The Convergence of a 2-Block AOR Method for Large-Scaled Least-Square Problems

A necessary and sufficient condition and some sufficient conditions concerning the convergence of a 2-block AOR method for large-scaled least-square problems are given. It is shown that, by appropriately selecting parameters, the 2-block AOR method is always convergent and the theorem in [3] is only a corollary of this paper.     

ON THE QUEUEING PROCESSES IN THE SYSTEM M/G/I WITH STOCHASTIC BULK SERVICE

This paper deals with the processes in the system M/G/l with bulk service, in which the size of batch is a stochastic quantity. The state classification for the imbedded Markov chain is completed and the generating function of the queue length and some quantity indexes are also obtained.     

Optimality Conditions for Set-Valued Vector Minimization Problem

For set valued vector minimization problem with inequality constraint, a sufficient optimality condition theorem and a necessary Fritz John type optimality condition theorem is derived in terms of the generalized contingent epiderivative. Finally,a Kuhn Tucker necessary type optimality condition theorem for the set valued vector minimization problem is presented in terms of contingent epiderivative.     

THE SUFFICIENT AND NECESSARY CONDITION FOR A PLANAR TO BE HAMILTONIAN

This paper presents a sufficient and necessary condition for any planarembedding G(namely plane graph)of a planar graph to be Hamiltonian.If Gis Hamiltonian,a method that an adjacent edge subgraph method for finddingits Hamilton cycles are given.     

The integration and insertion site of GbVe1 gene in the genome of transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to obtain the flanking sequences of T-DNA in the transgenic cotton containing a GbVe1 over-expression cassette. [Method] The T-DNA insertion copy number in the transgenic GbVe1 cotton was analyzed by southern blot. Flanking sequences of the transgenic lines with putative single T-DNA insertion copy were obtained using high-efficiency Thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (hiTAIL-PCR). The T-DNA insertion sites were further confirmed by PCR with specific primers. [Result] RB-flanking sequences (119-1 018 bp) and LB-flanking sequences (243-516 bp) were obtained from three transgenic lines with low copy number of T-DNA insertion. The AT content was more than 63% in these flanking sequences. A same single insertion site in the intron of Gohir.D01G157600.1 was found in the two transgenic lines 7/100826-152 and 12/100826-393, while two separated insertion sites, one also in the intron of Gohir.-D01G157600.1 and the other in the intergenic region of A12 chromosome, were found in the transgenic line 1/w-ch14. A deletion of 21 bp was found in the insertion site in the intron of Gohir.D01G157600.1. The T-DNA insertion in the intron of Gohir.D01G157600.1 was further confirmed by the specific PCR. [Conclusion] The flanking sequences of T-DNA in the transgenic GbVe1 cotton were obtained and the specific transformation event in the intron of Gohir.D01G157600.1 was further confirmed by PCR.     

Generation and Glyphosate Resistance Analysis of G10eve Transgenic Cotton

[Objective] Novel germplasm of cotton was generated for development of cultivars with high resistance to glyphosate. [Method] The glyphosate resistance gene G10eve was preliminarily analyzed using bioinformatics methods and introduced into 'Coker 312' via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The expression of G10eve was estimated by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) and qRT-PCR (Quantitative real-time PCR). The content of shikimic acid and tolerance to glyphosate were determined in response to application of glyphosate to 'Coker 312' and transgenic plants. [Result] A total of 28 independent positive transgenic lines were obtained. The transformation efficiency and the rate of seedling differentiation were up to 49.3% and 40.6%, respectively. PCR and qRT-PCR analysis showed that G10eve was integrated into the cotton genome, and the G10eve expression level differed significantly among the transgenic lines. At the cotyledon stage, the transgenic cotton showed resistance to 8 mL·L^－1 glyphosate, whereas 'Coker 312' showed phytotoxicity to the 2 mL·L^－1 glyphosate treatment. No significant accumulation of shikimic acid was detected in transgenic plants before or after glyphosate treatment, which indicated the typical physical characteristic of glyphosate resistance. [Conclusion] Overexpression of G10eve in cotton improved resistance to glyphosate. Thus, novel germplasm of cotton resistant to glyphosate was generated.     

SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR SOLUTIONS TO MIN-MAX PROBLEM WITH SATISFACTION CONDITIONS

In this paper, we prove that when objective functions and constraint-functions are three classes of nonconvex functions, necessary conditions for solutions to min-max problem with satisfaction conditions given in [1] are sufficient conditions.     

