高陡边坡整体与局部失稳的强度折减及安全度判别分析

为了实现从整体和局部都能较为准确地分析弧状高陡边坡安全稳定性,指导露天采矿高陡边坡设计,采用有限差分强度折减法分析边坡稳定性,获得边坡整体的安全系数。对每个计算单元引入安全度进行分析,获得边坡局部安全系数;将最大节点位移时步曲线收敛性作为边坡失稳的判定准则,弥补了采用其他准则时由于人为指定容差而引起的较大误差;以某铁矿西南边坡为例,运用FISH语言编制强度折减法、失稳准则和安全度相关程序进行计算。研究表明：有限差分强度折减法、基于最大节点位移时步曲线收敛性的失稳准则和计算单元安全度相结合的边坡稳定性分析方法适合于弧状边坡稳定性分析,研究为弧状高陡边坡设计提出了新的思路。     

水平荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩非线性分析

在综合分析现有水平荷载作用下桩基分析方法的基础上,建立了考虑桩侧土体受力状态的斜坡刚性桩力学模型;根据极限平衡原理,建立横向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩弯矩和应力平衡方程;引入考虑斜坡影响的p-y曲线方法,提出了综合考虑桩侧土体极限承载力与水平抗力系数沿深度呈线性增加的侧向极限承载力与土体抗力承载力系数计算方法,同时,将该方法应用于计算实例,通过与已有有限元和理论计算方法对比分析,计算结果验证了本文方法的合理性与可行性;并利用该方法,分析了斜坡坡角、桩土接触面系数以及地基水平抗力系数对斜坡刚性桩承载特性的影响因素。分析表明:斜坡的坡角、桩土接触面系数对侧向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩的荷载位移曲线影响明显,而桩侧土的抗力系数对侧向荷载作用下斜坡刚性桩的荷载位移曲线影响不明显。     

Couple Analysis of the Slice and Gravity Increasing Methods of Slope Stability

The finite element or finite difference method and the limit equilibrium method, with their respective merits, were used to analyze soil slope stability in detail. On the basis of the slice and gravity increase methods, a fundamental principle of couple analysis, and a procedure for calculating the slope safety factor were put forward. ANSYS finite element software and finite difference software FLAC were used to determine the most dangerous sliding face and the stress-stain in slopes. The slope safety factor was determined using the slices limit equilibrium method. The calculation shows that the result obtained using couple analysis is close to the results produced using other methods in the example, and the analysis of the effects of the intensity indices is more precise. The results can provide a basis for consolidating design of the sliding slope.     

The Finite Element Method for Frame Structure with Fuzzy Elastic Connections

The connections of frame structure elements at a node are ofen an elastic connection between hinged and rigid.In this paper,the stiffness matrix and the loading transfer matrix of frame element with turn elastic connections is deduced,the cross shear effect has been taken into consideration simultaneously.The stiffness matrices of some bar elements,such as both ends of the bar are hinged or rigid and one end is hinged but the other is rigid,are special cases of the stiffness matrices presented in this paper.After pointing out that the elastic coefficient at a node of a bar element with elastic joint is really a fuzzy quantity,the fuzzy stiffness matrix of the bar element is obtained,and a solution to structural fuzzy finite element equilibrium equations is presented.The fuzzy solution obtained from above is not only containing the solution of ordinary finite element method but also providing some additional informations with practical value.[WT5HZ]     

Finite Element Reliability Analysis of the Stability of a Slope

The whole reliability index of a slope is derived through using the strength reduction method in the finite element analysis, which can make use of the former finite element program and can be used to both linear and nonlinear finite element analysis. The affection of the evaluation of derivative and the selection of reliability analysis methods is discussed, which shows that it is very important to select the type of limit state function of the slope stability. A new iterafive formula, which can consider the correlation of fundamental parameters, is proposed for FORM, and the convergence is very well.     

Rainfall''s Effect on the Stability of Unsaturated Slopes

Aimed to analyze the influence of rainfall on slope stability. The finite element method (FEM) is used for the calculation of 2-D transient seepage in the unsaturated slope, while the method of limit equilibrium is used for computing its safety factor. The change of pore water pressure, slip surface and safety factor are investigated through numerical calculations with consideration of various intensity and duration of rainfall. Special attention has been paid to slope stability after rainfall. It is found that sometimes the minimum safety factor may occur several hours or several days after the rainfall, instead of the time during the rainfall or when the rain just stops.     

