Study on Identification of Xinjiang Brown Cattle Inbred Group

This study was aimed to detect the genetic similarity and groups homozygosity of Xinjiang Brown cattle inbred group.Use 13 pairs of microsatellite primers to structure of genetics in the comparative analysis by the two Xinjiang Brown cattle over 40 years completely closed breeding out 55 Xinjiang Brown cattles group and 25 Xinjiang Brown cattles in control group,in order to carry out the identification of inbred groups.For Xinjiang Brown inbred group,the homozygosity was 0.9064,the polymorphism information content was 0.0873,it was found that the groups had a low polymorphism;The homozygosity was 0.4647,and polymorphic information content was 0.4882 in Xinjiang Brown cow of control group.According to the coat color of the inbreeding groups was divided into four subgroups A,B,C and D.The genetic purity of each subgroup were 0.9029,0.9632,0.9208 and 0.9551.The results showed that the detection of Xinjiang Brown cattle inbred group had higher homozygosity and lower heterozygosity,had became a high genetic purity of inbreeding group.The closure of Xinjiang Brown cattle inbred group was rare breeds of cattle,and was valuable genetic resources.     

不同褐牛品种杂交新疆褐牛效果的研究

试验旨在探究不同杂交新疆褐牛在伊犁地区规模养殖场的生长性能,分析和比较了12、24月龄杂交美×新褐牛F1 (MHF1)、杂交美×新褐牛F2 (MHF2)、杂交德×新褐牛F1 (DHF1)及新疆褐牛（XH）各体尺指标的差异。结果显示,12月龄时,DHF1体高显著高于XH (P<0.05),体斜长、体重显著高于其余3组（P<0.05）,胸围显著高于XH、MHF1;MHF1、MHF2、DHF1管围均显著高于XH (P<0.05)。24月龄时,MHF1、MHF2、DHF1的体高、体斜长、胸围、体重均显著高于XH (P<0.05),MHF2的体高、体斜长、胸围、体重均显著高于DHF1及XH (P<0.05)。研究表明,美国瑞士褐牛与德国褐牛与新疆褐牛杂交可提高新疆褐牛生长发育水平,12月龄的德系褐牛杂交后代生长发育情况优于美系褐牛,但在24月龄美系杂交二代褐牛生长发育情况均显著高于德系杂交褐牛。     

新疆褐牛初生重遗传参数估计

犊牛初生重是牛育种目标性状中不可或缺的一部分,对生长发育和泌乳性能都有一定的影响。本文整理了乌鲁木齐种牛场新疆褐牛繁育中心2010-2015年新疆褐牛犊牛初生重共计8090条相关记录（其中公犊398头,母犊411头）,利用SAS8.1统计软件的GLM过程对影响新疆褐牛犊牛初生重的固定效应进行分析,利用DMU软件的DMUAI模块估计了新疆褐牛初生重遗传参数。结果表明,产犊年份、产犊季节、犊牛性别和出生类型对新疆褐牛初生重有显著性影响（P<0.05）;而胎次对新疆褐牛犊牛初生重没有显著性影响（P>0.05）,新疆褐牛犊牛初生重的直接遗传力为0.38,母体遗传力为0.21,属于中等遗传力。该结果为今后新疆褐牛综合选择指数的制定及遗传改良提供了理论依据。     

新疆褐牛与美新褐牛生长性能比较分析研究

[目的]旨在为今后新疆褐牛品质选育提高工作奠定基础.[方法]通过对伊犁新褐种牛场和伊犁尼勒克县牧强新疆褐牛种畜场的牛群进行体型外貌鉴定,测定1～10岁纯种新疆褐牛和美国瑞士褐牛冻精冷配改良后代母牛关新F1、F2代的生长性能指标,对数据进行统计分析.[结果]显示,美新F1、F2代不同生长阶段各生长性能指标均显著（P＜0.05）或P＜0.05的高于纯种新疆褐牛.[结论]美国瑞士褐牛优良基因对提高新疆褐牛体尺和体重等指标效果显著.     

新疆褐牛及其肉用类型群体选育进展

新疆褐牛是以新疆地方品种牛哈萨克牛为母本,经过多品种杂交,历经数十年选育形成的乳肉兼用牛品种。随着时代的不断发展和人民对于农产品的消费亲睐,综合考虑新疆肉牛优势产区的生态环境、生产条件和接受程度,确定了新疆褐牛的选育方向和技术路线。该文主要从新疆褐牛品种培育历程、选育方向确定和肉用类型群体选育技术与进展方面进行阐述,旨在推动品种改良和品种形成,为其他肉牛新品种选育提供借鉴。     

新疆褐牛的现状与前景

1新疆褐牛概况 新疆褐牛是我国于1983年育成的乳肉兼用牛.本品种是以前苏联、奥地利、西德等国外引入的瑞士褐牛、阿拉托乌牛、科斯特罗姆等种牛为父本对本地黄牛进行3代以上杂交改良,经长期选种选配,培育而成.其毛色为褐色,深浅不一,体型较大,体质结实健壮,遗传性能稳定,生产性能较高,耐粗饲,抗寒、抗病力强,适应山地、草原放牧,在新疆地区分布广泛.     

