The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Phytase Transgenic Corn on Growth Performance,Phosphorus Utilization and Excretion in Growing Pigs （Sus scrofa）

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with phytase transgenic corn (PTC)on growth performance, phosphorus (P) utilization and excretion in growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 180 pigs (Large White ×Landrace, BW=37.7 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 9 pigs each in order to evaluate the effect of PTC supplementation in low-P diets on growth performance. Four corn soybean meal-based diets consisted of a positive control (PC) diet, a diet containing 500 units (U) of exogenous phytase kg-1 (EP) on the basis of low-P (inorganic P reduced by 0.05% from PC diet) and the low-P+500 (PTC1) or 750 (PTC2) phytase U ofPTC kg-1. In Exp. 2, 20 barrows (Large White×Landrace, BW=31 kg, 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 1 pig each) were randomly selected to evaluate the effect of PTC in low-P diets on serum parameters and nutrient utilization. Diets in Exp. 2 were similar to those in Exp. 1except that the EP group was replaced by a low-P diet without exogenous phytase supplementation as a negative control (NC) group. The results from Exp. 1 showed that the average daily gain (ADG) in the PTC2 group was significantly higher (P＜0.05) than that in the EP group over all periods. On the other hand, the feed:gain (F:G) ratio of the EP group was significantly higher (P＜0.05) than that of the PTC2 group during 1-21 and 1-42 d, respectively. There were no differences in average daily feed intake (ADFI) among all treatments (P＞0.05). The results from Exp. 2 showed that the concentration of serum Ca in the NC group was the highest (P＜0.05), while the concentration of serum P in the PTC2 group was the highest (P＜0.05) among all treatments. There was a significant decrease (P＜0.05) in the P apparent digestibility of the NC group compared with the other groups, and that of PTC2 group was the best. Furthermore, fecal P excretion was reduced (P＜0.05) from 1.80 g d-1 in the PC group to 1.28 g d-1 in the PTC2 group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PTC could reduce the application of inorganic P, decrease fecal P excretion, and improve the growth performance of growing pigs.     

Effects of Dietary Lysine on Growth Performance,Serum Concentrations of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I （IGF-I） and IGF-I mRNA Expression in Growing Rabbits

The effects of dietary lysine on production performance,serum concentrations of metabolites,growth hormone （GH）,insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I） and IGF-I mRNA expression in growing rabbits were examined.One hundred weaned New Zealand rabbits were allocated to individual cages and randomly offered a diet containing 5.5 （L1）,6.5 （L2）,7.5 （L3）,8.5 （L4）,or 9.5 g （L5） lysine per kg diet.The results showed that the average daily gain （ADG） of the rabbits from L3,L4 or L5 was higher than those from L1 or L2 （P 〈 0.05）.The feed gain ratio （F/G） in the rabbits from L4 or L5 was lower than those from L1 or L2 （P 〈 0.05）.Dietary lysine did not affect serum concentrations of total protein （TP）,glucose,insulin （INS）,and growth hormone （GH） （P 〉 0.05）.The quadratic effects of lysine on the serum urea nitrogen （SUN） concentration was detected （P = 0.035）.Serum IGF-I concentrations had a trend to increase quadratically with the increasing dietary lysine （P = 0.07）.A significant correlation was found between serum IGF-I concentrations （x,ng mL-1） and ADG （y,g kg-1）： y = -0.017x2 ＋ 1.984x ＋ 20.87 （R2 = 0.8982,P = 0.003）.The relative abundance of hepatic and muscular IGF-I mRNA tended to increase with increasing dietary lysine levels （P = 0.053 and 0.082,respectively）.Providing the diets mainly consisted of corn,wheat bran and peanut vine,the most appropriate dietary lysine level for growing meat rabbits from weaning to 70 d old was found to be 8.5 g kg-1,and IGF-I may be an important factor controlling growth of weaned rabbits.     

