Boundaty Element Method for Analysis of Thick Plates on Two- Parameter Elastic Foundations

This paper discusses the Reissner's plates on elastic foundation.The elastic foundation is considered as two- paramerer and its effect to thick plates are taken into account by a set of govering differential equations. According to the foundamental solutions for bending problem on two- parameter foundation derived, three boundary integral equations denoted by generalized displacement functions are established. This method is suitable to solve the bending problem of thin or thick plates on two- parameter foundation with arbitary boundary condition, arbitary shape and arbitary load conditions     

Strength Reduction Method of No-linear FEM Limit Analysis for Pile Group Foundation

Confined by the condition of static loading test, the ultimate load of pile group is modified by the ultimate load of static loading test of a pile, so the estimated ultimate value lacks objectivity. The variables of universal function of bearing capacity of pile group are put up. First, based on one another matching parameters of strength for geotechnical material according to simultaneity relation in the forced pile foundation, and induced the strength reduction factor, the safety storage factor (SSF) is put up, which is denoted the ratio of real ultimate load to the load on pile foundation. Second, the plastic deformation is happen at the soils around pile tie at the condition of ultimately loading, and the steady state of pile-soil system rapidly changes into a unstable state (rapid changing relation), the phenomenon of loading-settlement shows that the vertical line lies at the inflexion after the ultimate load point. Hereby, the criterion of ultimate load, which is computed by the strength reduction method of no-linear FEM limit analysis for pile group, is build. Finally, used the ANSYS softer, the screw pile group of the practical foundation engineering is analyzed by 3-d FEM strength method. At P=207 800 N, the SSF is equal to 1.16, and the ultimate load (Q) is 241 048 N, which it is small 3.35% than the estimated ultimately loading of state loading test (249 400 N). This result validated the feasibility of strength reduction method used to decide the ultimate load of pile group.     

Calculating Critical Loads of Thin Plates With Method of Weighted Residuals

In elastic mechanics, it is common practice to calculate critical loads in buckle of thin plates by means of double triangle series. The calculation process is more complex, this method has not facility in engineering application. In many cases critical loads of thin plates can not obtain precise analytic solutions. It is very important to solve approximate resolutions of critical loads of plates in engineering. The method of weighted residuals is an available measure to solve proximal resolutions of differential equations and has extensive application in egineering. In order to simplify calculation process and obtain profitble result, by means of method of weighted residuals and Cantorovich variational principle, taking the second Tchebychev's polynomials as trial functions, it was calculated, critical loads of rectangle thin plates in different supporting conditions. Calculation results indicate that this calculation method is simple and has some precision, it is applied conveniently in engineering.     

Interaction Between Piles-Raft Foundation and GroundBased on a Semi-Analytical and Semi-Numerical Method

Considering the piles-raft foundation as a composite system of piles and elastic plate, the interaction between piles-raft foundation and soil is translated into the compatible analysis of force and displacement among piles,elastic plate and ground. Based on different models of foundation subjected to centralized load,the settlement coefficient subjected to uniform load is obtained by means of integral, The flexibility coefficient of piles is calculated by considering the pile as elastic member, and with raft identified as four sides free rectangle plate on the ground, the displacement of raft suffering external loads, counter force of soil and generalized displacement on the boundary could be obtained. A semi-analytical and semi-numerical method, using compatible analysis of force and displacement between piles,elastic plate and ground,is developed to analyze the interaction between piles-raft and subsoil. Numerical analysis prove that the semi-analytical and semi-numerical method is provide an accurate and practical calculation tool to. and meet the needs of practical engineering.     

The Finite Element Method for Frame Structure with Fuzzy Elastic Connections

The connections of frame structure elements at a node are ofen an elastic connection between hinged and rigid.In this paper,the stiffness matrix and the loading transfer matrix of frame element with turn elastic connections is deduced,the cross shear effect has been taken into consideration simultaneously.The stiffness matrices of some bar elements,such as both ends of the bar are hinged or rigid and one end is hinged but the other is rigid,are special cases of the stiffness matrices presented in this paper.After pointing out that the elastic coefficient at a node of a bar element with elastic joint is really a fuzzy quantity,the fuzzy stiffness matrix of the bar element is obtained,and a solution to structural fuzzy finite element equilibrium equations is presented.The fuzzy solution obtained from above is not only containing the solution of ordinary finite element method but also providing some additional informations with practical value.[WT5HZ]     

Closed-form Analytical Solution for Beam on Elastic Foundation with Different Tension and Compression Modulus

On the basis of the theory of different modulus, the closed-form analytical solution for beams on elastic foundations with different modulus has been derived. A comparison is made between the results of the analytical solution and those calculated from the classic mechanic theories, in which the tension modulus are equal to the compression modulus. It is shown from the numerical results that the ratio of compressive modulus to tensile modulus will greatly affect the elastic characteristic values,internal forces and flexibilities. The present theory satisfies the mechanical behavior of materials. The amount of materials can be economized through rational design by using the elastic theory of different modulus.     

