First cases of animal diseases published since 2000. 3. Cattle

In this third article of a series of papers listing first case reports of animal diseases published since 2000, the following seven cases of cattle diseases are discussed: AL amyloidosis. Canola oil intoxication. Disseminated intracytoplasmic neuronal vacuolation. Encephalomyelitis associated with Akabane virus infection in adult cows. Lower limb deformity: "mirror image duplication of the plantar/palmar half of the distal portion of the digit". Lupinus argenteus intoxication. Novel Propionibacterium infection. After a short introduction, the bibliographical data, the abstract of the author(s), and some additional information derived from the article are given. The article will be regularly updated adding overlooked as well as new first reports.     

First cases of animal diseases published since 2000. 6. First update of dog diseases

In 2003, Veterinary Quarterly started with the publication of a series of articles reviewing first reports on animal diseases. The articles are arranged in order of animal species. They are regularly updated adding overlooked as well as new first reports. This article is the first update of a review on "first cases" of dog diseases. The following five cases are discussed: Dermatitis in a dog associated with an unidentified Toxoplasma gondii-like parasite. Gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis in a puppy. Mucinous variant of rete testis adenocarcinoma. Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a Labrador Retriever. Salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinoma. After a short introduction, the bibliographical data, the abstract of the author(s) and some additional information derived from the article are given.     

Common infectious diseases of psittacine birds seen in practice.

The "average" small animal practitioner who sees pet birds in practice comes across a variety of bacterial, fungal, protozoal, viral, and chlamydial diseases. Diagnosis and treatment of some are relatively uncomplicated, but many psittacine diseases remain enigmatic. Ante-mortem diagnosis of some diseases is extremely difficult. The clinician must often rely on combinations of clinical signs, clinical pathology, and experience to diagnose many bird diseases correctly. Many viral diseases are devastating to collections and have no cure, preventive program, or even well-documented modes of transmission. Some psittacine syndromes have yet to be definitively associated with a particular infectious agent. Get to know your local federal, state, and private diagnostic laboratories. Good relationships with other avian practitioners, both locally and through the Association of Avian Veterinarians can be extremely helpful. (See the article on sources of information.)     

First cases of animal diseases published since 2000. 5. Sheep

In this fifth article of a series of papers listing first case reports of animal diseases published since 2000, the following five cases of sheep diseases are discussed: Ependymoma. Mastitis caused by Burkholderia cepacia infection. Meningoencephalitis associated with Globicatella sanguinis infection. Neospora caninum infection in an adult sheep and her twin fetuses. Plasma cell tumor. After a short introduction, the bibliographical data, the abstract of the author(s), and some additional information derived from the article are given. The article will be regularly updated adding overlooked as well as new first reports.     

Pulmonary Thromboembolism in 29 Dogs: 1985–1995

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) occurs as a complication to a number of commonly encountered clinical diseases. Antemortem recognition of this life-threatening disorder is hampered by nonspecificity of clinical signs. This retrospective study was performed to analyze clinical features, laboratory findings, imaging abnormalities, and concurrent postmortem diagnoses in 29 dogs with confirmed pulmonary embolism. A variety of clinicopathologic and radiographic abnormalities were noted but there were no pathognomonic findings for PTE. Arterial blood gas analyses were performed in 15 (52%) of 29 dogs; 12 (80%) of 15 exhibited hypoxemia and 15 (100%) of 15 had increased alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients. Response to supplemental O2 was variable and did not correlate with the presence or absence of additional pulmonary pathology on postmortem. At postmortem, 25 (86%) of 29 dogs had grossly visible emboli, 17 (59%) of 29 dogs had multiple disease processes, and 16 (55%) of 29 dogs had additional pulmonary pathology. PTE was suspected antemortem in 11 (38%) of 29 dogs. In dogs with respiratory signs consistent with PTE, the condition was a differential diagnosis in 11 of 17 animals; all had diseases previously reported to be associated with PTE. Neoplasia, systemic bacterial disease, and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia were diagnosed most frequently.     

Incidence of polysaccharide storage myopathy in draft horse-related breeds: a necropsy study of 37 horses and a mule.