Effect of Eliminated the Breeding Pigs with Unqualified CSFV Antibody on Sows＇ Reproductive Performance and Pigs＇ Growth Performance

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effect of eliminated the breeding pigs with unqualified CSFV antibody on sow’s reproductive performance and pig’s growth performance so as to provide a scientific basis for the eliminating of the breeding pigs with unqualified CSFV antibody in large-scale pig farms.[Method] Serum samples from three scale pig farms were collected and tested with HerdChek CSFV-ELISA kit,then provided a certain scientific basis for scale pig farm to eliminate the unqualified(antibody blocking rate<50%)breeders after booster immunization.[Result ] After eliminating the breeding pigs with unqualified CSFV antibody,the average litter number of piglet in three pig farms(A,B,C)were increased by 0.29(P<0.05),0.40(P<0.01),0.39(P<0.01)respectively;the average number of survival piglets were increased by 0.54(P<0.01),0.35(P<0.01),0.62(P<0.01)respectively;the average litter number of weaned piglets were increased by 0.65(P<0.01),0.71(P<0.01),0.81(P<0.01)respectively.The difference in weight gain of piglet at 30-60 d of age was extremely significant(P<0.01),but inconspicuousness for the swine pregnancy rate,the survival rate of weaned piglet and piglet at 30-60 d of age.[Conclusion] The eliminating the breeding pigs with unqualified CSFV antibody can significantly improve the performance of breeder and piglets.     

Effect of Dietary Alanyl-glutamine Supplementation on Growth Performance,Development of Intestinal Tract,Antioxidant Status and Plasma Non-specific Immunity of Young Mirror Carp（Cyprinus carpio L.）

Exogenous alanyl-glutamine（Aln-Gln） was evaluated for its effects on growth performance, intestinal structure and function, antioxidant status and non-specific immunity of young carp（Cyprinus carpio L.）. Six diets supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 of Aln-Gln were fed to fish for 12 weeks. Supplementation with 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 of Aln-Gln significantly increased weight gain rate（WGR）, protein efficiency ratio（PER）, but feed conservation rate（FCR） and survival were not affected（P〉0.05）. The intestinal fold height and number, digestive enzyme, Na＋, K＋-ATPase activities was found to be significantly high（P〈0.05） with increasing dietary Aln-Gln supplementation up to 7.5 g · kg-1, but there were no significant differences for Aln-Gln supplementation from 7.5 to 15.0 g · kg-1. The glutathione peroxidase（GPX） activity, glutathione（GSH）, superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity increased and malondialdehyde（MDA） levels decreased significantly（P〈0.05） in the intestine, hepatopancreas, plasma and muscles. The plasma complement-3（C3） and complement-4（C4） levels were significantly（P〈0.05） improved at 5.0 g · kg-1 level and decreased when over 7.5 g · kg-1. The plasma lysozyme（LSZ） activity increased significantly（P〈0.05） at 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 level. In summary, the results showed that Aln-Gln improved growth performance, development and function of the intestine, the activity of the antioxidant defense system and the plasma non-specific immunity of the carps. The optimal Aln-Gln level was 8.24 g · kg-1 diet for WGR based on broken-line regression model analysis.     

日粮中添加酶解小麦蛋白对南美白对虾生长及非特异性免疫功能的影响

为探讨酶解小麦蛋白(Hydrolyzed wheat gluten,HWG)对南美白对虾Litopenaeus vannamei生长性能及免疫机能的影响,试验选用体质量为3.0～3.5 g的南美白对虾750尾,随机分为5个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾,饲养于水族箱内.处理1:对照组(基础日粮);处理2:基础日粮...     

低聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

为了研究低聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响,试验选用(28±2)日龄荣昌断奶仔猪,在基础日粮相同的情况下进行分组试验,每组6个重复,每重复8头猪。各组日粮中除对照组外,分别添加低聚果糖(0.4%)、低聚木糖(0.02%)、低聚果糖+低聚木糖(分别为0.4%和0.02%),试验为期4周。结果表明:与对照组比较,日粮中添加0.4%低聚果糖、0.02%低聚木糖均显著提高了平均日增重(P<0.05),降低了腹泻率(P<0.05),添加低聚果糖还显著提高平均日采食量(P<0.05),添加低聚木糖显著降低了料肉比(P<0.05)。此外,与对照组比较,添加低聚木糖显著降低了总胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度(P<0.05),低聚果糖组高密度脂蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),低聚果糖和低聚木糖对谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。通过对添加低聚糖饲养猪只各项指标的测试,低聚糖能显著改善断奶仔猪的生长性能。     

谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫性能的影响

研究了不同水平的谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生产性能、免疫功能的影响。试验选用80头28±1d断奶、体重为6.16±0.13 kg的长白×约克夏仔猪,按单因素完全随机化设计随机分为5个处理,日粮中谷氨酰胺的添加量分别为0、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%和1.2%。试验期21 d。在断奶后7 d1、4 d2、1 d测定生产性能和淋巴细胞转化率,同时在断奶后7 d,每处理选4头仔猪免疫卵清白蛋白(OVA),于免疫前和免疫后第7天和第14天前腔静脉采血测定血清OVA抗体水平。结果表明:①随着谷氨酰胺添加量的增加,早期断奶仔猪日增重、日采食量提高(P≤0.05),料肉比下降(P>0.05);②谷氨酰胺能提高早期断奶仔猪淋巴细胞转化率和特异OVA抗体效价,提高仔猪的免疫性能;③综合生长性能与免疫性能,谷氨酰胺的最佳添加剂量为1.2%。     

新型发酵豆粕对断乳仔猪生长及生理生化的影响

选用健康、体况相似,体重为(4.753±0.38)kg的26日龄杜枫姜断乳仔猪90头,分为对照组和2个试验组,每组3个重复,各重复10头.对照组饲喂普通豆粕,试验I组用17.5%的新型发酵豆粕替代基础日粮中的普通豆粕,试验Ⅱ组用35%的新型发酵豆粕完全替代基础日粮中的普通豆粕,饲养时间为20 d.结果表明,试验I、Ⅱ组仔猪平均日增重显著高于对照组(PO.05).说明新型发酵豆粕可提高断乳仔猪生产性能和养分表观消化率,改善其血液生化指标水平,且以发酵豆粕完全替代普通豆粕时效果最佳.     

饲粮尿素添加水平对生长育肥牛生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

【目的】利用肉牛饲养试验研究饲粮尿素添加水平对生长育肥牛生长性能和血液生化指标的影响,为肉牛生产中合理添加尿素提供理论依据。【方法】选择60头利木赞×复洲杂交的F1公牛,随机分为6组,每组10头,分别接受1个尿素添加水平的饲粮处理。设置6个粗蛋白和代谢能值相近（14% CP,11.3 MJ•kg-1,DM基础）的饲粮处理,其中尿素添加量分别为0%（对照）、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%和2.0%。试验期14周,其中预饲期1周,正试期13周。【结果】随尿素添加水平的提高,干物质摄入量（dry matter intake,DMI）无显著变化（P＞0.1）,但日增重呈线性规律显著下降（L,P＜0.05）,饲料转化效率（DMI/ADG（average daily gain））呈现线性规律显著上升（L,P＜0.05）。其中,尿素添加水平在0.8%以内未见日增重和饲料转化效率（DMI/ADG）有显著变化。提高饲粮尿素添加水平,血氨浓度线性上升（L,P＜0.001）;而血浆总蛋白和血浆尿素氮（plasma urea-N,PUN）浓度呈二次曲线规律升高（Q,P＜0.001）,其中血浆总蛋白和PUN浓度分别在1.50%和0.64%（%DM）尿素添加水平下出现拐点。提高饲粮尿素添加水平对谷丙转氨酶活性没有显著影响（P＞0.1）,但会导致谷草转氨酶活性呈线性升高（L,P＜0.001）。在反映肉牛应激状况的激素指标中,除肾上腺素外,肌酸激酶活性、去甲肾上腺素、皮质醇、皮质酮和醛固酮浓度等均呈显著的二次曲线规律上升或下降（Q,P＜0.05）;其中,上升或下降趋势的变化出现在0.8%-1.2%尿素添加水平。【结论】生长育肥牛饲粮中尿素添加水平在0.8%以内,或尿素氮占总氮比例在16%以内,可认为是适宜的安全添加水平。     

不同剂型丁酸钠对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清指标的影响

选用48头28日龄体重为(7.56±0.36)kg的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分为A、B、C组,分别饲喂基础饲粮、基础饲粮+1 000 mg/kg粉剂丁酸钠、基础饲粮+300 mg/kg的包膜丁酸钠,研究不同剂型丁酸钠对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响.结果表明:与A组相比,丁酸钠对断奶仔猪日均采食量有一定的影响,添...     

