添加硫辛酸对焉耆马运动性能、血浆抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中添加硫辛酸对焉耆马赛后运动性能、血浆抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响.选取运动成绩、体重、体尺、年龄相近的焉耆马11匹, 随机分为3组,分别为:对照组(3匹)、试验Ⅰ组(4匹)、试验Ⅱ组(4匹).对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加12.5、25 g/(d·匹)的硫辛酸.试验开始第20天对各组马匹进行20 km模拟比赛,赛后30 min内测定各组试验马匹的体温、脉搏、呼吸,同时采集各试验组马匹血液.结果表明,无论是赛后0 min还是赛后20 min,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组测得的心率均极显著低于对照组(P <0.01);试验Ⅰ组焉耆马血浆中GSH-Px活力比对照组高44.30%(P <0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中SOD活力、T-AOC大小分别比对照组高42.33%(P <0.01)、44.72%(P <0.01)和77.41%(P >0.05)、68.62%(P >0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中MDA浓度比对照组低41.09%(P <0.05)、23.48%(P >0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中NEFA浓度与对照组相比有升高的趋势(P >0.05).在饲料中添加硫辛酸,可提高焉耆马运动性能,有利于焉耆马运动后生理指标的快速恢复,提高运动后焉耆马的抗氧化能力,减缓焉耆马在运动期间的疲劳症状,相比而言,添加12.5 g/(d·匹)硫辛酸组效果较佳.     

添加维生素E对焉耆马运动性能、血浆抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响

为研究日粮中添加维生素E对焉耆马赛后运动性能及抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响,本试验选取运动成绩、体重、体尺、年龄相近的焉耆马11匹,随机分为3组,分别为:对照组(3匹)、试验Ⅰ组(4匹)、试验Ⅱ组(4匹)。对照组饲喂基础日粮;试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加1200、1600 IU/d·匹的维生素E。试验开始第20天对各组马匹进行20 km模拟比赛,赛后30 min内测定各组试验马匹的体温、脉搏、呼吸,同时采集各试验马匹血液。试验结果表明:无论是赛后0 min还是赛后20 min,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组测得的心率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活力分别比对照组高60.06%、75.16%(P<0.01)和31.27%、38.25%(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组丙二醛浓度均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中尿酸浓度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中氨态氮浓度、五羟色胺浓度均低于对照组,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,在饲料中添加维生素E,可提高焉耆马运动性能,有利于焉耆马运动后生理指标的快速恢复,提高运动后焉耆马的抗氧化能力,减缓焉耆马在运动期间的疲劳症状,本试验中每匹马维生素E的适宜添加量为1600 IU/d。     

日粮中添加氨基酸对焉耆马运动性能、血浆抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中添加氨基酸对焉耆马赛后运动性能及抗氧化能力的影响.选取运动成绩、体重、体尺、年龄相近的焉耆马11匹,随机分为3组:对照组(3匹)、试验Ⅰ组(4匹)、试验Ⅱ组(4匹).对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加不同水平氨基酸.试验开始第20天对各组马匹进行20 km模拟比赛,赛后30 min内测定各组试验马匹的体温、脉搏、呼吸,同时采集各试验马匹血液.结果表明,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后0 min心率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),赛后20 min心率、赛后5 min呼吸频率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后血浆中GSH-Px、T-SOD活力及GLU浓度分别比对照组高34.41%(P>0.05)、37.02%(P<0.01)、37.41%(P<0.01)和32.06%(P>0.05)、35.46%(P<0.01)、26.98%(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后血浆中MDA、LA浓度分别比对照组低38.46%(P<0.05)、17.56%(P<0.05)和38.26%(P<0.05)、13.04%(P>0.05).饲料中添加氨基酸,可提高焉耆马运动性能,有利于焉耆马运动后生理机能的快速恢复;可提高运动后焉耆马的抗氧化能力,减缓焉耆马在运动期间的疲劳症状,相比而言,添加0.25%赖氨酸的效果较好.     

