补喂植物雌激素对泌乳期伊犁母马产奶量和乳成分的影响

为研究补喂不同种类植物雌激素对泌乳期伊犁母马产奶量及乳成分的影响,本试验选取年龄、胎次、泌乳月龄相近,泌乳期为第3个月的伊犁母马24匹,随机分为3组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组。各组马匹补喂同一营养水平和同一剂量的精料补充料,在此基础上试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组分别补喂大豆异黄酮粉剂0.7 g和染料木素粉剂0.7 g,共饲喂70 d。试验期间每14 d测定泌乳期伊犁马8 h的产奶量和乳成分。结果表明:与0 d相比,42 d时试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组乳蛋白产量分别提高24.20%、29.61%。试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组42 d乳脂产量分别比对照组提高54.46%、50.25%(P0.05)。56 d时,各试验组乳糖产量均高于对照组,其中试验Ⅱ组乳糖产量比对照组提高20.29%(P0.01)。70 d时,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组产奶量分别比对照组高出27.83%(P0.01)和20.00%(P0.05)。因此,在饲喂精料补充料的基础上,补喂大豆异黄酮和染料木素可提高泌乳期伊犁母马产奶量,改善乳品质,且以补喂0.7 g/d大豆异黄酮为最佳。     

补饲复合微生态制剂对泌乳期伊犁母马血液生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究补饲复合微生态制剂对泌乳期伊犁母马血液生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响.根据年龄、胎次、泌乳月龄相近的原则选择泌乳期伊犁母马24匹,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别补饲0.05 g枯草芽孢杆菌(活菌数为2.0×10¹¹ CFU/g)和0.133 g植物乳杆菌(活菌数为3.0×10¹⁰ CFU/g)、0.10 g枯草芽孢杆菌和0.266 g植物乳杆菌、0.15 g枯草芽孢杆菌和0.399 g植物乳杆菌.结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲复合微生态制剂对泌乳期伊犁母马血液中总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿素氮含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响均差异不显著(P> 0.05);但补饲复合微生态制剂泌乳期伊犁母马血液中总蛋白、白蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性呈升高的趋势;试验Ⅱ组泌乳期伊犁母马血液中球蛋白含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P <0.05),其他各组之间差异不显著(P> 0.05).过氧化氢酶的活性试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P <0.05),试验Ⅰ组与其他各组之间差异不显著(P> 0.05);总抗氧化能力试验Ⅱ组显著高于试验Ⅰ和Ⅲ组(P <0.05),其他各组之间差异不显著(P> 0.05).因此,补饲植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌复合物对泌乳期母马增强免疫机能,改善氮沉积,提高机体抗氧化能力起到了一定作用,且补饲0.10 g枯草芽孢杆菌和0.266 g植物乳杆菌复合物时效果较为明显.     

Effects of Phytooestrogens Supplementation on Blood Biochemical Indexes and Antioxidant Capacity of Lactating Yili Mare

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of phytooestrogens supplementation on blood biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of Yili maria during lactation.A total of 24 Yili maria during lactation were divided into four groups with similar age,parity,lactation months,i.e.groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and control group.The control group and trial groups fed with the same based diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were supplemented with 0.7 g soybean isoflavone,0.7 g genistein,0.35 g soybean isoflavone and 0.35 g genistein respectively.The total duration of the experiment was 90 d,the first 10 d of the experiment was the preliminary period and the formal experiment lasted for 80 d.The blood samples were collected by jugular vein in the experiment of 0,20,40,60,80 days,respectively,3 500 r/min centrifuged 15 min separate plasma and -20 ℃ saved for later use.The results showed that compared with control group,total protein,albumin content and GSH-Px,SOD,CAT activity of blood in trail groups were no significant difference (P >0.05);But CAT,T-AOC activity of blood in trail groups had a upward trend.GLB,BUN content of blood in group Ⅱ were significantly higher than control group and group Ⅰ (P< 0.05);no significant difference was observed among other groups (P >0.05).Compared with control group,the MDA content of blood in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were trends to decrease,and group Ⅰ reached significant level (P< 0.05).Therefore,phytooestrogens supplementation had enhanced immune function,improved the body's antioxidant capacity of Yili maria during lactation,when supplementary feeding 0.7 g soybean isoflavone on antioxidant capacity of Yili maria during lactation was more obvious effect.     