重组人乳铁蛋白对断奶仔猪生产性能及血清生化指标的影响

【目的】研究重组人乳铁蛋白对断奶仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响。【方法】选取 28 日 龄,体重均匀的断奶仔猪 180 头,试验设 6 个处理,每个处理 3 次重复,每个重复 10 头仔猪（公母各半）。A 处理饲喂基础日粮,作为对照;B 处理添加抗生素,在基础日粮中添加 1 g/kg 10% 的杆菌肽锌 +200 mg/kg 10% 的抗敌素;C、D、E、F 处理在基础日粮基础上分别添加 160、320、480、640 mg/kg 重组人乳铁蛋白。试验为 期 28 d。【结果】（1）试验末重与日均增重 B、C、D、E、F 处理均显著高于 A 处理,日均采食量 B、E 处理 显著高于 A 处理,料重比 B、D、E、F 处理显著低于 A 处理,腹泻指数 B、D、E、F 处理显著低于 A、C 处理。 （2）E 处理血清白蛋白、总蛋白含量显著高于 A 处理,B、E 处理血清尿素氮含量显著低于 A 处理。（3）血 清总抗氧化能力,C、D、E、F 处理显著高于 A 处理。D、F 处理血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于 A 处 理,E 处理血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于 A、B 处理,MDA 浓度 A 处理显著高于 C、D、E、F 处理。【结 论】断奶仔猪日粮中添加重组人乳铁蛋白能提高断奶仔猪生长性能、改善血清生化指标及提高抗氧化能力。 综合试验结果,重组人乳铁蛋白添加量为 480 mg/kg 的效果最好。     

不同水平精氨酸生素对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液指标的影响

为了研究日粮中添加精氨酸生素(Arginine Activator Additive,AAA)对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和血液指标的影响,本试验选用21日龄体重为6.20±0.31kg的杜×长×大健康仔猪272头,随机分为5组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮的基础上,分别添加0.03%、0.06%、0.09%和0.12%的AAA,试验期为7d。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,各试验组仔猪平均日采食量(ADFI)和日增重(ADG)均有提高的趋势,而料肉比(F/G)则下降;其中,0.09%和0.12%的AAA试验组ADFI、ADG显著提高(P<0.05),而F/G则显著降低(P<0.05);各试验组仔猪腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,各试验组血浆精氨酸(Arg)和脯氨酸(Pro)有升高的趋势,AAA添加量为0.09%的试验组Arg含量与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);0.09%和0.12%的AAA试验组总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、胰岛素(INS)、一氧化氮(NO)和总一氧化氮合酶(tNOS)水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而尿氮(BUN)、血氨(AMM)和皮质醇(COR)水平则均低...     

不同加工工艺饲料对断奶仔猪生长及血液指标的影响

选择生长状况良好、健康、体重均在10kg左右的28 d断奶仔猪150头,随机分成5个处理组,在同一日粮基础上,分别用粉料、颗粒料、膨化料、先膨化后粉碎、先粉碎后制粒5种不同的加工工艺饲料饲喂.以探讨不同加工工艺的饲料对早期断奶仔猪的生长性能和部分血液指标的影响.结果表明,制粒可以提高仔猪平均日增重,膨化可以有效地减少仔猪的腹泻,并且膨化还可以在一定程度上提高仔猪血糖、总蛋白、球蛋白(P＜0.05)的含量;制粒会降低仔猪碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活性,增加仔猪谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性.     

L-肉碱对异育银鲫生长、肌肉组成和血液生化指标的影响

以异育银鲫为试验对象,研究L-肉碱对其生长、肌肉组成和血液生化指标的影响.结果表明,饲料中添加L-肉碱均不同程度提高异育银鲫平均尾重,其中200 mg·kg-1组增重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,200 mg·kg-1组肌肉水分含量显著降低(P＜0.05),粗蛋白含量显著升高(P＜0.05),200 mg·kg-1(P＜0.05)和250 mg·kg-1(P＜0.01)组粗脂肪含量显著降低;L-肉碱可提高异育银鲫生长激素含量,200 mg·kg-1组比对照组高11.32%(P＜0.05);150 mg·kg-1组的血清总胆固醇(CHO)和尿素氮(BUN)含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),200 mg·kg-1和250 mg·kg-1组降幅达到极显著水平(P＜0.01);L-肉碱还可在一定程度上改善鱼体肌肉氨基酸含量和组成.研究表明,L-肉碱可促进异育银鲫生长,提高饲料转化率,改善鱼体质量风味,添加量以200 mg·kg-1的效果最好.