Skeletal muscle samples from 38 draft horse-related animals 1-23 years of age were evaluated for evidence of aggregates of glycogen and complex polysaccharide characteristic of equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSSM). Cardiac muscle from 12 of these horses was also examined. Antemortem serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from 9 horses with EPSSM and 5 horses without EPSSM were compared. Skeletal muscle from 17 horses contained inclusions of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive, amylase-resistant complex polysaccharide. Similar inclusions were also present in the cardiac muscle of 1 horse. A vacuolar myopathy with aggregates of PAS-positive, amylase-sensitive glycogen was seen in 8 other horses, and these findings are also considered diagnostic for EPSSM. Antemortem serum activities of CK and AST were often higher in EPSSM horses than in horses without EPSSM. Using the presence of amylase-resistant complex polysaccharide as the criterion for diagnosis of EPSSM, the incidence in this population was 45%. Inclusion of horses with aggregates of glycogen but no amylase-resistant complex polysaccharide as representative of the range of pathologic findings in horses with EPSSM resulted in a 66% incidence in this population.     

...through the eyes of an ophthalmologist.

Gastric leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed in a 12-year-old Thoroughbred gelding. The horse was examined because of anorexia, weight loss, and intermittent fever of 1.5 months' duration. Antemortem diagnostic testing was extensive, but a definitive diagnosis could not be reached with noninvasive methods. Exploratory celiotomy confirmed an intra-abdominal mass, and the horse was euthanatized. Necropsy revealed a firm mass associated with the distal portion of the esophagus, cranial two thirds of the stomach, and visceral surface of the liver. The histopathologic diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma.     

First cases of animal diseases published since 2000. 4. Horses

In this fourth article of a series of papers listing first case reports of animal diseases published since 2000, the following six cases of horse diseases are discussed: Disseminated metastatic intramedullary melanoma. Lipoma of the extensor tendon sheaths. Meningoencephalomyelitis in a neonatal foal due to Salmonella agona infection. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Placentitis due to Rhodococcus equi infection. Right atrial diverticulum in a foal. After a short introduction, the bibliographical data, the abstract of the author(s), and some additional information derived from the article are given. The article will be regularly updated adding overlooked as well as new first reports.     

First cases of animal diseases published in 2005

In 2003, Veterinary Quarterly started with the publication of a series of articles reviewing reports on "first cases" of animal diseases. Till now six articles have been published. They were arranged in order of animal species. Each article concerned only one species. Starting at this seventh publication, each article discusses "first cases" on more than one animal species. In this article 15 cases published in 2005 are discussed: one in birds, two in cats, three in cattle, four in dogs, two in goats, one in hares, and two in horses. Of each case a short introduction, the bibliographical data of the publication, the abstract of the author(s) (except one case) and some additional information (mainly) derived from the article are given.     

First cases of animal diseases published since 2000. 2. Cats

In this second article of a series of papers listing first case reports of animal diseases published since 2000, the following nine cases of cat diseases are discussed: Congenital spongiform change in the brain stem nuclei. Enterococcus hirae enteropathy. Focal cerebral angiomatosis. Glomus tumor. Intraocular extramedullary plasmacytoma. Lens epithelial neoplasias. Phaeohyphomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Systemic amyloidosis in a Devon rex. After a short introduction, the bibliographical data, the abstract of the author(s) and some additional information derived from the article are given. The article will be regularly updated adding overlooked as well as new first reports.     

禽主要病毒感染的比较蛋白质组学研究进展

比较蛋白质组学是蛋白质组学的一个重要分支,现已广泛应用于生命科学和医药学的各个领域,尤其在重大疾病研究、治疗和靶向药物的筛选方面得到了更为广泛的应用。比较蛋白质组学在兽医学领域研究的重点在于揭示病毒与宿主细胞的相互作用机制和病毒的分子致病机制,为动物病毒病的诊断、防控和新型疫苗的开发提供新的思路。本文从比较蛋白质组学的研究内容和主要研究技术、在兽医学研究中的应用以及在禽主要病毒感染中的研究进展进行综述。     

Bovine arthritides. Classification, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment

Bovine arthritides are an important aspect of food animal practice, and a good understanding of these conditions allows the practitioner to develop effective treatment regimens. This article discusses the complexities of joint diseases and the problems associated with their diagnoses and treatments.     

Optic neuritis in dogs and cats.

The term "optic neuritis" compromises all diseases of the optic nerve that cause primary demyelination and usually manifest themselves as a sudden visual field defect or total loss of vision in one or both eyes. As in man, the cause of optic neuritis is often difficult to determine in the living animal. Neurologic examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and laboratory tests can be normal. Optic neuritis affects dogs far more frequently than other animal species. This article examines the causes of immune-mediated optic neuritis and etiologic differentials in dogs and cats, with comparisons to human beings and laboratory animal models.     

