动物源性大肠杆菌对氨基糖苷类药物的耐药性及其耐药基因的检测

旨在调查大肠杆菌3种氨基糖苷类耐药基因aac(3)-Ⅱ、aac(6')-Ⅰb和arm A的携带情况,探究耐药基因与氨基糖苷类药物耐药表型的相关性。采用K-B纸片法探究70株大肠杆菌对6种氨基糖苷类药物的耐药性;采用PCR法检测全部菌株氨基糖苷类钝化酶基因aac(3)-Ⅱ、aac(6')-Ⅰb及16S rRNA甲基化酶基因arm A。结果显示:70株大肠杆菌中对链霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、新霉素的耐药率依次是62.9%、42.9%、37.1%、35.7%和21.4%,耐药率最低的是阿米卡星为15.7%。70株大肠杆菌中检测出携带1个或多个耐药基因的菌株占总菌株数的32.9%,钝化酶基因aac(3)-Ⅱ、aac(6')-Ⅰb的检出率分别是18.6%和15.7%,介导高水平耐药的16S rRNA甲基化酶基因arm A的检出率为4.3%,有1株大肠杆菌同时携带3种耐药基因。研究表明江苏南京、扬州、镇江、泰州、盐城等地区的大肠杆菌具有很严重的耐药性,其相关的耐药基因检出率与其所具有的耐药性呈正相关,部分耐药严重的菌株未检测到这3种耐药基因,提示可能存在其他耐药机制。     

猪源大肠杆菌对氨基糖苷类药物的耐药性以及耐药基因的检测

为指导临床合理用药,根据耐药表型和基因型研究耐氨基糖苷类药物猪源大肠杆菌的流行情况,采用K—B法检测大肠杆菌对氨基糖苷类药物的耐药性,同时用PCR技术扩增氨基糖苷类药物的耐药基因以明确其基因型。结果显示,60株临床分离菌中,耐氨基糖苷类抗生素菌株54株,耐药率为90％;aac（3）-Ⅰ基因PCR扩增均为阴性;aac（3）-Ⅱ基因检出阳性28例,阳性率为46．7％;aac（6’）-Ⅰ基因检出阳性54例,阳性率为90％。结果表明,耐氨基糖苷类药物的大肠杆菌比较普遍,氨基糖苷类耐药基因以aac（3）-Ⅱ和aac（6’）-Ⅰ为主。     

动物源性大肠杆菌的耐药性和氨基糖苷类耐药基因的检测

为调查不同动物源性大肠杆菌的耐药性,本试验对65株源于畜禽的大肠杆菌进行18种常见抗菌药的药敏试验,用PCR法检测3种氨基糖苷类耐药基因aac(3)-II、arm(A)和aac(6′)-Ib。结果显示：65株大肠杆菌中对氨基糖苷类药物链霉素耐药率最高(75.38%),其次为复方新诺明(69.23%),耐药率最低的是头孢哌酮舒巴坦(0%);耐药基因aac(3)-II、arm(A)和aac(6′)-Ib的检出率分别为29.23%、1.54%和9.23%;有51株分离菌株存在多重耐药,占总株数的78.46%。结果表明,动物源大肠杆菌对多种抗菌药具有耐药性,在氨基糖苷类耐药基因中以携带aac(3)-II为主。     

山东地区禽源致病性大肠杆菌氨基糖苷类药物耐药性及耐药基因的检测

采用K-B纸片法对224株大肠杆菌进行5种氨基糖苷类药物的药敏试验,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行庆大霉素和阿米卡星最低抑菌浓度（MIC）的测定,三重PCR法检测全部菌株氨基糖苷类钝化酶基因ant（3’’）-Ia、aac（6’）-Ib和aph（3’）-Ⅱa,普通PCR法检测16S甲基化酶基因。结果显示：山东省禽源大肠杆菌对链霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素和阿米卡星的耐药率分别为84.4%、57.1%、55.8%、46.9%和40.2%;3种钝化酶基因ant（3’’）-Ia、aac（6’）和Ib、aph（3’）-Ⅱa的检出率依次为49.6%、25.0%和22.8%,介导高水平耐药的16S甲基化酶基因RmtB的检出率为11.6%（26/224）,只有1株大肠杆菌检测到armA基因,没有检测到rmtA,且3种甲基化酶基因在低度耐药菌中检出率均为0;所检大肠杆菌中携带2种及2种以上耐药基因的菌株占33.5%（75/224）,有1株大肠杆菌同时携带4种耐药基因。结果表明,氨基糖苷类钝化酶及16S甲基化酶广泛存在于禽源大肠杆菌菌中,其耐药性与相关耐药基因的检出率基本呈正相关,部分菌株的耐药性与耐药基因的检出率不一致,表明还存在其他耐药机制。     

