B超在猪活体肌内脂肪含量测定中的应用

为了探索B超在猪活体肌内脂肪含量(IMF)估测中的应用价值及其应用于培育优质高产新品种(系)猪的可能性,对64头皮杜长大和17头皮杜长蓝四元杂交商品猪活体和胴体第10～11肋骨间背最长肌肉处的肌内脂肪含量进行了测定与比较分析。结果:猪胴体左侧第10～11肋骨间背最长肌肉的IMF活体测定值与屠宰后测定值的相关系数达到0.6以上,呈强相关;一元线性回归分析表明,2个商品配套系的IMF活体测定值与屠宰测定值间存在极显著的线性正相关(P<0.01)。说明应用B超进行活体肌内脂肪含量估测的方法可用于猪的选育种。     

从江香猪胴体及肉品质性状研究

为探究从江香猪胴体性状和肌内脂肪含量变化规律,通过测定117头从江香猪皮厚、10～11肋间背膘厚、眼肌深度、眼肌面积、背最长肌游离水分和肌内脂肪含量指标,分析性别和屠宰体重对各指标的影响及各性状间的相关关系。结果表明,性别对从江香猪10～11肋间背膘厚、眼肌深度和眼肌面积有显著影响(P<0.05),对游离水分和肌肉脂肪含量(IMF)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。随着屠宰体重的增加,除肌肉游离水分外,从江香猪各项测定性状均呈现出增加趋势,其中屠宰体重对10～11肋间背膘厚和眼肌面积有显著影响(P<0.05),对IMF含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合各项测定指标,从江香猪屠宰体重处于65～75kg阶段屠宰较优。IMF与游离水分呈现出强负相关关系(相关系数为-0.624),二个指标间回归曲线模型Y=594.93589-15.58725X+0.10251215X2,决定系数R2为0.8783,模型准确度较高。     

12月龄丹巴黄羊屠宰性能、肌肉品质及肌肉营养成分研究

旨在探讨丹巴黄羊的资源特性,试验选择了12月龄丹巴黄羊公、母羊各3只,屠宰并测定其屠宰性能、肌肉品质及肌肉营养成分等指标。结果表明:公、母羊宰前体重分别为25.83±1.04kg和18.50±2.29kg,屠宰率分别为45.18±0.78%和38.89±2.08%,净肉率分别为33.76±1.4%和28.59±1.99%,胴体产肉率分别为74.30±0.85%和74.08±0.65%;公羊的胴体长、胴体后腿围、胴体后腿长、腰部肌肉厚、后腿肉重、肩胛肉重和胸下肉重等指标显著高于母羊(P0.05),其他胴体体尺和胴体分割指标在公、母羊间差异不显著(P0.05);肌纤维特性、肌肉品质、肌肉营养成分、肌肉矿物质含量及其重金属含量等指标在公、母羊间的差异较小,公羊的a值显著高于母羊(P0.05);公、母羊肌肉中共检测到18种氨基酸,EAA/TAA分别为39.56±0.26%和39.48±0.66%,EAA/NEAA分别为65.45±0.71%和65.43±1.80%。     

鲁莱黑猪肌内脂肪含量、脂肪酸组成及其相关性状分析

本研究旨在对中国地方培育猪种鲁莱黑猪的肌内脂肪(Intramuscular fat,IMF)含量、脂肪酸组成及其相关性状进行研究,为全面了解鲁莱黑猪的种质特性提供基础数据。本研究测定了487头鲁莱黑猪胴体背膘厚、背最长肌游离水分、肌内脂肪含量和脂肪酸成分,分析了性别和体重对各指标的影响及各性状间的相关性。结果表明,鲁莱黑猪具有很强的肌内脂肪沉积能力,IMF含量平均高达5.25%,但群体内变异性较大(变异系数高达66.04%),需要进一步加强品种选育,提高群体的整齐性;除花生烯酸外,性别对其他被测性状均无显著影响(P0.05);屠宰体重对背膘厚有极显著影响(P0.01),对IMF含量有显著影响(P0.05),对水分及脂肪酸组成无显著影响(P0.05);各性状间,IMF与游离水分相关程度最高(相关系数为-0.86),二者间回归方程具有高的校正决定系数平方(0.929 4),可以作为利用肌肉中游离水分估测肌内脂肪含量的模型。另外,不同部位背膘厚之间,IMF含量与部分脂肪酸成分之间,各脂肪酸成分之间亦存在高度相关。本研究结果加深了对鲁莱黑猪肉质特性认识,为今后肉质选育工作提供数据支持。     