土体抗剪强度指标变异水平对边坡稳定安全系数取值的影响

针对传统的边坡稳定极限平衡方法不能考虑土体抗剪强度指标变异性影响的问题,基于极限状态的概率分析原理,采用Monte-Carlo法对均质路堤边坡的稳定性开展了可靠度计算,讨论了稳定安全系数一定的条件下边坡失效概率随土体抗剪强度指标变异水平的变化规律,分析了安全系数与边坡可靠指标的对应关系及其随土体抗剪强度指标变异水平的变化特征。研究表明：边坡可靠度受土体抗剪强度指标变异性影响显著,呈现出随土体抗剪强度指标变异水平提高而急剧减小的趋势;为保证边坡具有相同的可靠性,安全系数的取值应与土体抗剪强度指标的变异性相适应,据此提出了基于可靠指标和土体抗剪强度指标变异水平的安全系数取值原则及其对应的三参数函数关系式。     

Finite Element Method of 3D Stable Heat Conduction of Steel Fluid in Continuous Casting Moulds

The heat transfer of steel fluid in continuous casting mould is a stable process and can be depicted with three-dimensional stable heat conduction equation depending on tension speed. The corresponding finite element equation, including the first, second and third boundary conditions, is deduced out with Galerkin residual method. The coded FEM program is used to analyze the temperature distribution of Q235 steel in continuous billet casting mould. The method proposed is a foundation of thermo-mechanical coupled analysis for the formation of solidified shells and stress in the shells in continuous casting.     

Impact Analysis on Design Parameters about Service Behavior ofCantilever Anti slide Piles

Directing toward the flow design of cantilever anti slide piles, the thesis which is based on foundation coefficient method and finite element method mainly analyzes service behavior influences by changing several design parameters, such as cross section     

Application of Object-oriented FEM in Developing Simulation Software System

Based on object-oriented method, the classes of object-oriented finite element are defined. The finite element program of static, dynamic characteristics and stability analyses for spatial frame structures is developed with c++ object_oriented language which is successfully incorporated into a computer simulation system of derricks. The results of static, dynamic characteristics and stability analysis for the derricks of F320-A and JJ250/42-K types, obtained with the developed system, are consistent with those obtained by a commercial software, which illustrates the correctness of object-oriented FEM and the reliability of the simulation software.     

Study on Temperature Fiele of Cast Iron Compound Roll in Slab Hot Rolling

In this paper,a finite element method coupling thermo-elasticity is used to ana-lyze the temperature field of cast iron compund roll in hot rollin8 slab mill.A technique to deal withthe bou ndary of heat and load in rotation is developed.     

Three-dimensional finite element analysis for thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic performances for a water lubricated bearing system

Three-dimensional liquid-solid coupling finite element analysis for thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic performances for a water-lubricated bearing system is conducted using finite element code, based on the influence coefficient method, and nonlinear optimization method. Meanwhile, the code is validated. Numerical results show that significant elastic deformation and thermal deformation, contact pressure with certain amplitude, and large temperature rise over the range of the small film thickness-roughness ratio can occur for the bearing. Therefore, the above deformation and temperature rise should be considered in designs and applications of water-lubricated bearings.     

The Recent Progress of the Slope Stability Analysis Methods

The slope stability is an important research content in rock mechanics. In recent years, the great achievement has been gained for the slope stability analysis methods. The deterministic analysis methods, including limit equilibrium theory, numerical analysis method, graphic method and compound method, have been developed. The stochastic analysis method and the fuzzy analysis method come forward. The recent progress of the slope stability analysis methods is analyzed in this paper. The trend of progress of the slope stability is studied.     

Some Notes on the Variational Principles of Mechanics and Their Applications

This paper discusses the limitations of extension of classical Hamiltonian Principle to continuous systems, then reviews the new developments of operational theory in functional analysis and variational principles in non equilibrium thermodynamics based on field variation. Complementary dual variational principles including adjoined variational methods and generalized Green function method are bases of finite element analysis and boundary element analysis as well. From the point of view of physics, variational principles of macroscopic non equilibrium thermodynamic can be applied to all continuous mechanical systems. However, they have some limitations in application scope and remain to be developed.     

