甜菜田除草剂药效筛选试验

除草剂金都尔乳油和禾耐斯乳油应用直播甜菜前的土壤处理,除草效果试验结果表明,对禾本科杂草防治效果较好,平均防效为83.97%。两种药剂对双子叶杂草的总防效最好的浓度分别是金都尔600倍,禾耐斯960倍。同时禾耐斯除草剂总防效优于金都尔除草剂。     

甜菜田金都尔除草剂药效试验

金都尔除草剂应用于纸筒育苗甜菜和直播甜菜的除草效果试验结果表明,对禾本科杂草防治效果较好,平均防效为93.62%,对其它杂草防治效果不佳,防效低于35.71%.     

不同除草剂防除甜菜田间杂草效果

在甜菜田进行4种不同除草剂对比试验中,可以看出对甜菜田杂草都有较高的防效,对甜菜最安全除草效果最好的为96%金都尔,其次是33%施田补。     

“金都尔”防除甜菜田间杂草试验效果

为确定"金都尔"防除甜菜田间杂草的安全、经济有效剂量,进行了7种剂量的对比试验。结果表明,各处理间无显著差异,对不同杂草防效各异,对稗草和苋菜防效较好,对黎和鸭趾草防效较差。     

几种除草剂对玉米地杂草的防除效果

38%莠去津悬浮剂、50%乙草胺乳油、96%金都尔乳油、12%噁草酮(农思它)乳油、30%噁草·丁草胺乳油5种除草剂对玉米地杂草的防除效果试验结果表明，50%乙草胺与38%莠去津混合的除草剂对玉米地杂草的防除效果最好，且药剂持效期长，对玉米无药害，适合在玉米生产上推广使用。     

玉米与大豆间作条件下不同茎叶处理除草剂的筛选

选用五种除草剂在玉米与大豆间作田间进行茎叶喷施,调查不同处理对田间杂草的防效、作物的安全性和作物产量的影响。结果表明:40 g/L烟嘧磺隆和55%咪唑乙烟酸两种除草剂对杂草防效均在90%以上,而且对玉米和大豆两种作物安全。40 g/L烟嘧磺隆使大豆增产27.8%,,玉米增产16.4%。5%咪唑乙烟酸使大豆增产42%,,玉米增产16.4%。筛选出的这两种除草剂比较适宜于玉米与大豆间作时的茎叶处理除草剂。     

大麻高效除草（封闭）技术研究

本文利用不同除草剂进行播后苗前（封闭）处理,对大麻生产期田间杂草综合防治效果进行了研究。研究结果表明：采用65％异丙甲草胺乳油3L／hm2封闭除草,对禾本科杂草防效可达55．6％。对阔叶杂草龙葵、藜、蓼、苋的防治效果分别达到66．7％、37．5％、88．9％、89．5％,对阔叶杂草蓼、苋防治效果比较理想：采用40％施田扑乳油3L／hm2封闭除草,对禾本科杂草防效可达63．9％,对阔叶杂草龙葵、藜、蓼、苋的防治效果分别达到75．0％、75．0％、66．7％、57．9％,阅叶杂草龙葵、藜比较理想。两种除草剂对禾本科杂草均较好的抑制生长效果。     

甘蔗地喷施几种除草剂防除杂草试验

通过试验结果表明，甘蔗地喷施几种除草剂，喷药后50天内，对种子萌发的单，双子叶杂草有显著的防腺效果，其中乙阿混剂防效95．34％，蔗田除草剂防效88．5％，对多年生杂草有一定防效。试验还表明，芽前或芽后除草剂可根据天气、劳力情况灵活的喷施。     

玉农乐防治夏玉米田杂草技术初探

40%玉农乐悬浮剂系日本石原产业株式会社生产的玉米田专用除草剂.试验表明:公顷单用40%玉农乐1125～1500mL或公顷用40%玉农乐750mL+40%莠去津750mL于杂草3～5叶期作茎叶处理,药后10d对禾本科杂草的防效达100%,对阔叶草的防效达85.5%以上.一次用药可有效防除夏玉米田杂草。     

不同除草剂对间作玉米大豆的药害及除草效果

采用盆栽方法模拟玉米大豆间作模式栽培,选用10种土壤处理除草剂和13种茎叶处理除草剂,研究不同除草剂对玉米、大豆生长发育的影响及杂草的防效。结果表明:通过试验筛选出药害轻或药害后能恢复的5种土壤处理剂和5种茎叶处理剂,5种土壤处理剂分别为二甲戊灵、精异丙甲草胺、扑·乙·滴丁酯、乙·嗪·滴丁酯、嗪酮·乙草胺,5种茎叶处理剂分别为灭草松、噻吩磺隆、双氟·唑嘧胺、氟醚·灭草松、咪唑乙烟酸。二甲戊灵和嗪酮·乙草胺的土壤处理中玉米、大豆的株高、茎粗和干物重与清水对照差异不显著,对玉米、大豆安全,株防效分别为60.58%和60.58%,鲜重防效分别为67.12%和55.35%。精异丙甲草胺影响间作玉米的株高和茎粗,但不影响玉米干物质的积累,株防效和鲜重防效分别为71.96%和78.83%,高于其它除草剂。茎叶处理中灭草松安对玉米、大豆的株高、茎粗和干物重与清水对照差异不显著,株防效为52.7%,低于其它除草剂。噻吩磺隆处理后,玉米、大豆的株高受到抑制,茎增粗,但药害能恢复,且除草效果高于其它处理,株防效和鲜重防效分别为73.88%和96.1%。土壤处理剂二甲戊灵和茎叶处理剂灭草松对玉米、大豆更安全,土壤处理剂精异丙甲草胺和茎叶处理剂噻吩磺隆除草效果更好。     

