CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER ON THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL EXTENDED SURFACE TUBE ATTACHED BY A POROUS DRAINAGE STRIP

An experimental study was carried out for the condensation heat transfer on the three dimensional extended surface tube attached by a porous drainage strip. The results show that the combination of the three dimensional extended surface and the porous drainage strip is the effective method enhancing condensation heat tiansfer on the horizontal tube. The change of the shape arid depth of the axial grooves results in a 10% vaitation of condensation heal transfer coei ficienls. In the range of the experiments, for aocohol as the working fluid, the enhancement is up to 152%, and for water, 185% as compared with the horizontal low-finned tube.     

THE EFFECT OF STRESS ON PERMEABILITY OE COAL AND POROUS ROCK AND FRACTURED ROCK

In this paper, the permeability of coal, porous rock (sandstone), fractured rock(limestone) varifies with different confining pressure is discussed. Exponential functions between permeability and confining pressure are concluded. As a primary exploratiotion of permeability, it is significant to study coal and rock seepage characteristics and methane emission prediction. It is also useful in mine methane drainage system design.     

Analysis and numerical simulation of fluid-structure coupling of gas drainage from boreholes

Gas drainage from boreholes is main method of utilization and management of Chinese coal seam gas. As the exploitation depth increases, stress field and other factors on the impact of gas seepage are increasingly apparent. Based on the basis of a series of assumptions of coal seam gas, porosity and permeability equations are described by considering stress, coal seam gas pressure change on the coal produced by deformation of the skeleton. The fluid-structure coupling equations are derived by using the basic theorem of porous media flow and the fluid structure coupling theory. The gas seepage field is simulated and analyzed by using multi-physics coupling analysis software. The effect of gas pressure distribution, different burial depths and different drilling parameters (drainage negative pressure, drilling radius) on gas seepage field is obtained. Analysis of simulation results can provide theoretical guidance for on-site gas drainage.     

带状种植小麦带型—群体—产量相关规律的研究

本研究在高产田条件下, 选用中穗型冬小麦品种泰876161, 在留有70 cm间套行条件下, 研究了带状种植小麦的带型—群体—产量相关规律。 主要结果是： (1) 带状小麦同常规方式, 在精量播种下获得高产。 大播量、 大群体栽培减产。 (2) 带状小麦实播面积下降, 最优群体产量较常规方式最优产量减产。 带型愈窄, 实播面积愈     

牛妊娠相关糖蛋白6快速检测试纸条的制备及应用

奶牛妊娠的早期诊断至关重要,妊娠相关糖蛋白6(PAG6)是母体胎盘组织分泌至外周循环中的特异蛋白质,因此,本研究致力于制备牛妊娠相关糖蛋白6快速检测试纸条。制备牛妊娠相关糖蛋白6多克隆抗体,将其稀释后加样至NC膜上,通过固定和封闭制备出一种可检测boPAG6的快速检测试纸条,在试纸条上加入待检血清进行孵育后洗涤,再加入二抗孵育后洗涤,最后加入显色液显色后进行快速检测。标准化快速检测试纸条是将抗体用PBS稀释成10μg/mL点样至NC膜上,在37℃温箱中固定抗体30 min,经5%的脱脂奶粉封闭后制成。待检血清滴加至试纸条后,在37℃温箱中孵育1 h后,进行洗涤和二抗孵育,最后在DAB显色试剂盒作用下显色3 min即可判定。临床检测的初步应用表明,在未孕与怀孕奶牛的混合血清中仍然可以判定是否怀孕,快速检测试纸条特异性强;血清在稀释3200倍的最低检测限时,快速检测试纸条的敏感性良好;而且该结果与ELISA的符合率在80%之上。试验重复性良好,并能在4℃和-20℃条件下保存2周。建立了一种奶牛早期妊娠诊断的快速检测试纸条并应用于初步的妊娠诊断。     

牛旁检测诊断产后初期奶牛亚临床酮病研究

酮病是奶牛的一种重要的营养代谢病。采用酮粉法、尿液分析试纸条、乳汁分析试纸条、试剂盒法分别对乳酮、尿酮和血酮含量进行检测,以血清β-羟丁酸含量1200μmol/L作为健康奶牛和亚临床酮病奶牛的诊断标准。乳汁检测试纸条和尿液分析试纸条的诊断标准分别为200μmol/L和15mg/dl（1470μmol/L）。酮病牛血清β-羟丁酸和葡萄糖的浓度分别为726±43μmol/L、3.42±0.05mmol/L,健康牛血清β-羟丁酸和葡萄糖的浓度分别为2563±238μmol/L、2.78±0.07mmol/L,差异显著（P<0.05）。乳汁分析试纸条的敏感性和特异性分别为67%和92%,尿液分析试纸条的敏感性和特异性分别为57%和85%,酮粉的敏感性和特异性的敏感性和特异性分别为60%和94%。使用乳汁分析试纸条牛旁检测是一种有效的奶牛亚临床酮病诊断方法。     