动物源大肠杆菌整合子携带氨基糖苷类耐药基因盒的研究

收集540株不同动物源大肠杆菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法检测其对22种药物的耐药性;利用多重PCR方法检测菌株携带3型整合子的情况;采用χ2检验分析1型整合子阳性菌及阴性菌的耐药性;采用PCR—DNA测序法对整合子阳性菌株携带的氨基糖苷类耐药基因盒进行分析。结果显示,540株菌对链霉素等20种药物耐药率超过37％,全部菌株均呈多重耐药;1型整合子检出率为86．48％,未检出2及3型整合子;整合子阳性菌株对头孢唑啉等13种药物耐药率显著高于整合子阴性菌;随机选择的67株1型整合子阳性菌株中,有92．54％菌株携带有编码氨基糖苷核苷转移酶和乙酰转移酶基因（aadA2、aadA5、aadA22、aacA4）,共有5种类型基因盒,其中以介导对甲氧苄啶、链霉素和大观霉素耐药的dfrA17＋aadA5组合最为常见;在2株茵中分别发现介导对阿米卡星、氯霉素及甲氧嘧啶耐药的aacA4＋catB3＋dfrA1组合,和介导链霉素、大观霉素耐药的aadA22基因盒,是在四川分离菌中首次发现这2种基因盒。结果表明,1型整合子广泛存在于大肠杆菌临床菌株中,大肠杆菌耐药性与整合子相关,菌株中广泛携带氨基糖苷类及甲氧苄胺嘧啶耐药基因盒。     

禽致病性大肠杆菌中四种抗氨基糖苷类药物耐药基因的分子流行病学调查

氨基糖苷类药物曾经是临床最为常用而有效的抗生素,长期应用与不合理使用使得该药物效果不尽理想。本研究参照GenBank中耐药基因相关序列,设计引物,结果从禽源大肠杆菌基因组中扩增出4种抗氨基糖苷类药物基因aadA1、strA、strB、aph(3′),经pGEX-T-easy和pET32a载体克隆和序列分析,证明扩增获得的基因序列与GenBank中参考序列同源性达到97%以上。对分离保存的216株禽致病性大肠杆菌进行氨基糖苷类药物耐药基因的分子流行病学检测,结果表明:aadA1阳性率高达49.1%,strA和strB的阳性率分别为56%和65.7%,aph(3′)的阳性率为16.2%;近三分之二的被检菌株携带有2种以上氨基糖苷类药物耐药基因。药敏试验结果显示所有被检菌株对链霉素耐药率为68.9%,而对阿米卡星的耐药率为38.9%。本研究结果说明禽类细菌的耐药性与相关耐药基因的检出率基本呈正相关,临床日益严重的耐药现象与耐药基因的普遍存在有着很大的关系,提示控制禽源耐药细菌对人类健康与卫生安全有重要意义。     

患病和痊愈牦牛源大肠杆菌对氨基糖苷类和磺胺类耐药性比较分析

[目的]为了探讨患病和痊愈牦牛源大肠杆菌的抗菌药物及其耐药性之间的相关性。[方法]采用微量肉汤稀释法对91株牦牛源大肠杆菌进行氨基糖苷类药物(链霉素和庆大霉素)和磺胺类药物(磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺二甲基嘧啶)敏感性试验,同时采用PCR方法检测氨基糖苷类相关耐药基因aac(6’)-Ib、aac(3’)-IV及磺胺类相关耐药基因sul2、sul3的携带情况。[结果]结果表明：39株患病牦牛源菌株对链霉素、庆大霉素、磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺二甲基嘧啶的耐药率分别为30.77%、5.13%、61.54%和87.18%,aac(6’)-Ib、aac(3’)-IV、sul2和sul3的检出率分别为43.59%、25.64%、38.46%和41.03%;52株痊愈牦牛源菌株对链霉素、庆大霉素、磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺二甲基嘧啶的耐药率分别为42.30%、21.15%、94.23%和71.15%,aac(6’)-Ib、aac(3’)-IV、sul2和sul3的检出率分别为71.15%、19.23%、69.23%和51.92%。[结论]试验结果表明,痊愈牦牛源大肠杆菌对氨基糖苷类和磺胺类药物耐药率及相关耐药基因检出率均高于患...     

