贵州省猪源沙门氏菌对β-内酰胺类药耐药性及耐药基因分析

为了解贵州省猪源沙门氏菌对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物耐药性及其耐药基因的流行情况,本试验从贵州省9个地区规模养猪场中分离鉴定130株沙门氏菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定其对常用的8种β-内酰胺类抗菌药物的敏感性,并用PCR法对β-内酰胺酶耐药基因进行检测。结果显示,沙门氏菌对常用的β-内酰胺类抗菌药物耐药性十分严重,其中对头孢他啶的耐药率为100%,其次是氨苄西林和阿莫西林,耐药率分别为80.77%和76.15%,耐药率最低的是头孢噻呋和头孢氨苄,均为46.15%。所有菌株均为多重耐药,其中最少为二重,占总数的2.31%,最多为八重,占总数的4.62%,多重耐药主要集中在四至七重,占总数的88.46%。PCR结果显示,SHV耐药基因未检出,TEM、OXA、CTX-M 3种基因检出率分别是85%、75%和46%,细菌的耐药性与相关耐药基因的检出率基本呈正相关。结果表明,猪源沙门氏菌对β-内酰胺类药物具有普遍耐药性,其中头孢他啶尤为严重。TEM、OXA、CTX-M基因是贵州省猪源沙门氏菌主要耐药基因,临床日益严重的耐药现象与耐药基因的普遍存在有很大的关系。     

兔源大肠杆菌耐药性检测与分析

采用K-B法对89株兔源大肠杆菌进行了8种β-内酰胺类药物的药敏实验,采用普通PCR法检测全部菌株的ESBLs酶基因和多重PCR法检测AmpC酶基因。结果显示,山东省部分规模化兔场分离的大肠杆菌除对头孢噻肟(CTX)和头孢哌酮(CFP)的耐药率为0之外,对头孢呋辛(CXM)、青霉素G(PEN)、氨苄西林(AMP)、头孢曲松(CRO)、哌拉西林(PIP)的耐药率分别为30.33%、70.79%、65.17%、17.98%和12.36%;耐药基因检测结果显示,89株大肠杆菌中有38株未检出β-内酰胺类药物的耐药基因,占所检菌株的42.70%;44株仅携带一种耐药基因(23株携带产ESBLs酶基因,占25.84%;21株携带产AmpC酶基因,占23.60%);4株携带产ESBLs酶2种基因;2株同时携带产ESBLs酶和AmpC酶3种耐药基因,仅1株同时携带产ESBLs酶和AmpC酶4种耐药基因。结果提示兔源大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类耐药未产生较为广泛的耐药性。     

规模化猪场大肠杆菌β-内酰胺类药物耐药性检测及其超广谱β-内酰胺酶调查

为阐明我国规模化猪场大肠杆菌(E.coli)对抗菌药物的耐药现状和耐药机制,本研究于2006年2月至2008年12月从19个省市97个规模化猪场分离鉴定602株E.coli,进行了4大类16种抗菌药物耐药性检测和产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株的筛选,采用PCR方法检测了9种常见β-内酰胺酶耐药基因,对产ESLBs菌株进行了脉冲电场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分析.结果显示:E.coli分离株对抗菌药物产生了不同程度的耐药性,602株E.coli中共有57株产ESBLs,产ESBLs菌株普遍耐受第二及第三代头孢药物.分别有35株和20株E.coli为blaCTX-M型和blaSHv型ESBLs,尚未发现blaOXA型和blaKPC型.PFGE结果显示,产ESBLs菌株间同源性低,推测我国猪源E.coli产ESBLs多为零星发生或以质粒介导的形式传播.本研究为了解我国猪源E.coli对β-内酰胺类药物的耐药现状和ESBLs变化趋势提供了实验依据.     