杜洛克猪不同胴体部位的肉质参数测定

试验测定了10头100kg杜洛克母猪不同胴体部位的肉质参数。结果提示，胴体部位对某些肉质参数有显著影响，与后腿肌肉相比，前肩肌肉系水力较好，肌纤维较细，肌内脂肪含量较高，剪切力值较低。     

B超活体预测二花脸猪肌内脂肪含量技术研究

为了在无损条件下建立B超活体预测二花脸猪肌内脂肪(intramuscular fat, IMF)含量的方法,以二花脸猪为研究对象,选取64头纯种二花脸猪的B超扫描图,记录预测背膘厚度UF,利用Adobe Photoshop CS6软件提取扫描区的平均灰度值N,眼肌轮廓平均灰度值H,第3条亮线最亮处平均灰度值L,并计算预测参数■;以实际测定IMF含量为因变量,X、N、UF、体重为自变量,运用逐步回归分析构建IMF含量预测模型;另选取30头二花脸猪的测定数据,分析预测IMF含量和实际含量之间的相关性以验证模型的准确性。结果显示:B超活体测量二花脸猪背膘厚与胴体测量背膘厚呈强相关系,两者之间的皮尔逊相关系数为0.872(P0.01),斯皮尔曼相关系数为0.822(P0.01);在IMF模型建立中,X、N、UF 3个参数指标均达到显著水平(P0.05),模型决定系数R~2=0.421,预测IMF含量与实际含量之间皮尔逊相关系数为0.642(P0.01),斯皮尔曼相关系数为0.594(P0.01)。结果表明:本研究建立的B超活体预测猪IMF含量方法准确性较高,可用于二花脸猪IMF含量预测,并为二花脸IMF性状选育提供有效的技术手段。     

草地藏系绵羊羊肉品质特性研究

对草地藏系绵羊羊肉的常规营养成分、总能、总糖、胆固醇、游离氨基酸、矿物质及羊肉嫩度进行了测定,并用分析了羊肉的可溶性蛋白含量及组分.研究结果表明草地藏系绵羊羊肉蛋白质含量高,脂肪含量适中,胆固醇含量低;游离氨基酸、矿物质含量丰富,肌肉细嫩;肌肉可溶性蛋白组分主要集中在分子量16.8 ku和96.8 ku之间.草地藏系绵羊肉质较好,具有较高的开发价值.     

样品冷冻前后对测定广东小耳花猪肌内脂肪含量的影响

<正>肌内脂肪(Intramuscular fat, IMF)是指沉积在肌肉内的肌纤维间与肌束间的脂肪,是影响猪肉品质诸多因素中的一个重要指标。IMF含量测定的传统检测方法主要是索氏抽提法。本试验采用NY/T821—2004规范的猪肌内脂肪含量测定方法(乙醚-氯仿抽提法),该方法测定时间要求"宜在猪停止呼吸的1～2 h内",即使用鲜样绞碎后进行测定。受试     

周岁白-藏羊与藏系绵羊屠宰性能及肉品质对比试验

本研究以白萨福克羊为父本,藏系绵羊为母本,通过白藏杂交提高产肉性能。在自然放牧条件下,经测定,12月龄白-藏羊活重比藏系绵羊高6.82%,差异显著(P0.05),胸围极显著大于藏羊(P0.01);胴体重提高12.36%,净肉重13.28%,净肉率提高6.02%,屠宰率提高7.50%,差异显著(P0.05);眼肌面积提高1.65%,差异不显著(P0.05);GR值差异极显著(P0.01);后腿肉重提高18.02%,胸下肉降低21.13%,颈肉重提高95.24%,差异均极显著(P0.01);腰肉提高4.08%,肋肉提高6.90%,肩胛肉重提高6.30%,差异显著(P0.05)。大腿肌肉厚提高58.54%,腰脂厚降低23.08%,差异均极显著(P0.01);背脂厚度、胴体长、胴体深、胴体胸深、胴体后腿长、胴体后腿宽、腰部肌肉厚均差异不显著(P0.05)。白-藏羊与藏系绵羊相比,剪切力、失水率、熟肉率差异均显著(P0.05)。     