Atypical coccidiosis in South American camelids.

Reported clinical signs of coccidiosis in South American camelids include anorexia of a few days duration, sudden death, and diarrhea. Antemortem diagnosis of clinical coccidiosis is usually based on clinical signs and supported by detection of coccidial oocysts in feces. This report describes 2 atypical cases of coccidiosis in South American camelids that had no coccidial oocysts detected on antemortem fecal flotation, prolonged weight loss, and normal fecal consistency.     

Who--or what--are the rats (and mice) in the laboratory.

This paper explores the many meanings attached to the designation, "the rodent in the laboratory" (rat or mouse). Generations of selective breeding have created these rodents. They now differ markedly from their wild progenitors, nonhuman animals associated with carrying all kinds of diseases. Through selective breeding, they have moved from the rats of the sewers to become standardized laboratory tools and (metaphorically) saviors of humans in the fight against disease. This paper sketches two intertwined strands of metaphors associated with laboratory rodents. The first focuses on the idea of medical/scientific progress; in this context, the paper looks at laboratory rodents often depicted (in advertising for laboratory products) as epitomizing medical triumph or serving as helpers or saviors. The second strand concerns the ambiguous status of the laboratory rodent who is both an animal (bites) and not an animal (data). The paper argues that, partly because of these ambiguous and multiple meanings, the rodent in the laboratory is doubly "othered"--first in the way that animals so often are made other to ourselves and then other in the relationship of the animal in the laboratory to other animals.     

The seborrheic disease complex. An approach to underlying causes and therapies

Seborrhea is a multifaceted disease, and it is a common presentation in the small animal practice setting. This article addresses the considerations to be aware of in approaching the diagnosis of this complex entity. Emphasis is placed on recent advances of diseases that cause seborrhea and on appropriate therapy. A simplified practical approach to topical antiseborrheic shampoo therapy is presented.     

Ameloblastic odontoma in the mandible of a llama

A 4-year-old llama had an aggressive, multiloculated, expansile bone lesion involving the rostral mandible. The mandibular lesion was imaged using radiography and computed tomography. Antemortem diagnosis of an ossifying fibroma was made histologically. Postmortem findings showed the lesion to be limited to the mandible. Final diagnosis was ameloblastic odontoma.     

Using grounded theory to examine people's attitudes toward how animals are used.

This study uses qualitative methodology to examine why people have different attitudes toward different types of nonhuman animal use. Seventeen participants took part in a semi-structured interview. The study used Grounded Theory to analyze the interviews and developed a model that consists of 4 major themes: (a) "attitudes toward animals," (b) "knowledge of animal use procedures," (c) "perceptions of choice," and (d) "cost-benefit analysis." The findings illustrate that cognitive processing, characteristics of the species of animal being used, and the type of animal use can all influence attitudes toward animal use. Because previous research has focused on participant variables such as age and gender to explain variance in attitudes toward animal use (Furnham & Pinder, 1990; Kellert & Berry, 1981) and measured attitudes toward animal use in general (rather than distinguishing between different types of use) (Armstrong & Hutchins, 1996), these findings can add to knowledge of people's views on animal use. This paper discusses how such views may be justified and maintained.     

肠相关性淋巴样组织研究概况

系统论述了肠相关淋巴组织的组成结构及其在肠道黏膜免疫中的功能作用，同时，概述了肠相关淋巴组织在消化道感染中的可能作用，并指出从黏膜免疫的角度来研究畜禽消化道疾病的病原体与消化道粘膜感染的关系是揭示这类疾病发生机理的一个新的突破点，它将为策划新的防制战略以控制畜禽消化道疾病的发生和消化道感染提供重要的依据。     

Cytologic diagnosis of diseases of invertebrates.

Invertebrate medicine in the context of an exotic or zoo animal veterinary practice is in its infancy. Establishment of species-specific reference values and evaluation of the effectiveness of cytology for diagnosis of specific diseases are necessary. Despite the lack of normal reference parameters for most species encountered in clinical practice, important information may be obtained from cytologic examination of tissue imprints, aspirates, scrapings, and hemolymph. This information may be essential to establish a specific diagnosis, focus investigations, and influence treatments. It is hoped that this article stimulates veterinarians who work with invertebrates to use diagnostic cytology and disseminate the results of their experience.