贵州省猪源沙门氏菌对β-内酰胺类药耐药性及耐药基因分析

为了解贵州省猪源沙门氏菌对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物耐药性及其耐药基因的流行情况,本试验从贵州省9个地区规模养猪场中分离鉴定130株沙门氏菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定其对常用的8种β-内酰胺类抗菌药物的敏感性,并用PCR法对β-内酰胺酶耐药基因进行检测。结果显示,沙门氏菌对常用的β-内酰胺类抗菌药物耐药性十分严重,其中对头孢他啶的耐药率为100%,其次是氨苄西林和阿莫西林,耐药率分别为80.77%和76.15%,耐药率最低的是头孢噻呋和头孢氨苄,均为46.15%。所有菌株均为多重耐药,其中最少为二重,占总数的2.31%,最多为八重,占总数的4.62%,多重耐药主要集中在四至七重,占总数的88.46%。PCR结果显示,SHV耐药基因未检出,TEM、OXA、CTX-M 3种基因检出率分别是85%、75%和46%,细菌的耐药性与相关耐药基因的检出率基本呈正相关。结果表明,猪源沙门氏菌对β-内酰胺类药物具有普遍耐药性,其中头孢他啶尤为严重。TEM、OXA、CTX-M基因是贵州省猪源沙门氏菌主要耐药基因,临床日益严重的耐药现象与耐药基因的普遍存在有很大的关系。     

蒲公英水煎液对犊牛源多重耐药大肠杆菌耐药性的消除作用

为了了解内蒙古地区腹泻犊牛中大肠杆菌的污染状况、耐药情况及蒲公英水煎液对多重耐药大肠杆菌耐药性的消除作用。本试验采用革兰染色、生化试验和PCR方法对采集到的107份犊牛源病料进行大肠杆菌的分离和鉴定,采用K-B法检测分离菌株对18种抗菌药物的敏感性,采用PCR方法进行8种耐药基因的检测,采用琼脂稀释法测定蒲公英水煎液对分离菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),通过将菌株与蒲公英水煎液作用后进行耐药消除试验。结果显示,从107份病料中分离鉴定出44株犊牛源大肠杆菌,分离率为41%;大肠杆菌分离株对氨苄西林、头孢噻吩、头孢噻肟、环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星5种抗菌药物的耐药率均达到50%以上;β-内酰胺类耐药基因中bla_CTX-M基因携带率为86%,喹诺酮类耐药基因中qnr(S)基因携带率为32%;蒲公英水煎液对筛选出的耐药菌株的MIC为200 mg/mL;经蒲公英水煎液处理后的大肠杆菌对抗菌药物的敏感性增强,而且更不容易出现耐药。结果表明,内蒙古地区腹泻犊牛中大肠杆菌的耐药情况严重,而蒲公英水煎液对大肠杆菌的多重耐药有一定的消除作用,可降低临床应用抗菌药物的耐药性,增加临床疗效,本...     

贵州部分地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药性分析及ESBLs基因型检测

为了解贵州地区规模养猪场大肠杆菌菌株耐药情况和ESBLs基因型的流行情况,试验采用CLSI推荐的方法对采自贵州省4个地区规模养猪场的164株大肠杆菌进行药物敏感性试验和产ESBLs菌的检测,并用PCR方法对TEM、SHV、OXA-1和CTX-M-1 4种常见ESBLs基因进行检测。结果显示,164株大肠杆菌对10种常用抗菌药物耐药率分别是头孢噻呋93.29%、氨苄西林87.19%、四环素86.59%、庆大霉素81.10%、链霉素53.66%、多黏菌素51.83%、环丙沙星53.05%、卡那霉素47.56%、金霉素34.76%和氟苯尼考21.95%,且大多为多重耐药,其中检测出ESBLs阳性菌株137株,阳性率为83.54%,各个地区的检出率不同;137株产ESBLs大肠杆菌中,TEM、SHV、OXA-1和CTX-M-1基因的检出率分别为90.51%、70.07%、51.82%和43.07%,且多为复合基因型耐药菌株,各地区的各种基因检出率不同。试验结果表明,贵州部分地区的猪源大肠杆菌耐药现象严重,ESBLs菌株的检出率很高,耐药基因的检出率也极高,且多为复合基因型耐药菌株,应加强当地产酶耐药菌的监测和研究,有效防制此类细菌引发的疾病。     