绵羊FAM134B、PPARγ、HSL和FAS基因表达量及与肌内脂肪含量的关系

旨在探究FAM134B、PPARγ、FAS和HSL基因在绵羊肌肉发育过程中的组织表达规律及其与肌内脂肪(Intramuscular fat,IMF)含量的关系,以期为研究绵羊IMF沉积的分子调控机制奠定理论基础。试验选取2、4、5、6和12月龄敖汉细毛羊公羊各5只,屠宰,采集背最长肌和股二头肌测定其IMF含量,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测PPARγ、FAM134B、FAS和HSL基因在肌肉不同发育时期的mRNA表达量,并对基因表达量之间及表达量与IMF含量的关系进行分析。结果表明:(1)2~5月龄时,背最长肌和股二头肌的IMF含量均随着月龄的增加而增加;而5~12月龄时则基本保持不变;同月龄背最长肌IMF含量极显著高于股二头肌(P0.01)。(2)背最长肌中FAM134B表达量呈上升-下降趋势,6月龄最高(P0.01);股二头肌中FAM134B表达量呈先上升后稳定趋势。FAS基因在两部位肌肉中表达量均呈上升趋势。PPARγ基因在两部位肌肉中表达量均呈下降-上升趋势。HSL基因在两部位肌肉中表达量均呈下降-上升-下降趋势。同月龄目的基因表达量在两部位肌肉中均表现出明显的差异。(3)关联分析显示,两部位肌肉中FAM134B与FAS表达量均呈显著正相关(P0.05),与PPARγ、HSL表达量呈不同程度负相关。背最长肌中,FAM134B、FAS表达量与IMF含量呈极显著或显著正相关(P0.01,P0.05),PPARγ表达量与IMF含量显著负相关(P0.05);股二头肌中,FAM134B表达量与IMF含量显著正相关(P0.05)。综上,FAM134B、FAS可能会促进IMF的沉积,而PPARγ、HSL对IMF的沉积可能具有抑制作用;FAM134B可能通过刺激脂肪合成基因的表达,而抑制脂肪分解基因的表达来调控IMF的含量。结果可为进一步解析相关基因的功能和调控IMF沉积的分子机制提供参考。     

Study on Predicting Intramuscular Fat Content of Sheep Carcass Using Dual Energy X-ray

In order to study the value of application in determining the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and other nutrition with dual energy X-ray.Nineteen Mongolian sheep at 8 months of age were chosen to determine the IMF content by soxhlet extractor method and tissue components tester was used to determine the carcass bone density (BMD), fat content of carcass unit minerals (FBMC), the muscle content of carcass unit minerals (LBMC), fat content of the hind legs unit minerals(LFBMC) and hind legs muscle content unit minerals(LLBMC), and these indicators were analyzed by correlation analysis, path analysis and establishing regression equation.The results showed that FBMC had the most significant determinative effects on IMF, and the regression equation consisted of FBMC and IMF was greatly significant differences.Consequently, according to FBMC could predict the IMF in Mongolian sheep carcass.This study provided the necessary basis for the application of dual energy X-ray in the rapid evolution of meat quality.     

鲁西黄牛背截面指标为参数的胴体产肉率回归分析

７头商品鲁西牛胴体第１１肋后缘截面的客观测量值及相应的其它屠宰数据应用ＳＡＳ软件对胴体产肉率进行了回归分析,结果表明半胴体重、皮下脂肪厚、背眼肌面积、腔脂％组建的四元方程对后腿分割肉产率的预测力最大,其次是后躯分割肉产率、全部可食肉产率、主要分割肉产率对全部分割肉产率的预测力最小。眼肌面积是主要分割肉产率最重要的独立预测指标;腔脂％对全部分割肉产率、全部可食肉产率、后躯分割肉产率单独的预测作用最大     

肉碱棕榈酰转移酶基因在绵羊和山羊不同肌肉组织中的表达分析

采用实时荧光定量PCR方法比较分析了肉碱棕榈酰转移酶(carnitine palmitoyl transferase,CPT)基因在绵羊和山羊不同组织中的表达差异。研究结果表明,CPT1A mRNA在绵羊肝脏、脾脏中表达明显高于CPT1B、CPT2,CPT1B mRNA在绵羊腹外斜肌中的表达明显高于CPT1A、CPT2。CPT1A mRNA在山羊脾脏中表达明显高于CPT1B、CPT2 mRNA在山羊脾脏中的表达,CPT1B mRNA在山羊后腿股二头肌、腹外斜肌中的表达明显高于CPT1A、CPT2 mRNA在山羊后腿股二头肌中的表达。CPT1A mRNA在绵羊肝脏中的表达显著高于山羊中CPT1A mRNA的表达(P＜0.05)。CPT1A、CPT1B、CPT2基因在绵羊心脏、脾脏、腰大肌中的表达显著高于在山羊中的表达(P＜0.05),CPT1A、CPT1B、CPT2基因在山羊后腿股二头肌中的表达显著高于在绵羊中的表达(P＜0.05)。CPT1A、CPT1B、CPT2基因在绵羊、山羊各组织中的表达存在差异,可能与各基因表达模式、肌肉组织纤维类型、脂肪沉积含量不同等因素有关。     