64株鸭致病性大肠杆菌氨基糖苷类药物耐药表型及aaC2耐药基因的调查

pathogenic E. coli from duck; aaC2 gene; aminoglycoside antibiotics; investigate     

98株鸭源致病性大肠杆菌氨基糖苷类耐药基因型与耐药表型的比较

旨在调查鸭致病性大肠杆菌氨基糖苷修饰酶耐药基因(AMEs基因)的携带情况,探讨耐药基因与氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药表型的相关性。对98株鸭致病性大肠杆菌采用了K-B法,选用氨基糖苷类抗生素链霉素、新霉素、庆大霉素、阿米卡星、大观霉素和卡那霉素进行药敏试验,用建立的检测氨基糖苷类AMEs主要基因的四重PCR方法对上述菌株进行分子检测,并随机选取耐药基因ant(3″)-Ⅰa、aac(3)-Ⅱa和aph(3′)-Ⅱa各3个阳性扩增进行克隆测序,对药敏试验结果和基因检测结果进行比较分析。结果表明,98株鸭致病性大肠杆菌有67株对上述氨基糖苷类药物中的一种或多种耐药,耐药率为68.4%(67/98);有49株扩增出AMEs基因,AMEs基因的检出率为50%(49/98),其中ant(3″)-Ⅰa的检出率为30.6%(30/98),aac(3)-Ⅱa为13.3%(13/98),aph(3′)-Ⅱa为3.1%(3/98),ant(3″)-Ⅰa+aac(3)-Ⅱa为2.0%(2/98)、aac(3)-Ⅱa+aph(3′)-Ⅱa为1.0%(1/98),未检出aac(6′)-Ⅰb基因;序列分析结果表明,扩增产物与GenBank中的相应序列有很高的同源性(99%);AMEs耐药基因与耐药表型的符合率为73.1%(49/67),符合率从高到低依次为大观霉素60%(3/5)、庆大霉素55%(11/20)、链霉素33.3%(22/66)、卡那霉素19%(4/21)、新霉素12.5%(1/8)、阿米卡星0%(0/3)。另外有4株细菌检测到相关耐药基因但耐药表型为敏感,而有22株耐药表型为耐药却未检测到相关耐药基因。鸭致病性大肠杆菌氨基糖苷类耐药基因以ant(3″)-Ⅰa和aac(3)-Ⅱa两种为主,耐药性与相关耐药基因的检出率基本呈正相关。     

Detection of Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Four Resistance Genes of Canine Escherichia coli

The objective of this paper was to investigate the drug resistance of canine Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains and the carrying rates of four resistance genes,and explore the relationship between resistance phenotypes and resistance genes.This article chose the aminoglycoside antibiotics including gentamicin,amikacin,spectinomycin and tobramycin to carry out the antibiotics sensitivity test.According to the established PCR assays,we detected the molecular characteristics of the 156 strains of isolates.The positive fragments of four kinds of resistance genes were cloned and sequenced,and the relationships between antibiotics sensitivity test and the resistance genes were analyzed.The results showed that the resistance rates of canine E.coli strains to gentamycin,tobramycin,spectinomycin and amikacin were 55.8%,32.7%,25.0% and 20.5%,respectively.The detection rates of resistance genes aacC2,aphA3, aadA and aacC4 were 55.8%,26.3%,23.1% and 9.0%,respectively.Two strains carried all four kinds of resistance genes,eight strains carried two kinds of resistance genes,and the strains carried two or more resistance genes accounted for 40.4% (63/156).The sequence analysis showed that the amplified gene fragments had higher homology compared with the sequences from GenBank.The main resistance gene in canine E.coli was aacC2 and there was a positive correlation between resistance rates and resistance genes compliance rate.     

鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌中氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药基因的检测

为了解鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药性变化和钝化酶耐药基因的携带情况及耐药基因与耐药性的相关性,从陕西、河南、河北、山西、宁夏和甘肃6省(区)的部分规模化养鸡场的病、死鸡中分离鉴定320株致病性大肠埃希菌。采用K-B药敏纸片法检测分离菌对6种氨基糖苷类药物的敏感性,PCR方法检测6种氨基糖苷类钝化酶耐药基因,用DNA Star软件对获得的耐药基因序列与GenBank中的相关序列进行比对。结果显示,鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌分离株对庆大霉素、链霉素、妥布霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素和阿米卡星的耐药率分别为53.4%、49.3%、37.5%、34.7%、22.8%和5.3%,对妥布霉素和卡那霉素耐药率呈上升趋势,而对庆大霉素的耐药率虽呈下降趋势,但仍维持在40%以上。3重以上耐药菌株占80%(256/320)。氨基糖苷类钝化酶基因aac(3)-Ⅱ、aph(3′)-Ⅰ和aac(6′)-Ⅰ的检出率分别为50.9%、25.9%和3.1%,未检测到aac(3)-Ⅳ、ant(3′′)-Ⅰ和aph(3′)-Ⅱ基因。研究表明,分离的鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药性普遍存在,以多重耐药为主,且对妥布霉素和卡那霉素的耐药性不断上升。耐药基因aac(3)-Ⅱ和aph(3′)-Ⅰ的检出率与其耐药性呈正相关。     

陕西地区羊源致病性大肠杆菌耐药性分析与毒力基因检测

旨在了解陕西省部分地区腹泻羊源致病性大肠杆菌(E. coli)耐药性及毒力基因携带情况,本研究从10个养殖场采集54份腹泻羊拭子样品,经分离纯化、生化鉴定及16S rRNA基因序列分析,共分离得到50株E. coli,对分离菌进行药敏试验、耐药基因及毒力基因检测。结果显示,分离菌对氨苄西林、氟苯尼考和磺胺异噁唑耐药率达90%以上,且98%(49/50)为多重耐药菌,对8~11种抗生素耐药的菌株占68%(34/50),仅对美罗培南敏感。所有菌株均携带1~6种不同的耐药基因,其中,Sul1(64%)、TetA(34%)、bla_CTX-M(32%)携带率较高,未检测到bla_SHV。有5株产ESBLs的E. coli携带mcr-1耐药基因。毒力基因检测结果显示,98%(49/50)的菌株携带毒力基因,其中,etrA检出率最高,为80%(40/50)。综上表明,陕西省羊源E. coli多重耐药情况严峻,β-内酰胺类耐药基因与耐药表型不符,提示可能存在其他耐药机制,同时,分离菌具有复杂的毒力谱。本研究为陕西省羊源致病性E. coli感染的防控提供科学依据。     

土鸡屠宰过程中大肠杆菌毒力基因检测及耐药性分析

为了解土鸡屠宰过程中大肠杆菌污染、毒力基因携带及耐药情况,2018年9月-2019年1月在重庆万州、开州、巫溪、奉节4个区县的12个土鸡屠宰地点采集了319份样品,通过菌落形态及显微镜观察、生化鉴定、PCR、药敏试验等方法鉴定分离的大肠杆菌,检测其毒力基因携带和耐药性情况。结果表明：大肠杆菌分离率为22.57%（72/319）,其中餐馆、活禽宰杀铺和定点屠宰点分离率依次为29.73%（22/74）、25.00%（24/96）和17.45%（26/149）,污水、地面、羽毛、用具和胴体分离率依次为75.00%（18/24）、21.62%（8/37）、20.54%（23/112）、17.65%（6/34）和15.18%（17/112）;11种毒力基因中除estA、estB、elt外均被检出,检出率为58.33%（42/72）,共检出14种组合型,有4株分离株4种毒力基因同时存在;分离株对阿米卡星、头孢噻肟最敏感,多重耐药比为90.28%（65/72）,以7~10重耐药居多。土鸡屠宰过程中致病性大肠杆菌污染风险高,多重耐药现象严重,应重视养殖合理用药及屠宰卫生环境。     