陕西地区羊源致病性大肠杆菌耐药性分析与毒力基因检测

旨在了解陕西省部分地区腹泻羊源致病性大肠杆菌(E. coli)耐药性及毒力基因携带情况,本研究从10个养殖场采集54份腹泻羊拭子样品,经分离纯化、生化鉴定及16S rRNA基因序列分析,共分离得到50株E. coli,对分离菌进行药敏试验、耐药基因及毒力基因检测。结果显示,分离菌对氨苄西林、氟苯尼考和磺胺异噁唑耐药率达90%以上,且98%(49/50)为多重耐药菌,对8~11种抗生素耐药的菌株占68%(34/50),仅对美罗培南敏感。所有菌株均携带1~6种不同的耐药基因,其中,Sul1(64%)、TetA(34%)、bla_CTX-M(32%)携带率较高,未检测到bla_SHV。有5株产ESBLs的E. coli携带mcr-1耐药基因。毒力基因检测结果显示,98%(49/50)的菌株携带毒力基因,其中,etrA检出率最高,为80%(40/50)。综上表明,陕西省羊源E. coli多重耐药情况严峻,β-内酰胺类耐药基因与耐药表型不符,提示可能存在其他耐药机制,同时,分离菌具有复杂的毒力谱。本研究为陕西省羊源致病性E. coli感染的防控提供科学依据。     

规模化猪场猪源沙门氏菌的耐药性及相关耐药基因检测

为了解贵州省某规模化猪场猪源沙门氏菌分离株的药物敏感性和耐药基因的存在情况,也为进一步研究细菌耐药的分子机制和临床用药提供资料,利用K-B法检测了6株猪源沙门氏菌对15种药物的敏感性,采用PCR方法检测了9种常见耐药基因在分离株中的分布情况。结果显示,所有菌株对青霉素、氨苄西林和吡哌酸的耐药率最高均为100%,对头孢克洛、链霉素和庆大霉素的耐药率最低。从9种常见耐药基因中扩增到3种β-内酰胺类耐药、3种氨基糖苷类、2种氟喹诺酮耐药基因。研究表明,沙门氏菌极易产生耐药性,耐药基因广泛存在于耐药菌株中,但耐药表型与耐药基因之间无绝对相关性。     

鸡源大肠杆菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶的检测及耐药性分析

为探明泰州地区鸡源大肠杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)情况及耐药情况,对13株分离自泰州地区的鸡源大肠杆菌进行ESBLs检测,并采用微量肉汤稀释法测定不同药物对产ESBLs菌和非产ESBLs菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果显示,13株分离菌中有5株被确定为产ESBLs菌株,阳性率为38.5%.产ESBLs菌对β-内酰胺类抗菌药的耐药性极其严重,耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs菌,二者对氨苄西林的耐药率分别为100%和62.5%,对头孢噻呋的耐药率分别为100%和12.5%,对头孢曲松的耐药率分别为80%和20%,产ESBLs菌对其他抗菌药物的耐药率也明显高于非产ESBLs菌.氨苄西林与舒巴坦(2:1)联用与单用氨苄西林相比,对产ESBLs菌的MIC值降低至单用氨苄西林时的1/16~1/8,但对非产ESBLs菌的MIC值没有明显变化.氨苄西林与阿米卡星(1:1)联用与单用两者中的任何一种相比,对产ESBLs菌和非产ESBLs菌的MIC值均降低至单药时的1/16~1/2.结果表明,临床可选择β-内酰胺酶类抗生素与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的混合制剂来治疗产ESBLs鸡大肠杆菌的感染,也可尝试将不同种类、不同作用机理药物联合应用来治疗鸡大肠杆菌感染,尤其是耐药性鸡大肠杆菌感染.     