新疆褐牛

<正>新疆褐牛属于乳肉兼用品种,主产于新疆伊犁和塔城地区。早在1935～1936年间,伊犁和塔城地区就曾引用瑞士褐牛与当地哈萨克牛杂交。1951～1956年间,又先后从原苏联引进几批含有瑞士褐牛血统的     

新疆褐牛犊牛饲养管理

小牛在出生到断奶这段时期称为犊牛。犊牛饲养管理的好坏是提高犊牛成活率的关键。也将直接影响它未来的生产性能。因此，犊牛饲养是奶牛饲养的重要环节．是将来培育高产母牛的坚实基础。     

新疆褐牛体重生长曲线的研究

试验旨在对新疆褐牛体尺指标进行分析,研究其生长发育规律并揭示各性状间的相互关系。选取2010～2015年间伊犁昭苏地区8～20月龄新疆褐牛公牛,共计2 794头,测定其体重、体高、体斜长、胸围及管围指标数据,绘制生长发育曲线,并对新疆褐牛2010～2015年体尺测定数据进行相关性回归分析及验证。结果表明,新疆褐牛公牛的体长在14～15月龄间增长较快;体重与所测4项体尺指标间均呈正相关关系,且均为极显著（P<0.01）,其中与胸围相关性系数最高（r=0.796）,与体长的相关性系数最低（r=0.163）;获得新疆褐牛公牛体重回归预测方程：Y=-564.607-0.174X₁+2.441X₂+3.497X₃-1.086X₄,经过验证回归方程具有统计学意义,为新疆褐牛的选育提供数据基础。     

Study on Body Weight Growth Curve in Xinjiang Brown Cattle

The experiment was designed to investigate growth and development pattern and reveal the correlation of each traits of Xinjiang Brown cattle according to analysis body index data.2 794 Xinjiang Brown bulls were selected to measure body index and draw the growth curve of body weight during year 2010 to 2015 in Yili Zhaosu region.The body index was composed by body weight,body height,body length,chest circumference and canon circumference.All measured data were analyzed and validated underwent correlation and regression analysis.The results showed that body length of Xinjiang Brown bulls were grow fastely at the age 14 to 15 months;Body weight was extremely significantly positive correlated with other four measured body index (P<0.01).Of them,the correlation coefficient with chest circumference was the highest (r=0.796),and the lowest was with body length (r=0.163).The body weight regression estimate formula of Xinjiang Brown bulls was Y=-564.607-0.174X₁+2.441X₂+3.497X₃-1.086X₄,and the validation result implied this formula was statistical significance.Our work offers a good data basic for genetics selection and breeding of Xinjiang Brown cattle.     

美国瑞士褐牛与新疆褐牛杂交后代生长及产奶性能分析

为了提高新疆褐牛的生产性能,引进美国瑞士褐牛冻精进行了杂交试验.本试验对美×新褐牛F1、F2代生长发育和产奶性能多项指标进行了测定和分析.统计结果表明,F1、F2代在保持了新疆褐牛原有的高乳脂率、耐粗饲、适应性强的基础上,胸围、体长和产奶性能都有明显的提高,特别是产奶牛体型趋向于修长的三角型,F2代表现的产奶量增长十分显著,说明在全舍饲条件下通过引进冻精导入美国褐牛遗传物质,是提高新疆褐牛产奶性能的有效途径.     

新疆褐牛产奶性状变化规律的研究

本研究通过对2017年478头新疆褐牛累计8879条产奶性能数据进行分析,研究了不同月份、胎次下新疆褐牛产奶性状的变化规律。结果表明,新疆褐牛不同胎次和月份间的平均日产奶量有差异,第2胎次的平均日产奶量最高,夏季(6、7、8月份)平均日产奶量在一年中最高,冬季(1、2、12月份)最低。胎次对乳成分影响不显著(P>0.05),不同测定月份乳成分间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。7月份乳脂率、干物质比例和尿素氮含量最低,但是体细胞评分在四个测定月份中最高。本研究结果表明管理水平对新疆褐牛产奶性能有很大影响,建议加强管理,夏季提高营养水平,冬季注意改善畜舍环境。     

伊犁河谷新疆褐牛隐孢子虫感染情况调查

为了解伊犁河谷区域新疆褐牛隐孢子虫病流行情况,从该地区的伊宁市和察布查尔锡伯自治县的4个养殖场采集356份粪便样品,提取基因组DNA,以隐孢子虫小亚基核糖体DNA(SSU rDNA)为靶基因,进行套式PCR扩增,并对阳性样品进行序列分析.结果显示:伊宁市和察布查尔锡伯自治县各有1个养殖场的新疆褐牛发现隐孢子虫感染,总的...     