补喂赖氨酸和苏氨酸对放牧条件下泌乳母马血液生化指标的影响

通过给放牧条件下泌乳母马补饲赖氨酸和苏氨酸,探究其对泌乳母马血液生化指标的影响,为氨基酸调控泌乳期母马的健康提供参考依据。选择产驹日期相近(5月份),年龄7～9岁,胎次4～5胎,平均体重(428.00±33.42) kg,泌乳30 d的伊犁马母马24匹,随机分为4个组,每组6匹,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组。在相同的放牧条件下(放牧时间、饮水时间、挤奶时间和放牧草场完全相同),对照组不进行任何氨基酸补喂,试验Ⅰ组每匹马补饲赖氨酸40 g/d+苏氨酸20 g/d,试验Ⅱ组每匹马补饲赖氨酸60 g/d+苏氨酸40 g/d,试验Ⅲ组每匹马补饲赖氨酸80 g/d+苏氨酸60 g/d。整个补饲期为120 d,定期采集母马血液,测定相关生化指标。结果：在蛋白质代谢方面,试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组母马血液中总蛋白和白蛋白含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),尿酸含量分别比对照组提高16.33%、37.20%和17.58%;在糖脂代谢方面,试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组的总胆红素均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),葡萄糖和甘油三酯含量均低于对照组;在酶活力方面,试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组的谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力均极显...     

母马补喂鞣花酸对哺乳马驹生长发育和血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在探究给泌乳期伊犁马补喂不同剂量的鞣花酸对哺乳期马驹体重、体尺、血液生化指标的影响,为进一步研究哺乳期马驹健康生长发育提供参考依据。选取5月份产驹、9～11岁、5～6胎、泌乳30 d且日均8h挤奶量（2.61±0.47）kg的18匹带驹伊犁马泌乳母马,将18匹马驹按照公母各半随机分为3组（母马分组与马驹保持一致）,每组6匹（3公3母）。在相同放牧、饮水和挤奶条件下,对照组母马不补喂任何添加剂,试验组母马每天每匹补喂鞣花酸15、30 mg/kg BW(15 mg/kg鞣花酸组、30 mg/kg鞣花酸组),试验期为90 d,每30 d测量1次马驹体重及体尺,并采集血液样品,测定相关指标。结果显示：15 mg/kg鞣花酸组马驹体高、胸围和体长总增长量分别比对照组提高了2.96%(P>0.05)、33.66%和21.22%(P<0.01);30 mg/kg鞣花酸组马驹体高、胸围、体长总增长量分别比对照组提高了2.67%(P>0.05)、26.79%(P<0.01)、17.28%(P<0.05);试验60 d时,30 mg/kg鞣花酸组尿酸含量比15 mg/k...     

饲粮钙、磷水平对泌乳期伊犁母马营养物质消化代谢和血浆生理生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮钙、磷水平对泌乳期伊犁母马体重、胸围、营养物质表观消化率和代谢以及血浆生理生化指标的影响,为确定泌乳期伊犁母马钙、磷适宜需要量提供参考。选取年龄(11~14周岁)、体重[(371±21)kg]和胎次(4~6胎)接近的处于第2泌乳月的伊犁母马25匹,随机分为5组,每组5匹。第3泌乳月Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组母马钙饲喂水平分别为45.03、48.50、51.96、55.43和58.89 g/d,磷饲喂水平分别为30.05、32.03、34.01、35.99和37.97 g/d;第4和第5泌乳月Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组母马钙饲喂水平分别为43.60、46.42、49.25、52.07和54.92 g/d,磷饲喂水平分别为27.63、29.24、30.86、32.47和34.12 g/d。试验为期90 d,每30 d为1个试验周期。结果显示:饲粮钙、磷水平对母马体重和胸围以及干物质、有机物和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅴ组的粗蛋白质表观消化率最高,分别比Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组提高12.26%、12.37%和18.28%(P0.05);Ⅰ组的总能表观消化率最高,分别比Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组提高8.32%、7.19%和11.24%(P0.05);Ⅰ和Ⅲ组的钙表观消化率分别较Ⅳ组提高17.74%和14.49%(P0.05);Ⅲ组的磷表观消化率最高,比Ⅱ组提高35.39%(P0.05)。饲粮钙、磷水平对母马氮和钙代谢均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅰ组的代谢能较Ⅱ和Ⅳ组分别增加7.95%和11.33%(P0.05);Ⅰ组的能量沉积率较Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别提高9.30%、8.50%和12.10%(P0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ组的磷沉积量显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05),其中Ⅲ组在各组中最高,比Ⅱ组提高42.59%;Ⅰ和Ⅲ组的磷沉积率显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅳ组(P0.05),其中Ⅰ组在各组中最高,分别比Ⅱ和Ⅳ组提高49.67%和46.32%;Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ组的磷利用率显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05),分别比Ⅱ组提高17.74%、18.80%和16.79%。饲粮钙、磷水平对血浆中离子钙、磷、降钙素、骨钙素、胎盘催乳素、垂体泌乳素、雌二醇、孕酮和雌酮水平均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅲ组的血浆中甲状旁腺素水平显著高于Ⅳ和Ⅴ组(P0.05),分别提高70.61%和47.58%。由此得出,Ⅰ组饲粮(在第3泌乳月钙、磷饲喂水平分别为45.03和30.05 g/d,第4和第5泌乳月钙、磷饲喂水平分别为43.60和27.63 g/d)即可满足伊犁母马泌乳期的钙、磷需要。适宜的饲粮钙、磷水平有助于维持较高水平的能量和钙的表观消化率以及能量和磷的沉积和利用。     