内蒙古地区奶牛乳房炎链球菌毒力基因检测及耐药性研究

为了解内蒙古地区奶牛乳房炎链球菌毒力基因的分布情况及其耐药现状,通过该地区360份乳房炎奶样链球菌的分离鉴定,利用微量肉汤稀释法测定了81株链球菌对15种药物的MIC,采用PCR法检测耐药基因及毒力基因的携带情况。结果显示,分离到的81株链球菌对β-内酰胺类的耐药率最高;对红霉素和四环素的耐药率在40%~85%;对氟喹诺酮类的耐药率相对较低。多重耐药菌株达88.9%(n=72)。耐药基因pbp2b的检出率为86.4%,tetL和tetM的检出率在75%以上,红霉素耐药表型主要由ermB介导。分离菌株毒力基因中cfb的检出率最高(50.6%),其次为cyl和hylB。内蒙古地区奶牛乳房炎链球菌对β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类和四环素耐药情况严重,且发现多重耐药菌株的流行;链球菌中尤以无乳链球菌的毒力基因携带率较高。     

Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance and Detection of ESBLs Genes of Pathogenic Salmonella Isolates from Dairy Cows in Inner Mongolia

The aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of ESBLs genes of Salmonella isolates from dairy cows in Inner Mongolia.Micro-dilution broth method recommended by CLSI was used to determine the MICs of 22 antimicrobial agents commonly employed in veterinary clinic against the 38 Salmonella isolates.PCR analysis was carried out to detect the presence of 8 ESBLs genes mostly observed in animal origin Salmonella in the isolates with resistance to at least one β-lactam antibiotics, and the features of multi-resistance of the isolates were also analyzed.The results showed that most Salmonella isolates were resistant to trimethoprim(97.4%), sulfamethoxazole(94.7%), and to most of the β-lactam, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol and tetracycline antibiotics with the resistance rate ranging from 40% to 80%, however, all of the isolates were sensitive to fluoroquinolone drugs.76.3%(n＝29) of the isolates were simultaneously resistant to 6 categories antibiotics and the multi-resistance rate was 94.7%. 85.7%(n＝30) of the β-lactam antibiotics resistant isolates were ESBLs genes positive.Of the six genotype of ESBLs genes found in this study, CTX-M (40.0%) was the mostly encountered ESBLs gene, however, the SHV and PSE types gene were absent in the isolates.A total of fifteen genotypes of the ESBLs genes and nine ESBLs genes combinations were observed in this study, and 16 isolates (45.7%) simultaneously contained two or more than two ESBLs genes.It was indicated that the current situation of the resistance of the Salmonella isolates from dairy cows in Inner Mongolia to the commonly used antimicrobial agents in veterinary clinic was serious, and the prevalence pattern of the ESBLs genes in the isolates was complex, suggesting that the irrational employment of the antibiotic in the treatment of animal infectious diseases was the crucial reason causing the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates.     

Transduction of bla(CMY-2), tet(A), and tet(B) from Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Heidelberg to S. Typhimurium

Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp., especially resistance mediated by extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), is a growing public health concern. Understanding the mechanisms through which Salmomella spp. acquire the resistance genes can lead to the development of intervention and mitigation strategies. Thirty-one Salmonella isolates of bovine origin were analyzed by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phage induction and bacterial host range determination, and phage transduction of antimicrobial resistance. The Salmonella isolates consisted of 12 serovars. Resistance to 1 or more antibiotics was detected in 12 isolates. Inducible phages were recovered from 19 Salmonella (61%) by spot lysis assay. Of the 19 phage samples, 13 were able to multiply in 2 or more Salmonella of various serovars. A cross-serovar transduction of antimicrobial resistance was observed from S. Heidelberg to S. Typhimurium. Transfection of an antimicrobial-susceptible strain of S. Typhimurium with a phage propagated in a S. Heidelberg resistant to multiple β-lactam antibiotics and tetracycline resulted in independent acquisition of bla_CMY-2, tet(A), and tet(B). These data indicate that inducible phages are common in Salmonella of bovine origin, many of them demonstrate a broad host range, and wild-type phage mediated transduction may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, including the resistance mediated by ESBL.     