A Minimax Theorem about Saddle Functional

A minimax theorem is proved by taking advantage of Ekeland's variationalprinciple and the P. S. condition. This theorem can be regarded as an improvement of the theoremdue to Manasevich.     

通过GbF3’H基因单独沉默及其与GbCHI和GbDFR基因共沉默研究其在海岛棉中抗枯萎病功能

【目的】通过沉默海岛棉GbF3’H基因及共沉默GbF3’H、GbCHI和Gb DFR基因,研究其在海岛棉抗枯萎病中的作用。【方法】以海岛棉抗病材料06-146为研究对象,GhCLA1基因为阳性对照,空载体为阴性对照,构建海岛棉TRV2-Gb F3’H沉默载体,协同课题组前期构建的TRV2-CHI和TRV2-DFR载体,利用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术(Virus-induced gene silencing,VIGS)分别进行Gb F3’H基因单独沉默以及GbF3’H、GbCHI和Gb DFR这3种基因共沉默试验。通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction,q RT-PCR)分析各处理样品中基因沉默情况;设置室内接种枯萎病菌试验测定病情指数,分析各沉默材料对枯萎病的抗性差异。【结果】q RT-PCR结果显示,海岛棉GbF3’H基因沉默后其在海岛棉根、茎和叶中的表达量比空载体对照低,Gb F3’H、GbCHI和GbDFR这3种基因共沉默后其在海岛棉根、茎和叶中的表达量均比空载体对照低。病情指数调查结果显示,野生型<空载体对照相似文献   

THE CONSTRUCTION OF TWOFOLD MAGIC SQUARE OF ORDER n

This paper presents the sufficient condition for a square matrix of order n to the twofold magic square,with which the twofold magic square of order 64 is constructed.It is tested by the computer.     

Optimality Conditions and Lagrange Duality for a Class of Vector Extremum Problems

A sufficient and necessary optimality conditions is established for vector extremum problems with set constraint by applying the alternative theorem under generalized subconvexlike maps in orderd locally-convex Hausdorff spaces. Then, several optimality conditions are obtained for differentiable vector extremum problems with set constraint by applying the sufficient and necessary optimality conditions and the properties of the twice G-differentiable functions. And finally, the vector-valued Lagrange duality is obtained for the vector extremum problems.     

Functional Identification of Cotton U3 and U6 Promoters in the CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing System

[Objective] The function of U3 and U6 promoters that were cloned from sea-island cotton were identified in order to provide more available U3 and U6 promoters for the construction of cotton CRISPR/Cas9 multi-sites gene editing system. [Method] Two CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing vectors were constructed, in which sgRNA were driven by GbU6-7P and GbU3-2P, respectively, and GGB, a negative regulator in drought tolerance, was used as target gene. The function of the vector were identified in cotton leaf protoplast of Xinhai 16. The core fragment of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing vector were enriched by Polymerase chain reaction method and were delivered into protoplast through PEG transient transformation. Then genomic DNA were extracted from protoplast. Gene mutations were analyzed using Enzyme digest/Polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Finaly the mutation efficiencies of the CRISPR/Cas9 system were calculated and the frequency distribution of the mutation in target site were drawn in order to confirm the authenticity of the mutation. [Result] All type of mutation in target loci were base substitution. [Conclusion]Both CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing systems based on GbU3-2P and GbU6-7P promoters could successfully edit the sequence of cotton GGB gene and cause gene mutation.     

Morphogenesis of Pigment Glands and Metabolic Characteristics of Gossypol in Gossypium bickii