不同日粮能量水平对湘南黄牛生长性能、血液生化指标及抗氧化力的影响

试验旨在研究不同日粮能量水平对湘南黄牛生长性能、血液生化指标及抗氧化力的影响.将19月龄左右、体况良好、体重260 kg的12头阉公牛随机分为2组,每组6头,精料分为14.93 kJ/g(低能组)、和16.42 kJ/g(高能组)2个能量水平,粗料均为稻草,1.5 kg/(d·头)限量采食.预试期10 d,正试期90 ...     

大豆黄酮和染料木素对奶牛血清生化及血液流变学指标的影响

采用单因素随机分组试验设计,将15头泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛随机分为3组,每组5头,进行为期60 d的饲养试验.每组奶牛分别饲喂不同日粮:Ⅰ组(基础日粮)、Ⅱ组(基础日粮+200 mg大豆黄酮/d)、Ⅲ组(基础日粮+200mg染料木素/d),试验期60 d内每隔15 d晨饲前空腹采集血样,进行血液生化及流变学指标分析.结果显示,大豆黄酮组(Ⅱ组)球蛋白(GLOB)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量分别较Ⅰ组显著降低(P<0.05);Ⅱ组高密度脂蛋白(HDL)显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),但与Ⅱ组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅲ组同Ⅰ组相比显著降低了低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的含量(P<0.05);血清钙含量Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别较Ⅰ组显著提高(P<0.05),其他各项血常规指标组间差异不显著(P>0.05);奶牛血液流变学方面,大豆黄酮和染料木素的添加在一定程度上有显著降低奶牛全血粘度(ηb)及相应全血还原比粘度(ηr)、血浆粘度的作用(P<0.05);各组红细胞压积(PCV)、红细胞聚集指数(AI)差异不显著(P>0.05);红细胞刚性指数(IR)Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组均显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);纤维蛋白原(FG)含量组间差异不显著(P>0.05).     

补饲舔砖对牛血液生理生化指标影响的研究

对试验组和对照组牛的部分血液学和血清酶学指标、血清蛋白质水平和血清无机离子含量进行了测试研究.结果表明补饲舔砖的牛各项指标均不同程度地优于对照组.其中血液RBC数、N占WBC的比例、血清AKP、LDH和GDH水平、Hb、Ip、Tf和NPN水平以及血清中Ca、P、Na、Cl、Fe、Cu、Zn的含量均显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)地高于对照组.说明补饲舔砖对牛的生理生化指标和营养状况有了较全面的改善.     

维生素A对海南和牛抗氧化指标及血液生化指标的影响

试验在海南和牛日粮中添加不同水平的维生素A,研究其对海南和牛血液生化指标和抗氧化性的影响。选体重和胎次相近的海南和牛12头,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复1头牛,对照组饲喂干稻草基础日粮,试验组在对照组日粮基础上分别添加2500、5000、7500 IU/kg维生素A,试验期为40 d。结果表明:①维生素A的添加水平对海南和牛的血清抗氧化性指标的影响差异不显著(P＞0.05),但随着日粮中维生素A添加水平的提高,海南和牛的血清抗氧化能力逐渐增强;②维生素A的添加水平可显著提高血液中葡萄糖的含量(P＜0.05),同时随着维生素A添加水平的提高还可以提高血液中一些关键酶的活性(P＞0.05)。因此,日粮中添加维生素A可以提高海南和牛血液中一些关键酶的活性和血清的抗氧化能力,并以添加7500 IU/kg组效果最好。     