Stratification and Bearing Capacity Prediction Method Based on BP Neural Network for Foundation in Huaibei Plain

According to the features of stratification and obvious inhomogeneity in geological soil in Huaibei plain, BP neural network prediction method for stratification and bearing capacity calculation of multiple cross-bedded foundation was proposed. By comparing the results of drill sampling, static cone penetration tests and screw plate tests, plate loading tests, penetration resistance ps value was found as an evaluation index for stratification and bearing capacity prediction of cross-bedded foundation. Moreover, gradient descent algorithm and conjugate gradient algorithm BP neural network models were obtained, and the calculation results of the two algorithms were comparatively analyzed. The results show that penetration resistance value can be taken as an evaluation index for stratification and bearing capacity prediction of cross-bedded foundation in Huaibei plain. Gradient descent algorithm and conjugate gradient algorithm BP neural network models have good results for soil identification and bearing capacity determination, which can meet the accuracy requirements of actual engineering. However, the computational efficiency of gradient descent algorithm is significantly lower than that of conjugate gradient algorithm.     

The Construction Proposals and Construction Technology of Steel Plate Pile Cofferdam of Off-shore Pumping House for the Highest Foundation in Asia

This paper described in detail the construction proposals and construction technology of steel plate pile cofferdam used for the construction of off-shore pumping house of the highest foundation in Asia, as well as the construction method and technical analysis of treatment of 'exposed foot' of steel plate pile cofferdam.     

Reproducing kernel particle method for numerical analysis of Mindlin plate bending on a Winkler foundation

The reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) is a typical meshless method based on kernel function simulation. Based on the interpolating shape function of RKPM and Mindlin plate theory, the governing equations of RKPM to the deflection solution of Mindlin plate bending on a Winkler elastic soil foundation are established. Numerical results indicate that the above method and the corresponding program are effective and accurate.     

Simplified Method for Evaluating the Elastic Dynamic Instability of the Long Span Arch Bridge

Based on the sense of Liapunov dynamic stability and the features of elastic buckling of arch bridge, and using the static buckling eigenvalue as well as linear time history analysis result, a simplified method for evaluating the elastic dynamic instability was developed from the so called “dynamic eigenvalue method” that needs to extract the minimum buckling eigenvalues step by step under the whole earthquake excitation. The presented method was compared and validated to be efficient and accurate via a case study, and therefore it could be used as a more effective method to study the dynamic stability issue of long span arch bridges and other civil engineering structures.     

Spline Boundary Element Method for Calculating Three-Dimensional Electrostatic Fields

Based on [l].this paper presents a new spline-BEM for calculating 3-D electrostatic fields,in which bi-cubic B-splines are used as basis functions. The corner problem in BEM and the extreme conditions for splines are circumvented. The numerical results presented show that the global approximation .convergence and stability of the method are satisfactory.     

Factors of Bearing Capacity for Rock Foundation Based on the Nonlinear Failure Criterion

Bearing capacity of foundation is conventionally calculated based on the linear Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. However, a amount of experimental data shows that the strength envelops of almost all types of rocks are nonlinear over the wide range of normal stresses. The strength envelope of rock masses is considered to follow a modified Hoek Brown nonlinear failure criterion. Therefore, according to the upper bound approach, based on Hoek Brown nonlinear failure criterion and a multi tangential technique method, the relevant programs were developed by means of the software Matlab and the sequential quadratic programming optimization theory. And the calculation and the analysis of affecting factors bearing capacity for rock foundation were employed. It is found that the major factors affecting bearing capacity of rock foundation are GSI and mi, but the weight of foundation ,overload and the disturbance coefficient of excavation D have a considerable influence on bearing capacity of rock foundation when the value of GSI is small . Compared with the generalized tangential and the finite element or finite difference numerical techniques, the single tangential technique method would bring relatively great risk, because the calculation results are larger than those of the actual bearing capacity of foundation.     

Effective Expressions for Momenta Normalization and Renormalization to e-(e) Loop propagator

In the electromagnetic minimum coupling model, the authors study the expansion of the finite quantity function in the momenta renormalization e - e loop propagator function, and find that if they use the matrix function expansion they can approach the separation of the finite quantity function, but also can get a strictly analytic solution for one dimension integral calculation method of it. This will give an effective new way to study the question about the exact solving to the renormalization finite quantity function.     