黄曲霉毒素B1荧光定量快速检测试纸卡和仪器技术性能优化研究

基于时间分辨荧光微球制备的黄曲霉毒素B₁荧光定量快速检测试纸卡,通过两线及三线试纸卡灵敏度与重复性的对比,筛选出效果更优的三线试纸卡,并对三线试纸卡不同性能要求进行检测验证。结果表明,黄曲霉毒素B₁三线试纸卡检出限与定量限符合要求,准确度、重复性、稳定性等均达到更优的效果,更能满足检测需求。     

由普通光学显微镜获得具有三维立体效果图像的可行性及其前景展望

用普通显微镜对幼根石蜡切片观察时,内皮层及凯氏带图像缺乏三维显示效果,为此本研究提出一种获得小扁豆内皮层及凯氏带三维显示效果图像的方法。利用石蜡制片技术和普通光学显微镜获得小扁豆内皮层及凯氏带的数码照片,用word软件对这种二维平面图像进行光学信息解析,即可获得具有三维立体效果的解剖学图像。结果表明小扁豆内皮层及凯氏带的二维平面图像经光学信息处理后,可获得具有三维立体效果的、类似扫描电镜的数码照片,能清楚地观察到小扁豆的内皮层及“凯氏带”结构,并发现二维平面图像中的所谓“凯氏带”,是由内皮层细胞的原生质体在制片过程中脱水收缩形成,不是真正的“凯氏带”结构。普通光学显微镜的成像光及其数码照片中蕴含着大量的、有关成像物体的三维结构和化学成分等信息,这些丰富的光学信息目前尚未能进行深入解析。     

双重检测马铃薯X和Y病毒试纸条制备技术研究

为了实现在马铃薯种薯生产田现场同时快速检测马铃薯X（PVX）和Y病毒（PVY）,利用胶体金标记和免疫层析技术研制了PVX-PVY双重检测试纸条。采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金溶液,在波长526nm处有最大吸收值,金颗粒直径约25nm。同时标记PVX和PVY兔多克隆抗体,将抗体标记物喷射于玻璃纤维纸上,作为金标垫。将PVX和PVY抗体分别划线于硝酸纤维素膜上作为检测线,将羊抗兔抗体划线于硝酸纤维素膜上作为质控线,制备胶体金试纸条。结果表明,研制的双重试纸条能够在2min之内同时检出PVX和PVY。PVX病汁液检测稀释限度可达10⁶倍（W/V）,PVY可达10⁵倍（W/V）,其中对PVX检测更灵敏。用其他4种常见病毒（PVS、PLRV、PVA和PVM）检测,未出现交叉反应。在田间采集马铃薯叶片,分别利用试纸条与DAS-ELISA检测,结果一致性非常高。由此可知,该试纸条具有操作简便、反应快捷的特点,特别适用于田间及口岸一线对于马铃薯X和Y病毒的同时检测。     

以作物残茬为生物篱在裸露农田营建防风带技术的研究

根据农田防护林等生物篱网防治农田风蚀的原理,把作物残茬作为生物篱间隔插入马铃薯裸露农田,形成以残茬为生物篱的农田防护篱网,可以解决北方旱作马铃薯生产基地农田严重风蚀问题,核心技术是利用残茬把连片的裸露农田间隔分成宽7.2m以下的带田,形成留茬带与裸露带间作的农田,不仅使留茬带的风蚀量降低80%以上,其裸露带的风蚀量也降低50%以上,取得防治马铃薯裸露农田的风蚀沙化,保护和提高耕地质量的实效。总结提出在北方旱作区采用麦类/油菜等条播作物留茬与马铃薯等根茎类作物间作轮作营建裸露农田防风篱网的保护性耕作技术。     

Interaction Working Behavior About the Internal and External Wall of Foam in place Cavity Wall