不同药剂处理对水田除草的效果分析

针对梅河口市水田杂草种类繁多、分布广、密度大的现状,选取5种混合药剂进行除草效果对比试验,结果表明:丁草胺加吡.扑.西混剂除草效果好,产量在各个处理中最高,且对水稻安全,建议在泽泻、慈菇较多的田块使用。     

桶混助剂在玉米田除草剂减施增效中的应用

桶混助剂是农药使用时与制剂产品搭配使用、现混现用的一种助剂。玉米田除草剂使用中合理添加桶混助剂能明显提高防治效果。介绍农药桶混助剂的定义、功能,并介绍玉米田化学除草基本情况,在此基础上分析桶混助剂对苗后茎叶处理除草剂、土壤处理除草剂的减施增效作用,展望桶混助剂未来的发展方向及市场前景。     

玉米穗位高遗传效应及其与环境互作效应分析

采用基因型×环境互作效应的加性-显性-母体遗传模型(ADM模型)分析方法,研究玉米穗位高性状遗传主效应及其与环境互作遗传效应。结果表明：玉米穗位高主要受显性效应控制,其次是受加性效应控制,同时还受显性×环境互作效应、母体×环境互作效应不同遗传控制体系基因型×环境互作效应显著影响。对穗位高性状的选择效果受环境影响较大,宜在较晚世代进行选择。育种中根据亲本穗位高在不同环境中遗传效应预测值组配杂交组合,提高玉米穗位高性状的选择效率。     

Control of volunteer cereals with post-emergence herbicides in maize (Zea mays L.)

Volunteer winter cereals are found sporadically in maize (Zea mays L.) fields across southern Ontario. Seven field trials were conducted over a two-year period (2006 and 2007) at four locations to determine the efficacy of five acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides for the control of volunteer cereals applied at two post-emergence application timings (2–4 and 4–7 maize leaf tips). The volunteer cereals were a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (‘Hyland AC Morley’), soft red winter wheat (‘Pioneer 25R47’), soft white winter wheat (‘Pioneer 25W41’), and a autumn rye (Secale cereale L.) (‘FR’) cultivar. Volunteer cereal competition in maize resulted in a yield reduction of up to 44%. Foramsulfuron, nicosulfuron, nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron provided greater than 70% control of the volunteer cereals at 56 days after treatment (DAT), while primisulfuron and rimsulfuron provided greater than 60% control. Volunteer cereal control with early and late application was greater than 82 and 61%, respectively. Hard red winter wheat was the most sensitive to the ALS-inhibiting herbicides with control of 84–93%. Soft red and soft white winter wheat cultivars were intermediate in sensitivity with control of 76–87%, while autumn rye was the least sensitive with control of at 56–71% control at 56 DAT. Maize yields were improved when volunteer cereals were controlled with the use of herbicides compared to the weedy control, but were lower than the weed-free control. Early herbicide application resulted in improved control of volunteer cereals and higher maize yield.     

黄土高原南部覆膜玉米农药使用现状

对位于黄土高原南部覆膜玉米产区的长武、旬邑、彬州、淳化和永寿5个县15个农药经销商和100个农户2017～2019年的农药使用现状进行调查分析.结果 表明,2019年杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂的销售量分别占农药销售总量的35.8％、26.1％和38.2％.杀虫剂主要种类有13种,杀菌剂主要种类有10多种,除草剂主要种类有1...     

How long can a herbicide remain in the spray tank without losing efficacy?

Five field trials were conducted over a three-year period (2006–2008) at two locations in southwestern Ontario to determine the length of time herbicides can remain in the spray tank prior to application in the field without impacting efficacy. Four pre-emergence and five post-emergence herbicides were mixed at their labelled rates and then applied in maize. Herbicides were either applied immediately after mixing in water, or after being held in solution for 1, 3 or 7 days. The most common weed species in the trials were Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and Chenopodium album. Holding the herbicides in spray solution for up to 7 days did not affect the efficacy of the post-emergence herbicides in this study. Similarly, control of A. retroflexus and C. album with the pre-emergence herbicides was not affected holding the herbicides in spray solution for up to 7 days. However, control of A. theophrasti was decreased when isoxaflutole plus atrazine, dimethenamid plus dicamba/atrazine, or rimsulfuron plus S-metolachlor plus dicamba was in spray solution for more than 1 day. Nonetheless, there were no decreases in yield for any of the treatments evaluated. These data provide valuable information which growers can use to make informed decisions on whether to apply herbicides in non-ideal weather or to postpone application. The results of this study suggest that for the herbicides and weed species tested it is better to postpone application rather than make applications under non-ideal conditions.     

Effects of mechanical and chemical methods on weed control,weed seed rain and crop yield in maize,sunflower and soyabean

Eight field experiments with maize (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were carried out in central Italy in order to evaluate the effects of mechanical and chemical methods (spring-tine harrowing, hoeing, hoeing-ridging, split-hoeing, finger-weeding, herbicides in the row + inter-row hoeing, herbicides broadcast) on weed control, weed seed rain and crop yield. The choice of chemical and mechanical treatments in maize and soyabean compared to sunflower, required to be managed more carefully in order to maximize the weed control reducing yield losses. A global rating of weed control methods, based on their weed control efficacy, was obtained as useful means to assist farmers and technicians to choose the more appropriate weed control method. The combination of herbicides intra-row and hoeing inter-row gave best efficacy (on average 99% of weed control), with a 50% reduction in the chemical load in the environment. Hoeing-ridging gave good results, both inter- and intra-row (on average 93% of weed control); this method was also effective in reducing competitive ability and seed production of uncontrolled weeds. Split-hoeing or finger-weeding showed some limitations giving satisfactory results only when combined. Harrowing gave lowest weed control, although when combined to other mechanical methods, can help achieve a better efficacy.