一种室内大量饲养灰飞虱的方法

灰飞虱是重要的农业害虫和病毒传播介体,为给相关研究提供足够的活体材料,建立了一种室内灰飞虱规模化饲养的方法,笔者经一系列生物学试验,对温度、光强、饲养密度等条件进行了优化,并对产卵和换苗时间进行了规定。试验表明饲养温度24~28℃,光照强度5000~7000lx,不同龄期虫的饲养密度分别为300~400头/杯（若虫）、200~300头/杯（3~4龄虫）、100~200头/杯（成虫）适合各自饲养时水稻苗的生长、灰飞虱的发育繁殖、卵的孵化等。为保证同批次虫龄的一致性,规定产卵时间和换苗时间分别为48h和8~10天。此方法条件因素明确,可操作性强,不受场地、时间、环境等自然条件限制;可随时提供足量试验用龄次标准试虫。     

比较食品包装纸透气性的简易方法

介绍一种快速测定食品包装纸透气性的自制简易装置,并利用该装置与氧气／二氧化碳测定仪器结合使用。分别对6种不同种类包装纸的透气性进行比较试验：试验结果表明,使用该简易装置测定食品包装纸透气性具有经济实惠、操作方便、试验结果重复率高等特点。     

水稻根系蛋白质提取方法的改良

提取出高纯度的根系蛋白质是获得分离效果好、清晰度高的水稻根系蛋白质双向电泳图像的关键。本研究以水稻六叶期幼苗根系为材料,运用改良的TCA/丙酮/SDS法和TCA/丙酮法、TCA/丙酮/Tris-HCl对水稻根系蛋白质进行抽提,进行蛋白质双向凝胶电泳。结果表明:改良的TCA/丙酮/SDS法适用于水稻根系蛋白质组研究,并且350μg上样量获得的双向凝胶电泳图像更为清晰、重现性好,具有较好蛋白质分离效果。     

Effective Method Calculating the Renormalized Finite Quantity of the Meson Loop Propagator (II)

In the Lorentz Invariable Coupling Model of interaction between pion and nucleon (antinucleon), by applying the complex function integral method, the authors have strictly calculated the one-dimensional integral, which is derived from the great momentum integral limit, of the renormalized finite quantity of one-loop propagator and chain propagator in the momentum renormalization scheme and gained the finally strict analysis result. At the last, they have detailed these numerical results of the renormalized finite quantity, and also done the relevant discussion about these minute radiation corrections.     

The Generalized Conjugate Direction Method for Constrained Optimization A Geometrical Approech

The conjugate direction method for solving the unconstrained optimization problem is extended to solving the constrained optimization problem by method of differential geomtry.By inducing a new class of affine connections on a constrained sub-manifold, the primary constrched optilnhation problem is converted to a unconstrained local quadratic programming problem.Based on the definition and construction of a new class of generalized conjugate directions, it isproved that optimum value of the primary constrained optimization problem must be located on thegeodesic line which is formed by the conjugate directions mentioned above and can be reached withinfinite searching step. Therefore a new curve search algorithm with generalized conjugate directions isput forward.     

Utilization of genetic resources for the introduction and adaptation of exotic vegetable crops: The case of pepino (Solanum muricatum)

Summary Pepino (Solanum muricatum), a vegetatively propagated plant from the Andean region used for its edible fruits, has been identified as a potential crop for greenhouse cultivation in Mediterranean regions. However, attempts for introducing it have been unsuccessful, either because of the low yield, poor fruit quality, or both. Screening of germplasm under Mediterranean conditions showed that sources of variation for high yield existed in the cultivated genepool and that wild species S. caripense and S. tabanoense could contribute to a considerable improvement of soluble solids content (SSC) of pepino. Progenies obtained after crossing genetically distant (AFLP-based) parental clones were heterotic for yield, and allowed the selection of clones with an improved combination of yield and SSC. As a result of this intraspecific programme, two new improved cultivars (‘Turia’ and ‘Valencia’), which outperform the rest of cultivars available, have been selected for cultivation in Mediterranean conditions. The interspecific programme involved the selection of clones with high yield and SSC in backcross generations. The results show that introgression of genes from the wild species can contribute to improve the SSC of pepino. The backcross programme is in an advanced stage and new cultivars derived from the interspecific crosses are expected to be released in a near future. New prospects for the future in pepino breeding include the genetic transformation, the establishment of a genetic map, and the use of the genomic information from related Solanaceae important crops. All the information obtained is illustrative for the breeding for adaptation of vegetatively propagated crops.