牛源大肠杆菌质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因的检测分析

为研究近年来新疆地区牛源大肠杆菌中质粒介导喹诺酮类药物耐药基因的分布及其对喹诺酮类抗生素的耐药情况,本研究于2016-2018年从新疆石河子、沙湾、奎屯、玛纳斯和伊犁5个地区12个规模化奶牛场分离出116株牛源大肠杆菌,药敏试验检测其耐药性,同时利用PCR扩增PMQR耐药基因。药敏试验结果显示,62.93%的菌株对氨苄西林耐药,耐药率最高。对链霉素、四环素、卡那霉素和恩诺沙星的耐药率依次为56.90%、54.31%、43.10%和42.24%。对头孢他啶和头孢噻肟的耐药率较低,分别为7.76%和11.21%。分离菌主要携带qnrA、qnrS和aac（6'）-Ⅰb-cr 3种耐药基因;116株大肠杆菌中有31株携带PMQR的耐药基因,检出阳性率为26.72%,其中26株仅携带1种PMQR耐药基因,占所有菌株的22.41%,4株携带2种PMQR耐药基因,占所有菌株的3.45%,1株携带3种PMQR耐药基因,占所有菌株的0.86%。综上所述,新疆地区牛源大肠杆菌质粒介导喹诺酮类药物基因主要为qnrA、qnrS和aac（6'）-Ⅰb-cr 3种,且对恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星均产生不同程度的耐药性。     

Detection and Analysis of Virulence Genes and Drug Resistance Genes in E. coli Strains Isolated from Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis in Liaoning Region

In order to understand the virulence genes and drug resistance genes carried by E.coli strains from dairy cows with mastitis in large-scale dairy farms in Liaoning region, and also provide improved programs for control and treatment of mastitis to dairy farmers, 66 strains of E.coli isolated from milk of dairy cows with clinical mastitis in several large-scale farms in Liaoning region were examined to detect 4 virulence genes and 4 drug resistance genes using PCR methods. The results showed that none of the target genes was detected in only one strain, while at least 2 and up to 7 target genes were detected in the rest of 65 strains. The detection rates of the virulence genes stx2e, eaeA, K99 and astA were 56.1%, 47.0%, 34.8% and 31.8%, respectively. In addition, the detection rate of dual virulence gene reached 43.9%, in which the genotype with the highest detection rate was eaeA/stx2e. The detection rates of the drug resistance genes sul3, sul1, cmlA and aacA4 were 87.9%, 83.3%, 40.9% and 28.8%, respectively. And the dual resistance gene detection rate was 36.4%, in which the highest detection rate was sul1/sul3 genotype; Triple drug resistance gene detection rate was 37.9%, and cmlA/sul1/sul3 presented the highest detection rate. These results confirmed that the E.coli isolated from dairy cow mastitis in large-scale dairy farms in Liaoning region had high detecting rates of sulfonamide resistance genes and chloramphenicol resistance genes, which was directly related to the drug resistance of the E.coli. These results provided important guiding significance for the prevention and control of dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning region as well as the safety of public health.     

辽宁地区奶牛乳房炎源大肠杆菌毒力基因及耐药基因检测分析

为了掌握辽宁地区规模奶牛场乳房炎源大肠杆菌携带的毒力基因和耐药基因,为奶牛养殖业提供更好的乳房炎防制方案,本研究采用PCR检测方法对辽宁地区多个规模奶牛场临床奶牛乳房炎奶样中分离的66株大肠杆菌进行了4种毒力基因和4种耐药基因的检测分析。结果发现,66株大肠杆菌中仅有1株未检出相关目的基因,其余65株中最少检出2种目的基因,最多检出7种目的基因。其中,毒力基因stx2e、eaeA、K99和astA的检出率分别为56.1%、47.0%、34.8%和31.8%,双重毒力基因的检出率达到43.9%,以eaeA/stx2e基因型的检出率最高;耐药基因sul3、sul1、cmlA及aacA4的检出率分别为87.9%、83.3%、40.9%和28.8%,双重耐药基因的检出率为36.4%,以sul1/sul3基因型检出率最高;三重耐药基因的检出率为37.9%,以cmlA/sul1/sul3检出率最高。本研究结果证实,辽宁地区奶牛乳房炎源大肠杆菌携带磺胺类耐药基因和氯霉素类耐药基因的比率较高,与大肠杆菌的耐药性有较直接的关系,该结果对于辽宁地区奶牛乳房炎的防制具有重要的指导意义,更具有重要的公共卫生意义。     