Effect of breed-type on carcass weight and composition in sheep

The relative rate of increase in the carcass and its tissues with increasing empty body weight (EBW) or carcass weight respectively, was studied in male sheep from the Dorset Horn (29), Hampshire (21) and Sudan Desert sheep (31). The rate at which the carcass, muscle and bone increased in weight was the same in all breeds but the Desert sheep deposited fat at a slower rate than the other 2 breeds. At an equally adjusted EBW the Desert sheep had lighter carcasses than the Dorset Horn or Hampshire sheep. Desert sheep had more bone than the other 2 breeds at an equally adjusted cold carcass weight or muscle plus bone weight. At an equally adjusted total carcass fat weight the Desert sheep had significant (P < 0.01) more intermuscular and internal fat but less subcutaneous fat than the other 2 breeds. Future improvement plans of the Desert sheep may be directed towards reducing bone and increasing muscle content of the carcass.     

Practical means for estimating pork carcass composition

Three hundred sixty-one market-weight barrow and gilt carcasses were physically dissected into bone, skin, fat and muscle. A three-variable multiple linear regression equation containing the same independent variables (warm carcass weight, 10th rib loin muscle area and 10th rib fat depth) used (U.S.) to determine pork carcass lean weight was found to be the most practical means for predicting weight of muscle standardized to 10% fat. Multiple linear regression equations containing more than three independent variables produced only slight improvements in R2 values; however, the standard deviation about the regression line was not greatly improved by the addition of more independent variables to this three-independent-variable regression model. A single multiple linear regression equation using the three independent variables above may not be adequate to describe variation over the entire live-weight range for all hogs marketed in the U.S. For most accurate muscle weight prediction, different equations should be used for weight subclasses with one equation for carcasses under 100 kg and another for those heavier than 100 kg. A single prediction equation for muscle weight was adequate for carcasses of both barrows and gilts.     

Effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on growth performance,carcass trait,meat quality,and plasma metabolites in pigs of different genotypes

Background:The protein/energy ratio is important for the production performance and utilization of available feed resources by animals.Increased protein consumption by mammals leads to elevated feed costs and increased nitrogen release into the environment.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on the growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality,and plasma metabolites of pigs of different genotypes.Methods:Bama mini-pigs and Landrace pigs were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups(Chinese conventional diet with low protein/energy ratio or National Research Council diet with high protein/energy ratio;n = 24 per treatment) in a 2x2 factorial arrangement.Blood and muscle samples were collected at the end of the nursery,growing,and finishing phases.Results:We observed significant interactions(P 0.05) between breed and diet for total fat percentage,intramuscular fat(IMF) content,protein content in biceps femoris(BF) muscle,and plasma urea nitrogen(UN) concentration in the nursery phase;for average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),dry matter,IMF content in psoas major(PM) muscle,and plasma total protein and albumin concentrations in the growing phase;and for drip loss and plasma UN concentration in the finishing phase.Breed influenced(P 0.05) growth performance,carcass traits,and meat quality,but not plasma metabolites.Throughout the trial,Landrace pigs showed significantly higher(P 0.05) ADG,ADFI,dressing percentage,lean mass rate,and loin-eye area than did Bama mini-pigs,but significantly lower(P 0.05)feed/gain ratio,fat percentage,backfat thickness,and IMF content.Dietary protein/energy ratio influenced the pH value,chemical composition of BF and PM muscles,and plasma activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,and plasma concentration of UN.Conclusions:Compared with Landrace pigs,Bama mini-pigs showed slower growth and lower carcass performance,but had better meat quality.Moreover,unlike Landrace pigs,the dietary protein/energy ratio did not affect the growth performance of Bama mini-pigs.These results suggest that,in swine production,low dietary protein/energy ratio may be useful for reducing feed costs and minimizing the adverse effects of ammonia release into the environment.     