不同能蛋比对赛马运动性能及血浆生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同能蛋比对赛马运动性能及血浆生化指标的影响.将36匹焉耆马随机分为3组,每组12匹.A组(对照组)焉耆马饲喂能蛋比为86.79的基础日粮,B组、C组焉耆马饲喂能蛋比分别为90.79、94.79的日粮.试验期90 d.结果 显示:随着能蛋比的提高,B组和C组赛马50 km竞赛的速度显著高于A组(P＜0.05...     

补喂肌酸对速步马运动性能、糖代谢及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在通过研究补喂肌酸对速步马运动性能、糖代谢及抗氧化能力的影响,为肌酸在速步马训练、比赛中的应用提供参考数据。试验选取年龄4岁、平均体重为(457±50)kg、1 km速步比赛成绩相近且经过良好训练的伊犁马公马8匹,随机分为2组,分别为对照组、试验组,每组4匹,每天每匹马分别饲喂3 kg颗粒精料,干牧草自由采食,在此基础上试验组每天每匹马补喂38 g肌酸,进行为期38 d(预试期7 d,正试期31 d)的补饲试验及训练试验。结果表明:补喂肌酸可提高速步马1 km速步赛的比赛用时,试验组比赛用时比对照组缩短12.74%(P0.05);在血浆抗氧化指标方面,补喂肌酸可显著提高赛后30 min血浆中过氧化氢酶活力、总抗氧化能力及赛后24 h血浆中超氧化物歧化酶活力(P0.05);但对照组与试验组赛前、赛后心率及血浆中葡萄糖、乳酸、肌酸、肌酐、胰岛素、胰高血糖素及皮质醇含量差异不显著(P0.05)。由此得出,补喂肌酸能够提高速步马的运动成绩,增强速步马赛后抗氧化能力。     

日粮添加不同水平甜菜粕对焉耆马营养物质消化代谢的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平甜菜粕对焉耆马营养物质消化代谢的影响。选取运动成绩、体重、年龄和体尺相近的焉耆马12匹,随机分为3组,每组4匹。对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组在饲喂相同的基础日粮和粗饲料(燕麦秸)的条件下分别补饲0、0.6和1.2 kg/d甜菜粕。试验期20 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期5 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组焉耆马对有机物、NDF、ADF的消化量和对日粮NDF、ADF的表观消化率均有极显著提高(P<0.01),对粗蛋白质、钙的消化量和对有机物的表观消化率影响差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组焉耆马对NDF和ADF的消化量分别增加了8.19%、9.43%,均达到了显著水平(P<0.05),而对有机物、粗蛋白质、钙的消化量和表观消化率均差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组焉耆马对有机物、NDF和ADF的消化量和表观消化率与试验Ⅰ组相比,均达到了显著或极显著水平(P<0.05;P<0.01),但对粗蛋白质和钙的消化量和表观消化率影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验Ⅱ组焉耆马的消化能与对照组和试验Ⅰ组相比分别提高14.92%(P<0.01)和11.23%(P<0.01),而试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);对代谢能而言,试验Ⅱ组比对照组和试验Ⅰ组分别提高11.73%(P>0.05)和14.83%(P<0.05)。因此,日粮中添加1.2 kg/d的甜菜粕,可显著提高焉耆马对日粮有机物和粗蛋白质的消化量,极显著提高NDF和ADF的表观消化量(率)及消化能,可明显改善焉耆马对营养物质的利用率。     

饲料中添加不同油脂对奥尼罗非鱼生长发育、体内抗氧化能力和血液生化指标的影响

用4种添加不同脂肪源(鱼油、豆油、猪油和茶油)的饲料,投喂奥尼罗非鱼[初体重为(4.60±0.5)g]幼鱼,研究不同脂肪源对奥尼罗非鱼生长发育、体内抗氧化能力和血液生化指标的影响。结果显示:鱼油组、豆油组及茶油组之间试验鱼的终体重及增重率均无明显差异,但均显著高于猪油组(P<0.05);茶油组、鱼油组及豆油组鱼体肝脏内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力均显著高于猪油组(P<0.05),而鱼油组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力显著高于豆油组和茶油组(P<0.05),豆油组GSH-Px活力最低,说明不同油脂对抗氧化酶的作用具有特异性;从总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及丙二醛(MDA)指标看,茶油和鱼油更有利于奥尼罗非鱼的健康;除血液总胆固醇(TC)外饲料中不同的油脂来源对试验组奥尼罗非鱼的血清生化指标均会产生明显影响。     