重庆部分羊场沙门氏菌的分离鉴定、耐药表型分析及耐药基因检测

本研究旨在初步了解重庆市羊源沙门氏菌的耐药性及耐药基因流行情况。在5个山羊养殖场采集185份山羊粪便样品，经选择性增菌和PCR鉴定分离沙门氏菌，确定了其血清型，测定了分离菌对28种抗菌药物的敏感性，并检测了喹诺酮耐药决定区（QRDR）的耐药突变位点和质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药（PMQR）、超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）基因。共分离到羊源沙门氏菌11株，其中10株为德尔卑沙门氏菌。分离的菌株对氨苄西林、头孢唑啉、头孢氨苄、头孢噻肟、四环素和培氟沙星耐药严重；9株菌表现为多重耐药，对3~7类药物耐药。所有菌株均存在QRDR耐药突变且携带bla_TEM基因；7株菌携带1~5种PMQR基因。本研究分离的羊源沙门氏菌对常用抗菌药物整体耐药较为严重，且广泛存在耐药突变和携带耐药基因。     

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella on midwest and northeast USA dairy farms

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolated from dairy herds in New York, Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin, USA. Serogroup and antimicrobial susceptibility characteristics were determined for Salmonella from cattle and environmental samples collected during August 2000–October 2001 as part of a longitudinal study where 129 herds were visited at 2-month intervals. Salmonella isolates were tested (using a broth microdilution method) for susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Of the 1506 isolates tested for minimum inhibitory concentrations to these 14 antimicrobial agents, 81.2% were pan-susceptible and for most herds (81.6%) the predominant antimicrobial resistance pattern was pan-susceptible. At least 1 Salmonella isolate resistant to 5 or more antimicrobial agents was found on 23.6% of herds. This resistance phenotype was most common among serogroups B and E1 and among samples from calves and farmer-designated sick cows. Resistant samples most frequently exhibited resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and/or ampicillin. No samples were resistant to ceftriaxone (though 13 were in the intermediate range), and very few samples were resistant to ciprofloxacin (n = 1), nalidixic acid (n = 5), or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 7).     

鸭源沙门菌的分离鉴定、耐药性及致病性分析

【目的】为防控鸭源沙门菌感染,本试验针对四川德阳地区鸭源沙门菌的感染情况开展研究。【方法】从该地区3个种鸭场和1个鸭孵化场共采集不同类型样本222份,按国标GB 4789.4－2016方法对沙门菌进行分离鉴定,进一步通过K-B法检测分离菌对14种抗菌药物的敏感性,并对鉴定出的稀有血清型沙门菌进行致病性研究。【结果】疑似沙门菌分离株在BS琼脂上呈黑色、灰色或棕褐色、有金属光泽菌落,在XLD琼脂上呈无色透明、或中心黑色或几乎全黑的菌落。将疑似沙门菌株接种三糖铁琼脂斜面进行生化鉴定,疑似沙门菌分离株均能使三糖铁斜面变为红色,底部变为黄色带黑色,符合沙门菌生化特性。通过PCR对沙门菌特异性基因invA进行扩增,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后可在500 bp左右观察到目的条带,确认共分离到17株沙门菌,总分离率为7.7%（17/222）,包括鼠伤寒沙门菌、哈托沙门菌和波恩沙门菌3种血清型,其比例分别为47.1%（8/17）、29.4%（5/17）和23.5%（4/17）,优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌。分离菌对β-内酰胺类和氨基糖苷类抗菌药耐药率最高,对氨苄西林和链霉素的耐药率分别为82.4%（14/17）和88.2%（15/17）,对喹诺酮类抗菌药最敏感,其中对萘啶酸100%（17/17）敏感。分离菌存在严重的多重耐药现象,其中耐10种以上（包括10种）抗菌药的6株,占比35.2%,且10种抗菌药分别来自至少6类不同种类抗菌药;耐8种抗菌药物的2株,占比11.8%;耐5~7种抗菌药的6株,占比35.3%;耐2~3种抗菌药物的共3株,占比17.6%。通过寇氏改良法测得稀有血清型菌株H4、B2的LD₅₀分别为3.98×10⁶和1.58×10⁶ CFU,致病性试验结果表明,哈托和波恩沙门菌均能引起小鼠急性死亡,脏器充血、出血,细胞变性等。【结论】本研究成功分离到17株鸭源沙门菌,从鸭中分离到哈托沙门菌在国内外属首次。分离菌具有严重的耐药性和多重耐药现象,2株稀有血清型沙门菌对小鼠的致病力均较强,且致病作用相似。本研究结果可为鸭场沙门菌病的防治提供参考。     