In order to study the stability of foam in place cavity wall, the capacity of reinforced concrete strip ear and tie involving in cavity wall deformation, the broken shapes and mechanical performance of the cavity wall, the effective measures was seaked to improve deformation capacity and overall performance of the cavity wall.13 patches of cavity wall and 1 patch of solid wall were built and seismic tests of which were carried out.The lnfluence of some constructional measures on mechanical behavior and deformation properties of the wall and vertical pressure and insulation layer thickness on the relative displacement difference of the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall was analyzed.Finally, the capability of reinforced concrete strip ear and tie working interactively between the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall was analyzed.It is found that deformation capacity of the cavity wall is improved efficiently with constructional column and the high bonding strength, shearing strength and pressure strength of foam in place insulating mortar have certainly a positive influence on the bearing capacity of the wall.The reinforced concrete strip ears play the leading role in reinforcing connection of the internal and external wall of foam in place cavity wall and guaranteeing out plane stability of the external wall.When walls crack seriously, the ties can play an important role in supporting and drawing the wall and preventing wall collapse.Furthermore, the reinforced concrete strip ears and ties which are the main construction measures to coordinate the internal and external wall work together perform a great variety of tasks.Therefore, the reinforced concrete strip ears and ties should be designed rationally to guarantee playing their respective roles.     

毛尖紫萼藓(Grimmia pilifera)总蛋白质双向电泳体系的建立

为开展毛尖紫萼藓(Grimmia pilifera)的蛋白质组学研究,本研究对毛尖紫萼藓(Grimmia pilifera)总蛋白质提取方法和双向电泳参数进行了筛选和优化,以期建立适合毛尖紫萼藓蛋白质双向电泳的实验体系。分别采用Tris-酚抽提法和TCA-丙酮法对毛尖紫萼藓总蛋白质进行提取,比较分析了两种蛋白质提取方法的效果,并研究了IPG胶条的pH范围及蛋白质电泳上样量等因素对毛尖紫萼藓蛋白质双向电泳结果的影响。结果发现,在SDS-PAGE电泳结果中,与TCA-丙酮法相比,Tris-酚抽提法提取的蛋白质条带清晰,数目较多,完整性较好;在双向电泳结果中发现,与pH值为3~10的IPG胶条相比,使用pH值为4~7的IPG胶条的双向电泳图谱蛋白质点清晰且分布均匀,更适合毛尖紫萼藓的蛋白质组学分析;使用24 cm的pH值为4~7胶条,上样1200μg蛋白质时,电泳结果中可分辨的蛋白质点最多,且形状规则,水平和垂直拖尾情况较轻,图像清晰。本研究基于Tris-酚抽提法建立的毛尖紫萼藓蛋白质双向电泳体系获得的蛋白质样品质量好,电泳分辨率高,为毛尖紫萼藓进一步的蛋白质组学研究提供理论参考。     

复配保鲜剂对半熟化马铃薯丝低温贮藏生理生化变化的影响

以马铃薯为试材,研究复配保鲜剂对半熟化马铃薯丝低温贮藏生理生化变化的影响。结果表明：在（8±0.5）℃贮藏条件下,与对照相比,用复配保鲜剂处理能明显抑制半熟化马铃薯丝的呼吸强度,降低PPO和POD的活性,减少失水率,延缓VC和还原糖含量的下降,可使马铃薯丝的保鲜期达到30 d以上,并保持其正常的食用品质。     

Influence of subsurface drainage on the productivity of poorly drained paddy fields

Because of the relatively flat topography of Northern Iran consolidated paddy fields and inadequate natural drainage facilities, these lands are usually confronted with waterlogging due to periodic excess of water from rainfall during the wet months. The productivity of these areas could be greatly increased if their drainage problems were solved by subsurface drainage. Subsurface drainage may also facilitate the mid-season drainage (MSD), one of the water management methods during the rice growing season. A drainage pilot consisting of surface and subsurface drainage with different drain depths and spacings was designed at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran, to explore the effect of different drainage systems on the productivity of paddy fields. Rice cultivation was carried out during two cropping seasons, 2011 and 2012. In 2011, after rice harvest, canola seed was cultivated in the subsurface drained area. For MSD, the fields were drained 25 days after rice transplanting and remained drained for 7 days. Randomized complete block design was used to find the effect of drainage on crops. The implementation of MSD through subsurface drainage, significantly increased yield, yield components and growth parameters of rice. Rice yield of the subsurface drained area was approximately 1.22–1.66 and 1.32–1.7 times higher than that of the surface drained area in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Subsurface drainage provided better condition for canola cropping while, because of waterlogging, it was not possible under surface drainage. An economic analysis showed that the cost of installing subsurface drainage systems was readily justified by annual increased rice and canola yields. Based on the results, the introduction of the subsurface drainage resulted in an increase in both crop yield and cropping intensity in the study area.     