[Objective]We studied the process of pigment gland formation and the dynamic change of gossypol synthesis, the dynamic relationship and molecular mechanism between the pigment glands and gossypol during the process of embryo formation and seed germination in G. bickii Prokh. [Method] We chose G. bickii as meterial and studied the tissue section observation, determination of gossypol contents and gene expression profile analysis of pigment gland formation and gossypol synthesis genes. [Result] The results showed that a large number of pigment protoglands formed on the cotyledons during embryo development process in G. bickii. The pigment protoglands formed to cavity structure at 12 hours after seed germination, and then converted into mature pigment glands. Analysis of gene expression profiles related to the pigment gland formation and gossypol synthesis during seed germination showing that GoPGF gene was highly expressed on the cotyledons of seed germination of 12 hours, which may be related to pigment protoglands forming to cavity structure of G.bickii. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase gene (FPS) was highly expressed on the cotyledons of seed germination of 24 hours showing it may be associated with the gossypol transported into the cotyledon pigment glands. CYP706B1 gene was highly expressed on the cotyledons of seed germination of 0 hours and HMG1 were highly expressed on the cotyledons of seed germination of 0 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours showing these genes may be associated with the formation of pigmented cavities and the storage and transport of gossypol; Cadinene synthase genes(CAD1-A) and HMG2 genes were not closely related to the pigment gland formation. [Conclusion] The 12 hours after seed germination is the key period of the morphogenesis of the pigment glands, and the morphogenesis of the pigment glands is synchrony with the time of the occurrence of gossypol in G.bickii. GoPGF, FPS, CYP706B1 and HMG1 are associated with the formation of pigmented cavities and the storage and transport of gossypol.     

THREE CRITICAL POINTS THEOREM AND ITS APPLICATIONS

In this paper, by use of the pseudo-gradient vector field, the three critical points theorem in [2] is extended to the C1 function in the Ba-nach space, and therefore the three critical, points theorem in [5] is strengthened and the existence of the saddle point of the C2 function is discussed.     

传统窨制与隔离窨制中茉莉花茶香气成分的比较分析

为探索加工工艺对茉莉花茶香气的影响,采用HS-SPME/GC-MS/RI方法测定并比较传统窨制和隔离窨制2种方式香气组分的变化,并对2种加工方式的成茶进行感官审评,以期为茉莉花茶新工艺的探索奠定理论基础。结果表明,茉莉花茶主要香气组分为芳樟醇、乙酸苄酯、α-法尼烯、苯甲酸顺-3-己烯酯、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、吲哚6种,并且头窨时茉莉花茶香气组分的组成特征已基本形成。2种工艺过程中,烯烃类相对含量差异较小;醇类相对含量在传统窨制中较低,比隔离窨制低7.75%;酯类、含氮化合物相对含量在隔离窨制中低;酮类相对含量较少。经感官审评,传统窨制成茶香气得分高于隔离窨制。因此,在其他条件相同的情况下,传统窨制成茶香气优于隔离窨制。     

基于颜色特征的叶片含水率与比叶重估算模型初探

通过不同氮素营养水平的水培试验,采用线性拟合和逐步回归分析,建立了黄瓜叶片干基含水率与比叶重的颜色特征估算模型。结果表明：颜色特征与叶片干基含水率、比叶重的线性拟合分析中,S、G/(R+G+B)、B/(R+G+B)、G/R、G/B、G-R和H/S构成的颜色特征变量的相关系数与叶片干基含水率相关密切;S、G/(R+G+B)、B/(R+G+B)、G/R、G/B、G-R、H/S和H/I构成的颜色特征变量的相关系数与叶片比叶重相关密切。运用逐步回归分析技术找出了G/(R+G+B)和G-R可以作为叶片干基含水量估算的主要颜色特征参数; G/(R+G+B)和H/I是叶片比叶重估算的主要颜色特征参数。     

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis ofGRGene Family in Cotton

[Objective] Glutathione reductase (GR) gene family is involved in biological processes such as plant growth and abiotic stress response, but its characteristics and functions in cotton have not been known yet. This study aims to explore the role of GR genes in cotton genome evolution and abiotic stress response through the whole genome identification and characterization of GR genes, thus providing a theoretical basis for future studies on the roles of the GR genes in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in cotton. [Method] The GR genes in Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. raimondii and G. arboreum were all identified using bioinformatics software. The physicochemical properties, sequence characteristics, chromosomal location, phylogeny and expression patterns were analyzed. [Result] A total of 18 GR genes were identified. The number of GR genes in G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. raimondii and G. arboreum was 6, 6, 3 and 3, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that GR genes were divided into two sub-groups. The genes in the same subgroup exhibited similar gene structure in relation to exon-intron ratios. The ratios of the non-synonymous mutations (K_a) and homologous mutations (K_s) were all less than 1, indicating that the GR genes underwent strong purification selection during their evolution process. The analysis of the expression patterns of GR genes in upland cotton indicated that all the GR genes responded actively to the stress environment; but under different abiotic stresses, the gene expression patterns were significantly different. [Conclusion] The study explored the evolution and function of the GR gene family in the four cotton genomes, providing a theoretical basis for future studies of cotton GR genes.