定配种计划时考虑季节因素。     

ESR和FSH-β基因多态性对大白猪繁殖性能的影响

为探讨雌激素受体基因(ESR)和卵泡刺激素β亚基基因(FSH-β)的多态性对大白猪繁殖性状的影响,本文采用PCR和PCR-RFLP技术检测大白母猪群的ESR和FSH-β基因多态性,并分析其对大白母猪总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数、死胎、木乃伊数和初生窝重等性状的影响。结果表明:ESR和FSH-β基因的优势基因均为B等位基因;对于初产母猪,ESR和FSH-β基因BB型比AA型在总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数性状上高0.06~1.14头(P0.05);对于经产母猪,ESR基因BB型比AA型总活仔数、健仔数分别高0.12头和0.07头(P0.05),FSH-β基因在总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数性状上AA型高于BB型0.04~0.24头(P0.05);合并基因型分析发现ESR和FSH-β基因的有利合并基因型在初产母猪为ABAA,经产母猪为BBAA;BBAA合并基因型在总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数性状上分别显著高于AAAA合并基因型2.03、1.75、1.65头(P0.05)。因此,ESR和FSH-β基因多态性与大白猪繁殖性状相关。     

Genetic Parameter Estimation and Affecting Factor Analysis of Reproduction Traits in Large White Sow

In this study,7 945 litter records from 2 904 Large White sows were used to determine the effect of parity,mating season and the classified gestation length on total number born (TNB),number born alive (NBA),number healthy birth (NHB),number weak birth (NWB),deform fetus,number born dead (NBD),mummy fetus and stillbirth. Genetic parameters and genetic correlation of the above reproduction traits were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure.The results indicated that the parity had non-significant effect on deform fetus (P=0.2619) and mummy fetus (P=0.4639),but had significant effect on other 7 reproduction traits (P <0.01).The effect of mating season on gestation length,NBA,NWB,mummy fetus,NBD and NHB were highly significant (P <0.01),while mating season effect on deform fetus was not significant (P=0.3993).Moreover,the effect of mating season on TNB and stillbirth were significant (P <0.05).Effect of different gestation length classification was significant on mummy fetus (P <0.05),and was highly significant on the other 7 traits (P <0.01).The gestation length got the highest heritability,at 0.34,while others below 0.2 as low heritability traits.There was a negative genetic correlation (r_g=-0.10) between gestation length and TNB,while a strong positive genetic correlation exists among TNB,NBA and NHB (r_g >0.80).The genetic correlation between gestation length and other reproductive traits was low,the highest one appears between gestation length and deform fetus reached -0.17.We concluded that the gestation length was medium heritability trait,it was influenced not only by environment factors (such as parity,mating season) but also reproductive traits like TNB,and gestation length could be used as an indirect indicator in pig production.     

大白猪哺乳期背膘损失对繁殖性能的影响

为了研究大白母猪哺乳期背膘损失对其繁殖性能的影响,试验选取大白母猪1 178头,统计6个胎次的总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、断奶窝重、断奶发情间隔、哺乳期背膘损失等性状,根据哺乳期的背膘损失情况将母猪分为6组：<0、0~1、1~2、3~4、5~6、>6 mm,以断奶窝重为协变量,利用最小二乘检验开展组间总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、断奶发情间隔等性状的差异显著性分析。结果显示,大白母猪6个胎次平均总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、断奶窝重、断奶发情间隔和哺乳期背膘损失分别为13.67头、11.51头、10.32头、65.90 kg、4.83 d和2.89 mm,大白母猪1~6胎产仔数在各组间存在显著差异（P<0.05）。综合全部6个胎次的结果可知,第4、5、6组间差异不显著（P>0.05）,但均显著高于第1、2、3组（P<0.05）;第4组总产仔数最高,达13.54头,比第1、2、3组分别高出1.90、2.29和1.63头（P<0.05）。虽然各胎次中各组间产活仔数和健仔数性状有时也出现显著差异,但综合分析6个胎次组间并未出现显著差异（P>0.05）。从断奶发情间隔性状来看,各组间均未出现显著差异（P>0.05）。结果表明,在大白猪生产中,将哺乳期母猪的背膘损失控制在3~4 mm可以获得更高的总产仔数。     