屠宰场沙门氏菌耐药性分析和毒力基因检测

【目的】研究广东省茂名地区屠宰环节猪肉中携带的沙门氏菌的耐药性和毒力特征,为该地区食源性沙门氏菌的危害评估和防控措施制定提供依据。【方法】从广东省茂名地区屠宰场采集的猪肉、脾脏、肝脏样本中分离到19株沙门氏菌,采用K-B药敏纸片法检测其对β-内酰胺类、氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类、酰胺醇类和磺胺类抗菌药物的耐药性,用PCR方法检测β-内酰胺类耐药基因(bla_TEM、bla_OXA-1、bla_SHV)、氟喹诺酮类耐药基因(qnrA、qnrS、qnrB)、氨基糖苷类耐药基因(aadA1、aac(6′)-Ⅰb、rmtB)、四环素类耐药基因(tetA、tetB、tetC)、酰胺醇类耐药基因(Cat1、floR)、磺胺类耐药基因(SulⅠ、SulⅡ、SulⅢ)和10种毒力基因(mogA、sseL、mgtC、bcfA、araB、spvR、spvA、spvB、spvC、spvD)的携带情况。【结果】19株沙门氏菌耐药严重,对四环素、多西环素、氯霉素、氟苯尼考、磺胺异噁唑的耐药率均>50%,对四环素、多西环素和氯霉素的耐药率最高...     

羊源沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及致病性和耐药性分析

【目的】 分离张家口某地区羊源沙门氏菌并检测其血清型、毒力基因、耐药性及耐药基因，分析分离株表型和基因的相关性和差异性。【方法】 将样品用选择培养基增菌并纯化培养，挑选疑似的沙门氏菌单菌落进行革兰氏染色、镜检和生化鉴定。根据沙门氏菌属特异性基因invA的核苷酸序列进行PCR和血清型鉴定。利用SPF昆明小鼠对分离株进行致病性试验并测定其半数致死量。PCR扩增毒力岛基因hilA、avrA、sseL、ssaQ、mgtC、siiD和sopB，肠毒素基因stn，质粒毒力基因spvR。采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法进行药敏试验，PCR扩增β-内酰胺酶耐药基因bla_TEM、bla_CMY和bla_OXA，氟喹诺酮耐药基因qnrS、oqxA和oqxB，磺胺类耐药基因sul1、sul2和sul3，四环素类耐药基因tetB及氨基糖苷类耐药基因aadA1。根据PCR检测结果，将扩增的毒力基因和耐药基因进行测序，并与NCBI中相应的参照基因进行BLAST比对分析。【结果】 分离得到4株羊源沙门氏菌，血清型鉴定均为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。分离株对小鼠具有致病性，4株分离株的半数致死量为5.67×10⁷~6.45×10⁷ CFU。分离株可检出毒力岛基因hilA、avrA、sseL、ssaQ、mgtC、siiD和sopB，肠毒素基因stn及质粒毒力基因spvR，检出率均在50%以上。分离株对复方新诺明、利福平、林可霉素、青霉素、氨苄西林耐药，对庆大霉素、环丙沙星敏感。分离株可检出β-内酰胺类耐药基因bla_TEM、氟喹诺酮耐药基因qnrS、磺胺类耐药基因sul1和sul2。【结论】 本研究分离的羊源沙门氏菌的毒力表型与染色体和质粒携带的毒力基因有关。分离菌株携带β-内酰胺类、磺胺类耐药基因，与耐药表型相符，临床上可将庆大霉素和环丙沙星作为首选药。     

Characterization of Salmonella isolates from beef cattle, broiler chickens and human sources on Prince Edward Island