Effects of Supplemental Oil on the Sport Performance,Plasma Antioxidant Capacity and other Metabolic Index of Yanqi Horse

This test mainly studied the effects of supplemental different levels of oil on the performance, plasma antioxidant capacity and other metabolic index of Yanqi horse.9 Yanqi horses were randomly divided into three groups according to performance, body weight, body measurement, age.The control group was fed with basal diet.Horses in the groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were fed with diet supplemented with 2.5% and 5% of oil.All horses were participated in 20 km racing, on the 20th day.Temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate of all horses were measured, 30 min after the racing.Simultaneously, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein.The results showed that the heart rate value of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were highly significant lower than control group (P<0.01), 0 min after the racing.The group Ⅱ was highly significantly lower than control group (P<0.01), 5 min after the racing.The plasma GSH-Px and T-SOD activity of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ compared with the control group respectively increased by 87.60%(P<0.05), 15.87%(P>0.05) and 98.38%(P<0.05), 38.25%(P<0.05);The plasma MDA and LA concentration of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ compared with the control group respectively decreased by 53.44% (P<0.05), 24.08%(P<0.05) and 51.42% (P<0.05), 25.08%(P<0.05).In conclusion, the performance and antioxidant capacity of Yanqi horse could be improved by the basal diet added different levels of oil.The physiological function of Yanqi horse could be fast recovery after the racing.Compared, added 5% oil feed supplement was especially effective.     

Effects of Dietary Supplemental Different Levels of Sugar Beet Pulp on the Digestion and Metabolism of Nutrients of Yanqi Horse

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplemental different levels of sugar beet pulp on the nutrients of digestion and metabolism in Yanqi horse.12 Yanqi horses were randomly divided into three groups according to performance,body weight,body measurement and age.The groups were referred to as the control group,group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ,each group with 4 Yanqi horses.Yanqi horses in the control group,group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were supplied with 0,0.6,1.2 kg/d of sugar beet pulp on the condition of feeding the same basal diet and roughage (oat straw).The total duration of the experiment was 20 days,the first 15 days of the experiment was the preliminary period,and the formal experiment lasted for 5 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,the apparent digestibility of OM,NDF,ADF and digestibility amount of NDF,ADF in group Ⅱ was extremely significantly improved (P<0.01),the digestibility amount of crude protein,calcium and the apparent digestibility of OM in group Ⅱ was significant difference (P<0.05);The digestibility amount of NDF,ADF of group Ⅰ was increased by 8.19% (P<0.05) and 9.43% (P<0.05),respectively,and the apparent digestibility (amount) of OM,crude protein,calcium were no significant difference (P>0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the apparent digestibility (amount) of OM,NDF,ADF of group Ⅱ were significantly or extremely significant difference (P<0.05;P<0.01),but the apparent digestibility (amount) of crude protein,calcium were no significant difference (P>0.05).Compared with the control group and group Ⅰ,the digestible engergy of group Ⅱ was increased by 14.92% (P<0.01) and 11.23% (P<0.01),but no significant difference was observed between group Ⅰ and control group (P>0.05);The metabolic engergy of group Ⅱ was increased by 11.73% (P<0.05) and 14.83% (P<0.05),respectively.Therefore,the digestion amount of OM,CP of Yanqi horse and the digestion amount and the apparent digestibility of NDF,ADF could be significantly or extremely significantly improved by the supplementation of 1.2 kg/d of sugar beet pulp,and the ability to use the nutrients were obviously improved for Yanqi horse.     