Genetic parameters for litter traits at different parities in purebred Landrace and Yorkshire pigs

Comparison of the multi‐trait animal model and the traditional repeatability model was carried out using data obtained from 6,424 Landrace and 20,835 Yorkshire sows farrowed from January 2000 to April 2018 in order to estimate genetic parameters for litter traits at different parities. Specifically, records of the total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), total number of mortality (MORT), number of stillborn (NSB) and number of mummified pigs (MUM) were used. Although results showed the heterogeneity of heritability for litter traits at different parities, the mean heritability estimates from the multi‐trait model were found to be higher than those of the repeatability model for all traits in both pig breeds. In terms of genetic correlation between parities, a slight difference in genetic control in the first parity was noted for TNB and NBA in Landrace and Yorkshire pigs. The correlation between the first parity and later parities ranged from 0.48 to 0.74 for TNB and NBA in both breeds. Moreover, genetic correlation between parities for MORT and NSB was observed to be high for parities higher than 2 in Yorkshire pigs. For MUM, genetic correlation between the first and other parities was generally low in both breeds, indicating that culling pigs on the basis of MUM at the first parity could probably be unreasonable. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the multi‐trait approach for litter size traits is useful for the accurate estimation of genetic parameters.     

Genome-wide association study of swine farrowing traits. Part I: Genetic and genomic parameter estimates

The primary objective of this study was to determine genetic and genomic parameters among swine (Sus scrofa) farrowing traits. Genetic parameters were obtained using MTDFREML. Genomic parameters were obtained using GENSEL. Genetic and residual variances obtained from MTDFREML were used as priors for the Bayes C analysis of GENSEL. Farrowing traits included total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), number born dead (NBD), number stillborn (NSB), number of mummies (MUM), litter birth weight (LBW), and average piglet birth weight (ABW). Statistically significant heritabilities included TNB (0.09, P = 0.048), NBA (0.09, P = 0.041), LBW (0.20, P = 0.002), and ABW (0.26, P < 0.0001). Statistically significant genetic correlations included TNB-NBA (0.97, P < 0.0001), TNB-LBW (0.74, P < 0.0001), NBA-LBW (0.56, P < 0.0017), NSB-LBW (0.87, P < 0.0395), and LBW-ABW (0.63, P < 0.0002). Genetic parameters are similar to others found in the literature. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genomic markers (GP) generated by GENSEL was TNB (0.04), NBA (0.06), NBD (0.00), NSB (0.01), MUM (0.00), LBW (0.11), and ABW (0.31). Limited information is available in the literature about genomic parameters. Only the GP estimate for NSB is significantly lower than what has been published. The GP estimate for ABW is greater than the estimate for heritability found in this study. Other traits with significant heritability had GP estimates half the value of heritability. This research indicates that significant genetic markers will be found for TNB, NBA, LBW, and ABW that will have either immediate use in industry or provide a roadmap to further research with fine mapping or sequencing of areas of significance. Furthermore, these results indicate that genomic selection implemented at an early age would have similar annual progress as traditional selection, and could be incorporated along with traditional selection procedures to improve genetic progress of litter traits.     

Selection potential of different prolificacy traits in the finnish landrace and large white populations

Heritabilities and genetic correlations for different prolificacy traits were estimated to assess possibilities of selection for high number of piglets weaned. Three litter-size traits: total number of piglets born (TNB), number of piglets born alive (NBA), number of piglets weaned (NW); four piglet survival traits: number of stillborn piglets (NSB), percent of stillborn piglets (NSB%), piglet mortality between birth and weaning (PM), percent of dead piglets during suckling (PM%); and three traits measuring time intervals: age at first farrowing (AFF), first farrowing interval (FFI), and gestation length (GL) were analysed. The Finnish national litter recording scheme provided data on the first parity litters of 11 329 Landrace and 8 362 Large White pigs born between 1986 and 2000. The heritabilitiy estimates were moderate for AFF and GL (0.24–0.37), and low for all the other traits (0.03–0.11). The genetic correlations between TNB and PM (0.68 in Landrace and 0.43 in Large White) and between NBA and PM (0.64 in Landrace and 0.31 in Large White) suggest that selection only for high TNB or NBA will lead to increased PM. The results showed further that GL will increase indirectly if the selection pressure is for low PM (r _g =?0.050 in Landrace and ?0.43 in Large White.     