条深旋耕作方式对早春玉米产量性能的影响

以益农103为试验材料,选择条深旋耕、普通旋耕和免耕3种耕作方式,比较分析了不同耕作方式对早春季玉米产量性能的影响。结果表明:条深旋耕条件下玉米的产量比普通旋耕和免耕分别增产11.1%和17.6%,干物质产量分别增加8.5%和12.9%。条深旋耕条件下开花后叶面积指数(LAI)较长的高值持续期有利于干物质积累量的增加。群体光合势(LAD)、平均作物生长率(MCGR)、平均叶面积指数(MLAI)、平均净同化率(MNAR)、开花期穗位叶绿素含量(SPAD)和净光合速率(Pn)的增加提高了作物的光合速率和光合产物向子粒转运的速率,同时也提高了穗粒数和千粒重。说明条深旋耕作措施有利于改善早春玉米群体产量性能,从而获得较高的产量。     

无芒雀麦单播和与沙打旺带状间作下的生产力与土壤水分比较研究

田间测定结果表明,无芒雀麦与沙打旺带状间作种植可以显著提高无芒雀麦的生产力,使其绿期延长,并促进了沙打旺的生长。在水分利用方面,无芒雀麦与沙打旺带状间作能够较好地保蓄浅层土壤水分和利用土壤深层水分,有利于土壤水分的利用和循环。     

大庆地区委陵菜属植物花粉形态研究

植物的花粉在遗传上具有较强的保守性和稳定性,对于探讨植物的分类、起源和系统演化具有重要意义。该试验利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对大庆地区9种委陵菜属植物的花粉粒进行了形态比较研究。结果表明,9种委陵菜在光镜和4000倍扫描电镜下,显示出较多的相似性;在8000倍以上扫描电镜下,表面纹饰分为三种类型：非双棱脊条状纹饰、多沟脊条状纹饰和无沟条状纹饰,脊宽在0.11μm-0.29μm之间,脊间宽在0.37μm-0.78μm之间,脊连续或不连续,表面具穴或微颗粒,孔沟形状为条形和裂缝状。从分析9种委陵菜属植物花粉形态的系统演化及分类特征来看,9种委陵菜花粉的演化趋势与传统分类的演化基本保持一致。     

Preliminary Discussion on Mixing Design of Porous Concrete

Porous concrete is an eco-concrete with high porosity and high strength,whose application was restricted to some extent,because there is lack of appropriate and unitive mixing design method.According to the features of porous concrete,proportion design idea of porous concrete whose major design parameter was porosity and strength was satisfied by changing variety of cementing material and aggregate size.The design method of porous concrete was that the raw materials were selected according to design requirement at first,secondly,aggregate dosage per unit volume of porous concrete was calculated,thirdly,dosage of cementing material was calculated by apparent density of aggregate and porosity of design requirement,finally,cement dosage of the unit physical volume and water dosage were calculated by water cement ratio deter mined by requirement of forming process.The test result indicated that this mixing design method of porous concrete was reliable and feasible.     

叶丝加料工艺对三类卷烟烟叶原料使用的影响

为了缓解卷烟工业企业较高等级紧缺烟叶原料使用需求,提高较低等级非紧缺烟叶原料配方使用比例,优化烟叶库存结构,[方法]以三类卷烟为试验材料,将其制丝工艺由传统叶片加料转换为叶丝加料工艺,在叶组配方中增加不同比例较低等级非紧缺烟叶原料使用比例,并针对性地增施不同比例香精,测定和比较制成的卷烟产品质量风格变化。[结果]结果表明,将三类卷烟的制丝工艺由传统叶片加料工艺转换为叶丝加料后,卷烟产品感官质量风格得到强化和提升；在叶组配方中掺入5%比例的较低等级非紧缺烟叶原料制成的卷烟产品感官质量风格保持稳定,但随着叶组配方中较高等级紧缺原料使用比例的降低,较低等级烟叶原料使用比例的增加,卷烟产品感官质量风格呈逐渐弱化和变差的趋势；通过在叶组配方中掺入15%比例的较低等级非紧缺烟叶原料,同时提高香精施加比例的10%,能够使得叶丝加料工艺制成的三类卷烟产品感官质量、物理质量和烟气成分保持稳定,较高等级紧缺烟叶原料使用比例降低13.1%。[结论]因此叶丝加料工艺的应用能够降低卷烟工业企业较高等级紧缺烟叶原料配方使用比例,提高较低等级非紧缺烟叶原料配方使用比例,提高企业经济效益。