猪源携带质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因大肠杆菌气源性传播的研究

为了调查养猪场携带质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因大肠杆菌的气源性传播情况,本试验分别在5个猪场舍内及舍外上风向和下风向不同距离收集空气样品,并在舍内随机采集粪便样品,分离大肠杆菌。药敏试验检测其对14种抗生素的耐药性。以质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因(qnr、aac(6')-Ib-cr、qepA)为指示基因,利用肠杆菌基因间重复一致序列聚合酶链式反应(ERIC-PCR)鉴定技术,分别对5个猪场不同样品中大肠杆菌的遗传相似性进行分析,评估其向舍外空气的传播情况。结果显示,5个猪场中的大肠杆菌对庆大霉素、卡那霉素、四环素、链霉素、萘啶酸、复方新诺明等12种常用抗生素耐药率较高,且呈现多重耐药。ERIC-PCR结果显示,46.34% (19/41)的舍内空气分离株与粪便分离株来源相同,其中73.68% (14/19)的分离株携带的耐药基因也相同;68.42% (26/38)的舍外空气分离株与舍内空气或粪便分离株来源相同,其中65.38% (17/26)的菌株携带相同的耐药基因。结果表明,起源于舍内粪便的携带质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因的大肠杆菌能形成气溶胶污染舍内空气,并借助舍内外气体交换,传播到舍外不同距离空气中(≥400 m),对养殖场周围的环境卫生及社区居民的健康形成威胁。     

Study on Aerotransmission of Escherichia coli Carrying the Plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes of Swine

To investigate the aerotransmission of Escherichia coli (E.coli) carrying the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes,airborne E.coli were isolated from indoor air,upwind air and downwind air samples in five swine farms.Fecal samples from swine houses were randomly collected to isolate the E.coli.The sensitivities of the E.coli strains against 14 antibiotics were tested.The E.coli carrying the PMQR genes (qnr,aac(6')-Ib-cr,qepA) were identified by ERIC-PCR,and then the genetic fingerprints of E.coli were established to analyze its origins and spread toward the outside surroundings.The results showed that E.coli isolated from five swine farms showed high resistance against 12 antibiotics,such as gentamicin,kanamycin,tetracycline,streptomycin,nalidixic acid and sulfamethoxazole,and presented multi-drug resistant.Results of ERIC-PCR showed that 46.34% (19/41) of strains isolated from indoor air samples had the same origin with fecal-obtained strains,and 73.68% (14/19) of them shared the same PMQR genes with fecal-obtained strains.68.42% (26/38) of strains isolated from downwind air samples had the same origin with fecal-obtained or indoor air-obtained strains,and 65.38% (17/26) of them shared the same PMQR genes with fecal-obtained or indoor air-obtained strains.This indicated that E.coli carrying PMQR genes and originating from feces in swine houses could form aerosols to pollute the indoor air and then spread to the downwind air through air exchange (≥400 m),which could be a potential threaten to public environment and human health.     

广东地区水禽源大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类药物的耐药性及耐药基因检测

为了调查广东地区水禽源大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类抗菌药的耐药性和耐药基因的流行情况,本试验于2012-2014年从广东地区患病水禽中成功分离鉴定243株大肠杆菌,采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定大肠杆菌分离株对4种β-内酰胺类药物的敏感性,并通过PCR方法检测耐药株的耐药基因bla_CTX-M、bla_TEM和bla_OXA。药敏试验结果显示,广东各地区的分离株对氨苄西林和阿莫西林耐药率较高,耐药率为80.00%~100.00%;而对头孢他啶和头孢噻呋耐药率较低,耐药率为9.09%~50.00%。PCR检测结果显示,在4种药物的耐药菌株中,耐药基因bla_CTX-M、bla_TEM和bla_OXA的检出率分别为88.46%~90.87%、67.21%~88.52%和51.28%~59.02%。结果表明,水禽大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类药物普遍具有耐药性,其中青霉素类尤为严重。bla_CTX-M、bla_TEM和bla_OXA基因为广东地区水禽源大肠杆菌携带的主要耐药基因,且耐药基因的普遍存在与临床日益严重的耐药现象有着很大的关系。