CALCULATION OF CONTACT PRESSURE UNDER FOUNDATION RESTING ON VISCO-ELASTOPLASTIC SUBGRADE

In this paper, the finite element method(FEM) is carried out for the contact pressure under circular foundation with visco-elastoplastic model and a 8 node finite element program determing parameter. In order to prove the reliability of the theoretical analysis, a circular rigid loading plate test on remolded clay is done. Otherwise, a comparison of the measuring contact pressure under box foundations of highrise buildings in Beijing and Shanghai with the calculated value by different method is made. The result shows the calculated value by the method proposed in this paper is more coincident with practical data.     

THE METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION FOR COUPLED ANALYSING PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF ROLLING WORKPIECE AND ELASTIC DEFORMATION OF ROLLS

A method for coupled analysing plastic deformation of rolling workpiece and elastic de'formaticn of rolls is developed. The interaction of plastic defo rmation of rolling workpice and elastic deformation of rolls is considered. The couple is formulated by setting up force equilibrium equation at the interface of the rolling workpiece and tne rolls. The plastic deformation of rolling workpiece is treated by the rigid plastic finite element method and the elastic deformation of rolls is treated by the boundary element method. The rolling presure, perunit. forward slip, neutral from angle obtained from coupled analysis are lower than those obta-ined rigid rolls. The results obtained from analysis show that the analytical accuracy can be heightened using the coupled ana-ytical methcd dveeloped for treatng rolling3proccss.     

非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则下边坡可靠度上限

传统边坡可靠度分析往往在岩土参数服从线性Mohr-Coulomb（简称线性M-C）破坏准则的假设条件下进行,并且常常采用极限平衡法或有限元法计算安全系数。然而,岩土介质破坏准则具有一定的非线性。为能更加实际地描述岩土破坏机理和得到严格精确的解,基于非线性Mohr-Coulomb（简称非线性M-C）破坏准则,结合极限分析上限法和蒙特卡洛法,进行边坡可靠度上限分析。当非线性参数m=1时,与等效的线性M-C破坏准则进行对比计算,验证了方法的可行性。同时,将初始粘聚力、内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）和非线性参数作为随机变量且服从截断正态分布,进行了参数变异性和敏感性影响分析。研究表明：非线性M-C破坏准则下,边坡可靠度随初始粘聚力、内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）和非线性参数变异性的增大而减小;边坡可靠度随初始粘聚力和内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）的增大而增大,随非线性参数的增大而减小。     

对偶性与特大增量步算法在复杂平面框架中的应用

特大增量步算法（LIM）是一种基于力法和广义逆矩阵理论的迭代算法,在简单桁架和刚架非线性初步应用中,达到相同计算精度下有同等甚至超过位移有限元的计算效率。针对工程中的复杂杆系结构,利用平衡与协调的对偶性,探讨LIM在复杂平面框架结构中的应用,建立了平面框架结构的LIM基本方程,提出了针对典型支座约束以及组合结点的处理方法。该处理方法的线弹性问题算例表明,与位移有限元相比具有至少同等的精度和相当的计算效率。在支座本身不考虑塑性的情况下,该处理方法同样适用于弹塑性问题,为LIM在复杂杆系结构的弹塑性分析中奠定了基础。     

Horizontal Slice Method for the Stability Analysis of Reinforced Slopes

Relevant national codes usually require the transmitting coefficient method to be employed for the stability analysis of slope reinforcement, in which sliding mass is usually divided into a number of vertical slices.For some support technologies, such as rock bolting and anchor cable, the intersections between the slices and the anchor bar, and the forces mobilized in the reinforcements are different from the assumptions in this method.Thus the transmitting coefficient method confronts some difficulties during practical applications, which would influence the project quality of reinforcements.A new Horizontal Slice Method was proposed based on the overseas relevant literatures to overcome these difficulties in the stability analysis of rock bolting and anchor cable slopes.     

Application of Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method in Limit Analysis of Plane Problems

Based on Melan's theorem, the symmetric Galerkin boundary element method (SGBEM) is used to discretize two dimensional structures and a computational formulation of structural limit analysis is established. The self equilibrium stress field is constructed by linear combination of several basic vectors, which are the stress differences between different iteration steps at the same increment using the traditional elastoplastic incremental method. Then the complex method is used to solve the nonlinear programming directly, so that the lower bound load multiplier of two dimensional structures is obtained. The validation of the present method has been confirmed by some numerical examples.