兰州大尾羊、蒙古羊和陶寒杂交羊血液生化指标和肉品质分析

本试验以蒙古羊、兰州大尾羊和陶寒杂交羊(无角陶赛特作为父本、小尾寒羊为母本的杂交F1代)为研究对象,每个群体选择3只3月龄去势公羔,集中饲喂至12月龄,对其血液生化指标及肉品质进行测定与分析。结果显示:陶寒杂交羊的白蛋白(ALB)含量和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量低于兰州大尾羊和蒙古羊(P<0.05),但葡萄糖(GLU)含量和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量高于二者(P<0.05);陶寒杂交羊的熟肉率低于兰州大尾羊和蒙古羊(P<0.05),但剪切力高于二者(P<0.05);蒙古羊的大理石纹高于兰州大尾羊和陶寒杂交羊(P<0.05);兰州大尾羊的眼肌面积高于蒙古羊和陶寒杂交羊(P<0.05);相关性分析显示,兰州大尾羊的GLU含量与熟肉率呈显著正相关(P<0.05);陶寒杂交羊的GLU含量与pH45min呈显著负相关(P<0.05),LDL含量与熟肉率呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。本文研究表明,兰州大尾羊具有很大的产肉力优势,蒙古羊肉质口感好,两者肝脏合成血清白蛋白能力较强,从而有助于这2个品种形成较强生活力和耐寒耐旱的生物学特性;陶寒杂交羊的肌肉嫩度小,但对脂肪沉积能力较强。     

仙湖肉鸭B系肌内脂肪含量与屠体性能关系研究

本研究对仙湖肉鸭B系的肌内脂肪含量与屠体性状关系进行分析.结果表明:公鸭活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重与肌内脂肪含量均表现为中等正相关,其中半净膛重与肌内脂肪含量的相关关系达到显著水平(P<0.05),胸肌重、腿肌重、皮脂重、皮脂率均与肌内脂肪含量呈弱的正相关,相关关系不显著;母鸭腹脂重、腹脂率与肌内脂肪含量的相关系...     

Muscle metabolism and real-time ultrasound measurement of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue growth in lambs fed diets containing a beta-agonist

Rambouillet X Finn crossbred wether lambs were evaluated for differences in longissimus muscle cross-sectional area and overlaying subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness resulting from the use of the beta-agonist clenbuterol. Treatment groups received 0 and 2 ppm clenbuterol in the diet for approximately 40 d prior to slaughter. Longissimus muscle cross-sectional area and fat depth over the 12th-13th rib juncture were measured by real-time ultrasound before and during administration of the compound. At slaughter, muscle metabolism in vitro and carcass characteristics were measured. Based on comparisons with an initial-kill group of sheep, longissimus muscle cross-sectional area increased in control sheep by 12% (P greater than .05) over the 40-d experimental period, and increased in clenbuterol-fed sheep by 48% (P less than .05). Conversely, subcutaneous fat thickness increased significantly in the control sheep (88%) during this period, but was unchanged in the clenbuterol-fed animals. Warner-Bratzler shear force values of cooked longissimus samples from clenbuterol-fed sheep were significantly greater than shear force values in cooked samples from control lambs; this was not correlated with the extractable neutral lipid content of the muscle. Simple linear regression between ultrasound and carcass measurements of longissimus muscle cross-sectional area and subcutaneous fat thickness yielded correlation coefficients of .80 and .64, respectively. A significantly greater amount of net glycogen synthesis from [U-14C]glucose was observed in longissimus muscle strips from clenbuterol-fed animals than in muscle strips from control sheep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Comparison of growth performances,carcass characteristics,and meat qualities of Okinawan indigenous Agu pigs and crossbred pigs sired by Agu or Duroc boar

Indigenous Okinawa Agu pigs are crossed with Large White × Landrace (WL) pigs to improve their meat production, but there is little information regarding the crossbreeding effects. The study aims to compare growth, carcass characteristics, and meat qualities of Agu pigs with those of WL crossbreeds with Agu sires (WLA) or Duroc sires (WLD). WLA pigs showed better growth performance and carcass characteristics and less intramuscular fat (IMF) contents than Agu ones, but they had higher fat deposition, smaller longissimus dorsi muscle area, and higher IMF contents than WLD pigs. Agu pigs showed higher water holding capacity than the other two breeds. The inner layer of Agu backfat contains higher and lower proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), respectively, than that in WLD animals. WLA animals had intermediate values for the fatty acid content in the inner backfat, although MUFA contents were equal to those of Agu pigs. Fatty acid profiles in IMF were similar to those in the backfat. These results indicate that crossbreeding of Agu with WL pigs improves growth performance and carcass quality. Particularly, WLA pigs have higher IMF contents and MUFA concentrations and lower PUFA concentrations than WLD pigs.