陆川猪和大白猪LEPR基因对产仔数的效应分析

为了比较LEPR基因对猪产仔数效应大小,采用PCR-SSCP技术在陆川猪和大白猪群中进行了LEPR基因的基因型频率检测及不同基因型的总产仔数和产活仔数效应分析。结果表明,LEPR基因对陆川猪头胎和头4胎平均总产仔数（TNB）及产活仔数（NBA）影响差异显著(P<0.05),对大白猪头胎的总产仔数及产活仔数影响差异显著(P<0.05),而对大白猪头4胎平均总产仔数及产活仔数影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Estimation of genetic parameters for farrowing traits in purebred Landrace and Large White pigs

Genetic parameters were estimated for six reproductive traits related to farrowing events in Landrace and Large White pigs; total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), number stillborn (NSB), total litter weight at birth (LWB), mean litter weight at birth (MWB), and gestation length (GL). We analyzed 62,534 farrowing records for 10,637 Landrace dams and 49,817 farrowing records for 8,649 Large White dams. Estimated heritabilities of TNB, NBA, NSB, LWB, MWB, and GL by single‐trait repeatability model analyses were 0.12, 0.12, 0.08, 0.18, 0.19, and 0.29, respectively, in Landrace, and 0.12, 0.10, 0.08, 0.18, 0.16, and 0.34, respectively, in Large White. Genetic correlation between NBA and NSB was unfavorable: 0.20 in Landrace and 0.33 in Large White. Genetic correlations of GL with the other five traits were weak: from ?0.18 with NSB to ?0.03 with NBA in Landrace, and from ?0.22 with NSB to ?0.07 with NBA in Large White. LWB had a highly favorable genetic correlation with NBA (0.74 in both breeds), indicating the possibility of using LWB for the genetic improvement of NBA.     

Effect of candidate gene polymorphisms on reproductive traits in a Large White pig population

The objective of this study was to test for association of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with sow prolificacy reproductive traits, such as litter size, ovulation rate and lifetime performance, in gilts of a Large White pig population. Preliminary research on 25 animals selected from the high‐ and low‐performance groups of 347 animals with case‐control studies indicated that seven genes were associated with total number of piglets born (TNB). Six of the seven genes were associated with reproductive traits, including TNB, number of piglets born alive (NBA) and average weight of piglet weaning (AWW). A MBL2 SNP was significantly associated with TNB and NBA in first parity. A CFB SNP was associated with TNB in first parity. An ACE SNP was associated with TNB in first and second parities. An EGF polymorphism was associated with TNB, NBA and AWW in second parity. A KCNC2 polymorphism was significantly associated with TNB and NBA in second parity. A SLC22A5 SNP was associated with TNB and NBA in second parity. Six candidate SNPs were associated with TNB; the only exception was a PRKAG3 polymorphism. A candidate gene approach enables some of these polymorphisms to be used in genetic improvement programs based on marker‐assisted selection.     

大白猪和长白猪EPOR基因第4内含子多态性与繁殖性状的关联分析

本研究以大白猪和长白猪为研究对象,以促红细胞生成素受体（erythropoietin receptor,EPOR）基因作为产仔性状的候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP方法来检测EPOR基因第4内含子C＼T突变多态性,研究此位点多态性与猪繁殖性状之间的关联性。结果发现,在长白猪和大白猪中存在AA、AB和BB共3种基因型,在2个群体中处于中度多态。利用SAS 8.0软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,将不同基因型与总产仔数（TNB）、产活仔数（NBA）和初生重（WB）进行了关联分析,结果表明,长白猪初产母猪BB基因型个体的WB显著高于AB、AA基因型个体（P＜0.05）;经产母猪BB基因型个体的TNB显著高于AB基因型个体（P＜0.05）;B等位基因对初产母猪TNB、NBA和WB均表现为正效应。大白猪初产母猪BB基因型个体的TNB、NBA和WB都高于AA型和AB型个体,但差异均不显著（P＞0.05）;经产母猪AB基因型个体的WB显著高于AA基因型个体（P＜0.05）;B等位基因对初产母猪TNB、NBA和WB都表现为正效应。