饲粮添加不同水平果胶寡糖螯合锌对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和血清抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平果胶寡糖螯合锌(zinc-pectic oligosaccharide chelate,Zn-POS)对爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和血清抗氧化能力的影响。选用1日龄健康、体况较一致的AA肉仔鸡480只(公母各占1/2),根据体重一致原则随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。其中Ⅰ组为基础饲粮组;Ⅱ组为抗生素组,在基础饲粮中添加62.5 mg/kg黄霉素;Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组为Zn-POS组,在基础饲粮中分别添加300、600和900 mg/kg Zn-POS。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)1~21日龄,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组平均日增重显著提高(P0.05);与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组体重显著提高(P0.05)。22~42日龄,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),Ⅳ组平均日采食量显著提高(P0.05)。1~42日龄,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ组平均日增重极显著提高(P0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅴ组平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),Ⅳ组平均日采食量显著提高(P0.05);Ⅱ组平均日增重极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01)。2)Ⅱ组法氏囊指数显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),但Ⅱ组血清中免疫球蛋白G水平显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。3)Ⅲ组血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅴ组血清过氧化氢酶活性显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅳ、Ⅴ组血清丙二醛含量显著低于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加Zn-POS能改善1~42日龄AA肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和血清抗氧化功能,以600 mg/kg添加水平较为适宜。     

不同纤维和蛋白质水平饲粮对12月龄焉耆马营养物质消化代谢、血浆生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同纤维和蛋白质水平饲粮对12月龄焉耆马营养物质消化代谢、血浆生化指标的影响,为焉耆马的科学饲养提供理论依据。试验选取年龄为12月龄、平均体重为(191±20)kg的焉耆马公马12匹,随机分为2组,每组6匹;采用分期分组的设计方法,第1期为试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组,第2期为试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组,各组饲喂不同纤维和蛋白质水平的饲粮(各组饲粮中纤维和蛋白质水平分别为76.59%、6.81%,74.21%、7.88%,71.82%、8.94%,69.41%、10.01%),进行21 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期15 d,正试期6 d。结果表明:焉耆马对饲粮中干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、钙、磷摄入量随饲粮中蛋白质水平的增加呈上升趋势,但中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维摄入量呈下降趋势;焉耆马对干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、钙的消化率以及消化能和代谢能随饲粮中蛋白质水平的增加而增加,其中试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组钙的消化率比试验Ⅰ组分别提高10.78%(P0.05)、19.48%(P0.05)、7.46%(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组代谢能显著高于试验Ⅰ组及试验Ⅱ组(P0.05)。就氮、钙、磷代谢而言,焉耆马体内钙、磷的沉积率也呈增加趋势,但增加饲粮中蛋白质水平对氮沉积率无显著影响(P0.05);各组血浆中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮、谷氨酰胺含量无显著差异(P0.05)。由此得出,提高焉耆马饲粮中的蛋白质水平可增加营养物质的摄入量,提高营养物质的消化率和沉积量,且以饲粮中纤维水平为69.41%、蛋白质水平为10.01%时最佳,但对血浆生化指标无显著影响。     

大豆甙元对生长期锦江黄牛生产性能、抗氧化能力及免疫性能的影响

本试验旨在研究大豆甙元对生长期锦江黄牛生产性能、抗氧化能力及免疫性能的影响。选取20头健康状况良好、体重为(140±5)kg的生长期锦江黄牛,随机分为4组,每组5头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(精粗比为4∶6),试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加了100、200和400 mg/kg大豆甙元的试验饲粮。限饲各组的干物质采食量均为3.98 kg/d。预试期为10 d,正试期为60 d。结果表明:1)各试验组平均日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05),400 mg/kg组较对照组高126.6 g/d。2)各试验组粗蛋白质表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,各试验组血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性均显著升高(P0.05);各试验组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性相比于对照组均有升高的趋势(0.05≤P≤0.10);各试验组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量均低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。4)各试验组血清免疫球蛋白(Ig)M含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),同时400 mg/kg组显著高于100 mg/kg组(P0.05);各试验组的血清IgG含量相比于对照组均有一定程度的升高,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。由上述结果可见,饲粮中添加适量的大豆甙元可以提高生长期锦江黄牛养分消化率,促进犊牛的生长,同时提高免疫及抗氧化性能。     