The Effects of Compound Probiotics Supplementation on Blood Biochemical Indexes and Antioxidant Capacity of Yili Mare during Lactation

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of compound probiotics supplementation on blood biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of Yili mare during lactation.A total of 24 Yili mare during lactation were divided into four groups with similar age,parity,lactation months,i.e.groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and control group.The control group and trial groups fed with the same based diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ were supplemented with 0.05 g of Bacillus subtilis (2.0×10¹¹ CFU/g) and 0.133 g of plant Lactobacillus (3.0× 10¹⁰ CFU/g),0.10 g of Bacillus subtilis and 0.266 g of plant Lactobacillus,0.15 g of Bacillus subtilis and 0.399 g of plant Lactobacillus, respectively.The results showed as follows:Compared with control group,total protein,albumin,blood urea nitrogen contents and GSH-Px,SOD activities of blood in trail groups were no significant differences (P >0.05);But supplementary feeding compound probiotics total protein,albumin contents and SOD activity of blood in trail groups had a upward trend.GLB content of blood in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than the control group and groupⅠ(P <0.05);CAT activity of blood in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than control group and group Ⅲ (P <0.05);T-AOC activity of blood in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than groupsⅠand Ⅲ (P <0.05);No significant difference was observed among other groups (P >0.05).Therefore,supplementary feeding plant Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis complexes had enhanced immune function,improved the nitrogen deposition and the body's antioxidant capacity of Yili mare during lactation,when supplementary feeding 0.10 g of Bacillus subtilis and 0.266 g of plant Lactobacillus complexs was more obvious effect.     

4种日粮对1岁伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究4种日粮对1岁伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标的影响。选用平均体重为(227.38± 16.48)kg的1岁伊犁马16匹,随机分为2组,每组8匹,采用分期分组的试验方法,分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组。试验Ⅰ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草8 kg/d、颗粒精料0 kg/d;试验Ⅱ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草7 kg/d、颗粒精料1 kg/d;试验Ⅲ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草6.3 kg/d、颗粒精料1.7 kg/d;试验Ⅳ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草5.6 kg/d、颗粒精料2.4 kg/d。进行21 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期15 d,正试期6 d。结果表明,1岁伊犁马对干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、磷的消化率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加呈增长趋势,而中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙的消化率呈下降趋势;消化能、代谢能随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加呈增长趋势(P > 0.05);氮沉积量、氮沉积率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而增长,其中试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组氮沉积量、氮沉积率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P < 0.01);钙沉积量、钙沉积率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而降低,且试验Ⅰ组极显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P < 0.01);磷沉积量随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而极显著增加(P < 0.01);各组血浆中总蛋白含量差异不显著(P > 0.05),但试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血浆尿素氮含量均低于试验Ⅰ组(P > 0.05)。综合1岁伊犁马对4种日粮的消化代谢情况及血液生化指标,1岁伊犁马粗蛋白质适宜需要量为14.28 g/kg代谢体重,可消化蛋白适宜需要量为9.16 g/kg代谢体重,代谢能适宜需要量为1.74 MJ/kg代谢体重,消化能适宜需要量为1.41 MJ/kg代谢体重。     

Effects of Four Kinds of Diets on Nutrient Digestion,Metabolism and Blood Biochemical Indexes of One-year-old Yili Horse

Effects of four kinds of diets on nutrient digestion and metabolism and blood biochemical indexes of one-year-old Yili horse were studied in this experiment.16 health horses(all males) with an average body weight of (227.38±16.48)kg and similar age (one-year old) were used in a staging and grouping experiment design.First stage had groupsⅠ and Ⅱ,second stage had groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ.The horses of group Ⅰ were fed with alfalfa 8 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 0 kg/d; The horses of group Ⅱ were fed with alfalfa 7 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 1 kg/d;The horses of group Ⅲ were fed with alfalfa 6.3 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 1.7 kg/d;The horses of group Ⅳ were fed with alfalfa 5.6 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 2.4 kg/d.Each stage lasted for 21 d (15 d pretrial period and 6 d trial period).The results showed that the digestibility of DM,OM,CP and P were increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate,while the digestibility of NDF,ADF and Ca showed downtrend.DE and ME were significantly increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate (P > 0.05).N retention and retention rate showed an increasing tendency,N retention and retention rate of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were extremely significant higher than those in group Ⅰ (P < 0.01).Ca retention and retention rate decreased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate,and Ca retention and retention rate of group Ⅰ were extremely significant higher than those in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P < 0.01).P retention was extremely significant increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate (P < 0.01).There were no significant difference in the content of TP among all trial groups (P > 0.05),but the content of BUN in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were lower than those in group Ⅰ (P > 0.05).Thus,comprehensive nutrient digestion and metabolism,blood biochemical indicators of four of kinds diets in one-year-old Yili horse,the requirement of crude protein,digestible protein,metabolizable energy,digestible energy were 14.28,9.16 g/(kg·BW) and 1.74,1.41 MJ/(kg·BW),respectively.     