Non-typhoid Salmonella serovars remain a potential threat to human health, and beef cattle and broiler chickens are possible sources of these organisms on Prince Edward Island (PEI). In this study, the ceca of beef cattle belonging to fasted and non-fasted groups, and broiler chickens were examined for Salmonella at the time of slaughter. The characteristics of the isolates, including antimicrobial resistance patterns and virulence genes, were studied along with the isolates obtained from cases of human salmonellosis on PEI during the study period (1996–97). The prevalence of Salmonella in beef cattle was 4.6% (11/240). The rate was significantly higher in fasted cattle (7.46%), than in non-fasted cattle (0.94%). The prevalence rate in chickens was 32.5% (39/120). In beef cattle, Salmonella typhimurium phage type (PT) or definitive type (DT) 104 which was resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline, was the most predominant type (64%). In chickens, S. heidelberg, with resistance to gentamicin, streptomycin and sulfisoxazole, predominated. Of 26 isolates from humans, the most common serovar was S. typhimurium, including a multidrug-resistant strain of DT104. Examination by PCR revealed presence of the virulence gene invA in all serovars, and the spvC gene in all S. typhimurium isolates, of both beef cattle and human origin. Among the other serovars the latter gene was found in 7 human isolates, but in none of the chicken or beef isolates. All but 3 of the spvC-positive isolates possessed a 90 kilobasepair (kbp) plasmid suggesting that the 3 isolates had the spvC gene on their chromosome. These findings were confirmed by plasmid DNA isolation using 3 different protocols and by sequence analysis of the spvC-PCR product.     

Isolation,Identification and Analysis of Serotype and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic Salmonella from Chickens

To investigate the situations of predominant strain and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Salmonella was pre-enriched and isolated from tissues of clinical suspected chickens, and the Salmonella isolates were identified by biochemical test using ID 32E System for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae of VITEK System ATB Expression, serotypes were determined by slid agglutination test, antibiotic susceptibility was analyzed by ATB VET Susceptibility Test Strip of Enterobacteriaceae antibiotics.The results showed that 34 Salmonella strains were obtained from 310 clinical samples, of which 1 strain belonged to A serogroup, 1 to C2 serogroup, 15 to B serogroup, 14 to D serogroup and 3 to untyped serogroup, and S.typhimurium of B serogroup and S.pullorum of D serogroup were the predominant serotypes.All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, spectinomycine and apramycine, and the resistance rates to chloramphenicol, kanamycine and gentamicine were less than 10%, and the resistance rates to amoxicillin, streptomycine, flumequine, oxolinique, sulfamethizol, tetracycline and nitrofurantoine ranged between 50% and 90%, while the resistance rates to penicilline, oxacilline, fusidique, rifampicine and metronidazole reached to 100%.The results indicated that the serotype distribution of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens exhibited regional characteristics, and S.typhimurium and S.pullorum were the predominant serotypes in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates was very serious which should be highly concerned.     

鸡源致病性沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及血清型和药物敏感性分析

为了解当前广西鸡源致病性沙门氏菌的优势流行菌株及耐药情况,掌握其最新流行特点,本试验采集疑似病鸡的组织病料,对沙门氏菌进行增菌和分离培养,运用VITEK System ATB Expression法ID 32E肠杆菌鉴定试剂条对分离菌株进行生化试验鉴定,应用玻片凝集试验进行血清型鉴定,采用ATB VET药敏试剂条对30种肠杆菌抗菌药物进行药物敏感性试验。结果显示,从310份疑似鸡病料中分离鉴定出34株致病性沙门氏菌;这些分离菌株中有A群1株、C2群1株、B群15株和D群14株,另有3株未定型,其中以B群鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和D群鸡白痢沙门氏菌为优势菌株;34株分离株均对美洛培南、亚胺培南、大观霉素和安普霉素敏感,对氯霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素的耐药率小于10%,对阿莫西林、链霉素、氟甲喹、噁喹酸、磺胺甲噁唑、四环素和呋喃妥因耐药率介于50%和90%之间,而对青霉素、苯唑西林、夫西地酸、利福平和甲硝唑的耐药率达到100%,并且存在多重耐药现象。结果表明,鸡源致病性沙门氏菌的流行菌株具有一定的地域性,当前广西以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和鸡白痢沙门氏菌为主,流行菌株耐药性严重,应高度关注。