腐殖酸钠对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加腐殖酸钠对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。选择1日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡600只,随机分为5组,分别为抗生素对照组(T1)、无抗对照组(T2)和0.1%(T3)、0.3%(T4)、0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组(T5),每组12个重复(公母各6个重复),每个重复10只鸡。试验分2个阶段进行,1～21日龄为试验前期,22～42日龄为试验后期。结果表明:1) 1～21日龄时,抗生素对照组和0.3%腐殖酸钠添加组公鸡的平均日增重显著高于0.1%和0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组(P<0.05)。2)饲粮添加腐殖酸钠对42日龄肉鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3) 42日龄时,抗生素对照组公鸡的脾脏指数和母鸡的胸腺指数显著高于无抗对照组和0.1%腐殖酸钠添加组(P<0.05)。4) 21日龄时,0.3%和0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组肉仔鸡的血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著高于抗生素对照组和无抗对照组(P<0.05); 0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组的血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。42日龄时,0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组肉仔鸡的血清IgA和IgM含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。5) 21日龄时,0.3%和0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组肉仔鸡的血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于抗生素对照组、无抗对照组和0.1%腐殖酸钠添加组(P<0.05);而血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于抗生素对照组、无抗对照组和0.1%腐殖酸钠添加组(P<0.05)。42日龄时,抗生素对照组肉仔鸡的血清MDA含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05); 0.3%和0.5%腐殖酸钠添加组的血清T-AOC显著高于抗生素对照组(P <0.05)。综合生产性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力,建议肉仔鸡饲粮中腐殖酸钠的适宜添加剂量为0.3%～0.5%。     

Effects of Different Ammonia Concentrations on Growth Performance,Immunity and Antioxidant Capacity of Beef Cattle

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different ammonia concentration on production performance, immunity and antioxidant capacity of beef cattle. In this study, 16 healthy Qinchuan cows with an initial weight of (220±5) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 1 cattle per replicate.Treated with ammonia at concentrations of<5 (control), (15±3), (30±3) and (45±3) mg·m^-3, respectively. The advanced experiment period was 10 days and the formal period was 30 days. During the trial period, the production performance was recorded(ADG,ADFI and F/G), and serum samples were collected from the jugular vein at day 1, 15, 30. Then the biochemical indicators, immune globulin,cytokines and antioxidant enzymes activities were measured.The results showed as follows:1) Compared with the control group, average daily gain (ADG) significantly decreased when ammonia concentration was 30 mg·m^-3, and average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly decreased in all ammonia treatment groups (P<0.05), and feed∶gain (F/G) increased significantly when ammonia concentration was 15 and 30 mg· m^-3 (P<0.05). 2) The content of serum CRE、BUN、ALT、AST and LDH were significantly increased when the ammonia concentration was 45 mg·m^-3 (P<0.05), and the An content increased significantly in all ammonia treatment groups compared with the control group, indicating that ammonia exposure caused damage to liver and kidney function of cattle. 3) The immunoglobulin A (IgA) level was significantly reduced in each ammonia treatment group (P<0.05), the content of IgM was significantly decreased when the ammonia concentration was 30 and 45 mg· m^-3 (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in IgG content among the groups (P>0.05). Ammonia exposure significantly increased the levels of IL-6 at 30 and 45 mg·m^-3, and IL-4 content was significantly increased at 45 mg· m^-3 (P<0.05), IFN-γ content was significantly reduced at 30 and 45 mg· m^-3 (P<0.05), thus inducing an inflammatory response of beef cattle. 4) Ammonia exposure significantly decreased T-AOC activity at 30 and 45 mg· m^-3 and GSH-Px activity was significantly decreased at 45 mg· m^-3 (P<0.05), MDA content significantly increased at 30 mg· m^-3 (P<0.05);No significant difference was observed in the serum SOD and CAT activities in each group (P>0.05). In summary, this study suggested that excessive ammonia exposure reduced growth performance, impaired immunity and antioxidant capacity of beef cattle.