不同驱虫药驱虫后伊犁马血液生化指标变化的研究

[目的] 研究不同驱虫药对伊犁马血液生化指标的影响,为伊犁马科学驱虫及健康养殖提供参考。[方法] 将平均体重（265.5±35.6）kg、出生日期相近的40匹1岁伊犁马随机分为5组,每组8匹,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组。在相同的饲养管理和日粮营养水平条件下,对照组不驱虫,在试验开始第1天,试验Ⅰ组使用伊维菌素驱虫,试验Ⅱ组使用吡喹酮驱虫,试验Ⅲ组使用阿苯达唑驱虫,试验Ⅳ组使用伊维菌素和阿苯达唑的混合药剂驱虫;在试验第14天采集马匹血液样品,测定血浆氮代谢指标、葡萄糖及酶相关指标、脂代谢指标及金属离子指标。[结果] ①试验Ⅲ组总蛋白（TP）浓度最低,与对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组及试验Ⅳ组相比,分别降低了8.16%、7.15%、4.98%及6.62%（P>0.05）。对照组及各试验组白蛋白（ALB）、尿素（UREA）浓度均无显著（P>0.05）差异。与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组及试验Ⅳ组血浆中UREA浓度分别降低了33.15%及36.10%（P>0.05）。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）活力分别降低了26.51%、21.11%、47.14%及52.38%（P>0.05）。试验Ⅲ组血浆中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活力低于对照组,降低了0.19%（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅳ组的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活力显著（P<0.05）升高,分别提高了17.84%、13.51%;谷草转氨酶（AST）活力分别提高了5.40%和4.08%（P>0.05）。③对照组血浆中甘油三酯（TG）、肌酐（CREA）及尿酸（UA）的含量与各试验组相比均无显著（P>0.05）差异。试验Ⅰ组及试验Ⅳ组血浆中CREA浓度较对照组分别提高13.38%和9.86%（P>0.05）。试验Ⅱ组血浆中胆碱酯酶（CHE）活力显著（P<0.05）高于试验Ⅲ组,提高了17.70%。④对照组血浆中Mg²⁺浓度与各试验组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）;试验Ⅲ组血浆中Ca²⁺浓度最低,与对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组及试验Ⅳ组相比,分别降低了23.44%、16.40%、25.89%及21.43%（P<0.05）。[结论] 综合来看,使用伊维菌素和阿苯达唑混合驱虫,对伊犁马血浆中的氮代谢、糖脂代谢指标及肝功能代谢酶活力改善效果更明显。     