新疆褐牛与荷斯坦牛犊牛死亡率的影响因素分析

犊牛的健康状况关系到整个牛群的质量,降低犊牛的死亡率对提高牧场的效益具有十分重要的意义。为了掌握犊牛死亡率及影响犊牛死亡的因素,试验采取实地调查与资料分析相结合的方法,对新疆褐牛犊牛及荷斯坦牛犊牛死亡率进行了分析,通过Excel对某牛场近16年的7 157条产犊记录进行初步统计,根据新疆的气候特点划分季节,3~5月为春季,6~8月为夏季,9~11月为秋季,12~次年2月为冬季;品种为新疆褐牛犊牛和荷斯坦牛犊牛,年份从1999年到2014年分为16个水平,出生犊牛性别划分为公、母2个水平。利用SAS 8.1软件分析不同年份、品种、出生季节、犊牛性别及不同月龄等因素对新疆褐牛与荷斯坦牛犊牛死亡率的影响,结果表明,品种、年份、产犊季节和犊牛性别对新疆褐牛及荷斯坦牛犊牛死亡率有不同程度的影响,新疆褐牛的犊牛死亡率显著高于荷斯坦牛（P＜0.05）,1月龄时,新疆褐牛的犊牛死亡率显著高于荷斯坦牛（P＜0.05）;2006、2009、2010年的犊牛死亡率显著高于其他年份（P＜0.05）,在2011~2014年,犊牛的死亡率相对较少;冬季的死亡率显著高于夏季（P＜0.05）。降低犊牛的死亡率是牛群繁育过程中一个不可忽略的问题。犊牛的死亡率受到遗传和环境因素的共同影响,只有将各种环境因素给予合理控制,才能提高犊牛的健康水平。     

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Mortality Rates of Xinjiang Brown Cattle and Holstein Cattle Calves

Calves health were related to the quality of entire herd,reducing the mortality rate of calves had important significance to improve the efficiency of pasture. In order to better understand the mortality rate and influencing factors on calves death,the combined methods of field survey and data analysis were adopted to analyze the mortality rate of Xinjiang Brown calves and Holstein calves. Based on the 7 157 calves records of a cattle farm in nearly 16 years, preliminary statistical analysis were taken on these data in Excel. According to the characteristics of Xinjiang climate, the seasons was divided into four parts that from March to May was spring, June to August was summer, September to November was autumn, and December to next year February was winter. Varieties of breeds were the Xinjiang Brown calves and Holstein calves, the years of birth from 1999 to 2014 was divided into 16 levels, the sex of born calves were divided into 2 levels that males and females. The effects of different years, breeds, seasons of birth, sex of calves, and different ages on the mortality rate of Xinjiang Brown calves were analyzed using SAS 8.1 software. The results showed that different breeds, years, seasons of birth, and sex of calves affected the mortality rate of Xinjiang Brown calves with different extent,the mortality rate of Xinjiang Brown calves was higher than Holstein calves (P <0.05);At one month old, the mortality rate of Xinjiang Brown calves was higher than Holstein calves (P <0.05);The mortality rate in 2006, 2009 and 2010 were higher than other years (P <0.05), the calf mortality rate was relatively small from 2011 to 2014;The mortality rate of winter seasons was higher than summer (P <0.05). To reduce the mortality rate of calves was a problem that could not be ignored in the process of cattle breeding. The calves mortality rate was affected by genetic and environmental factors, only by controlling the various environmental factors with reasonable ways, could improve the health level of calves.     

Study on Expression of CD46 Gene in Different Tissues of Xinjiang Brown Cattle

In order to study the differences of CD46 gene expression in different tissues of Xinjiang Brown cattle and preliminarily master the expression regular pattern in different tissues, specific primers was designed in this study, and Real-time quantitative PCR technique was used to analyze the expression of CD46 gene in different tissues of Xinjiang Brown cattle like heart,liver,spleen,lung, kidney,small intestine,large intestine,stomach,muscle,ovarian and breast, respectively.The results showed that CD46 gene was expressed in all 11 samples of Xinjiang Brown cattle,and the expression in the liver was the highest, which was significantly higher than in lung,spleen,kidney, stomach,small intestine, large intestine, ovarian and breast (P< 0.05).By analyzing the results of CD46 gene expression in tissues of Xinjiang Brown cattle could provide information for studying the CD46 gene expression regulation pattern and biological function.