不同断奶模式对犊牦牛生长发育、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

【目的】 本研究通过比较不同断奶模式对犊牦牛生长发育、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响,以期探索科学的犊牦牛早期培育模式。【方法】 选取体重相近、健康的新生犊牦牛24头,随机分为3个处理组,每组8头,公母各半。对照组（GF）犊牦牛出生后在天然牧场内随母放牧哺乳;早期断奶组（EW）犊牦牛随母放牧哺乳至15日龄时隔离母犊,逐渐过渡为饲喂代乳粉,提供开食料及天然牧草自由采食,至犊牦牛固体饲料采食量达到0.5 kg/d时停喂代乳粉,90日龄后停喂开食料转入天然牧场放牧饲养;早期断奶＋益生菌组（EWP）断奶过程同EW组,并在代乳粉、开食料中添加复合益生菌（乳酸杆菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母菌,≥9.98×10¹¹ CFU/g）。分别于犊牦牛30、60、90、150日龄时测定体重及体尺指标,于30、60、90日龄晨饲前采集犊牦牛颈静脉血,测定血清中生化指标、激素、免疫球蛋白水平及抗氧化能力指标。【结果】 30日龄时,EW、EWP组犊牦牛体重、体尺,血清葡萄糖（GLU）、甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（CHO）,生长激素（GH）、胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）,以及免疫球蛋白A （IgA）、免疫球蛋白G （IgG）水平均显著低于GF组（P<0.05）,EW组皮质醇水平显著高于GF组（P<0.05）;60~150日龄各组犊牦牛体重、体尺均无显著差异（P>0.05）;60日龄时,EW、EWP组犊牦牛血清IGF-1以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH）含量均显著高于GF组（P<0.05）;90日龄时EW、EWP组犊牦牛血清GLU、尿素氮（BUN）、IGF-1、甲状腺素（T₄）及IgA水平均显著高于GF组（P<0.05）,且EWP组血清TG、GH含量及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均显著高于GF组（P<0.05）。【结论】 与随母放牧哺乳模式相比,两种早期断奶方式在断奶初期（30日龄）对犊牦牛均产生了一定负面影响,但在断奶后补饲代乳粉与开食料有利于改善犊牦牛后期的生长发育、营养代谢、机体免疫与抗氧化能力,且补充益生菌能够缓解犊牦牛的早期断奶应激,并对犊牦牛生长发育及抗氧化能力的提升有进一步促进作用。     

饲喂不同水平的精料补充料对6月龄伊犁马马驹消化代谢、血液生化指标及体增重的影响

本试验以6月龄伊犁马驹为试验动物,饲喂不同水平的精料补充料,通过全收粪、收尿法进行消化代谢试验,探究饲喂不同水平的精料补充料对6月龄伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标及体增重的影响,为6月龄伊犁马驹的科学饲喂提供依据。试验选用平均体重为(145.28±1.69) kg的6月龄断奶伊犁公马驹20匹,随机分为4组,每组5匹,分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ组,各组每匹马每天饲喂4 kg苜蓿干草,在此基础上分别饲喂精料补充料0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 kg。进行20 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期16 d,正试期4 d。结果表明,随精料补充料饲喂水平的增加6月龄伊犁马马驹对营养物质的摄入量,干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、钙的消化量,以及消化能、代谢能、氮沉积率、钙沉积率均增加,对6月龄伊犁马马驹血浆中总蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白及血液尿素氮含量均无显著影响(P > 0.05),但6月龄伊犁马马驹血液中球蛋白的含量有增加的趋势,血液中尿素氮的含量有降低的趋势;此外试验期内平均日增重随精料补充料饲喂水平的增加呈上升趋势。因此,增加6月龄伊犁马马驹精料补充料的饲喂水平可提高营养物质摄入量、消化率及沉积率,还可增强机体免疫能力、促进氮沉积并提高马驹的平均日增重。     

Effects of Different Levels of Concentrate Supplement on Nutrition Digestion and Metabolism,Blood Biochemical Indexes and Body Weight Gain in 6 Months Old Yili Foals

6 months old Yili foals were used as the experimental animal fed with different levels concentrate supplement to study the effects of fed with different levels concentrate supplement on digestion and metabolism,blood biochemical indexes and body weight gain by total feces and urine collection method,provide evidence for 6 months old Yili foals feeding.According to similar weight,20 weaned 6 months old Yili foals (all males) whose average weight was (145.28±1.69)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups named groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,each group of 5 weaned Yili foals(all males).All Yili foals were fed with alfalfa 4 kg/d,basised on this,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed with 0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0 kg/d concentrate supplement.20 d digestion and metabolism experiment,comprised 16 d adaptation and 4 d collection.The results showed that as the amount of concentrate supplement feeding increased,nutrition intake,amount of nutrient digestion of DM,OM,CP,Ca,DE,ME,retention rate of N,Ca increased.There were no significant effects on the content of TP,GLB,ALB,and BUN in plasma of 6 months old Yili foals(P > 0.05),but the content of TP,GLB in plasma showed an increased trend,the concentration of BUN in plasma showed a decreased trend.The ADG of 6 months old Yili foals was gradually increased as the amount of concentrate supplement feeding increased.Therefore,increasing amount of concentrate supplement feeding of 6 months old Yili foals could increase the nutrient intake,digestion rate and retention rate,also could strengthen the body's immune ability,improved nitrogen deposition and the average daily gain.