太原市城区不同类型绿化园林植物结构及相似性分析

研究旨在探讨不同类型绿化园林植物的差异与关系,为太原市绿化园林植物的优化配置和城市园林植物群落指标评价体系的建立提供一定的科学依据。采用抽样地调查的方法,以太原市居住区绿地、公园绿地、道路绿地3种类型园林植物为对象,对三者物种的组成、多样性以及相似性进行对比分析。研究表明:居住区绿地的多样性系数整体要高于公园绿地与道路绿地,而道路绿地的各项指标都位于较低水平。说明由于不同类型绿地的功能和需求不同,太原市城区的不同类型的绿化园林植物还是存在着较大差异。     

土地开发整理工程质量评价体系研究

研究为确保土地开发整理项目工程质量，规范土地开发整理验收管理工作提供科学依据。依据土地开发整理有关理论，提出选取工程质量评价因素应遵循的原则。运用特尔菲法选取了耕地平整、农田水利、道路、生态环境以及土壤自然质量等为河北省太行山山地丘陵区土地开发整理工程质量评价因素及因子，运用“层次分析法（AHP）”对各个工程质量因素赋予权重，并用加权平均法求得工程质量综合分值，最后对工程质量划分等级，便于指导土地开发整理项目验收和管理工作。     

Study on Road Greening in the Main Urban Area of Chongqing City Based on Plant Diversity

The greening situation of 242 road greenbelts in 7 administrative regions in the main urban city of Chongqing City was investigated by field survey, and the plant composition, application frequency, species richness and diversity of plants used for road greening in the main urban area were analyzed. The results show that there were 105 species of plants used for road greening(not including seasonal flowers displayed temporarily) in the main urban area of Chongqing City, belonging to 80 genera, 47 families. Among them, there were 95 species of woody plants and 10 species of perennial herbs, accounting for 90.47% and 9.53% of the total number respectively. Some suggestions were put forward according to the current situation and problems of road greening in the main urban area of Chongqing City.     

The Safe Distance Between Road Lighting Fixtures and Street Trees

The road lighting system and the road greening system, which are mutually interrelated and independent, are two important parts in the urban road environment. Unreasonable road lighting is easy to induce light pollution and has a great negative impact on the physiology and growth of garden plants in the urban green space. In this paper, 21 kinds of common tree species in the urban green space of Zhengzhou were selected as the research object, and the photosynthetic physiological parameters of landscape trees under the LED light source were observed using LI-6400 Photosynthesis System. This paper attempted to find the critical point for initiating photosynthesis of different types of tree species under a certain light source and then calculated the safe distance between lighting fixtures and landscape trees. The results showed that road lighting interfered with the photosynthetic physiological activities of the surveyed trees, affecting the normal dormancy of the plants at night; the sensitivity of different tree species to night lighting was different, and there were some differences in the light compensation points, so the corresponding safe distance was also different. It is hoped that this study can provide a valuable reference and scientific basis for urban road greening and lighting design.     

The Design of Urban Road Manhole Covers Based on the Function of Safety and Identification

This study combed the development process of urban road manhole cover at home and abroad,and pointed out the existing problems in the domestic manhole cover.From the perspective of safety and identification function,it put forward innovative design ideas of urban road manhole covers to improve the safety and identification function of road manhole covers,and enhance the ornamental of manhole covers.     

Rehabilitation project of the Dabanshan highland road tunnel

The rehabilitation project of road tunnel in highland area and cold region is an important and worthy exploring research field. The development of the defects of crack in the liner, water leakage, structural deterioration and frost defects for Dabanshan road tunnel are studied. After an insight into the cause and development of tunnel defects, the water leakage and frost damage are considered as the root of defect, so restoration of drainage system and the reinstallation of cold prevention system are the focuses of the rehabilitation project. For consideration of safety, cover arch is installed for the tunnel structure enforcement as well. Results indicate measures in Dabanshan road tunnel rehabilitation project are effective for road tunnel of high altitude and tunnel in cold region.     

Numerical Simulation and Field Monitoring Research of Reinforcement Range of Soft Ground on One Side Road Widening Project

As one of common reinforcement measure, cement mix pile is widely used in soft ground treatment of road widen project, while relevant studies on reinforcement range is insufficient. According to the one side road widening project, the cross-section of deep soft ground is analyzed. When fill is simplified as trapezoid load, the conclusion that reinforcement depth of cement mix pile should greater than load breadth can be gained by addition stress distribution. Based on the numerical simulation of different reinforcement measures, the slope stability, road settlement and horizontal deformation are influenced greatly by reinforcement range. Comparison research indicates that when the soft ground from slope toe to road shoulder is strengthened, the improvement effect is obvious. The numerical simulation and field monitoring resules show that reinforcement measure is suitable. Meanwhile, this study can provide reference to similar project.     

基于DEA的土地整理项目投入产出效率评价——以山东省若干国家投资土地整理项目为例

为了对土地整理项目的投入产出效率作出定量评价,并为推进土地整理项目的科学实施提供参考。对土地整理项目的投入产出要素进行分析计算,然后采用DEA方法对项目相对效率作出评价。结果表明：各项目相对效率值有9个为1,只有河口区为0.81。说明山东省土地整理项目总体而言具有较好的综合效益和合理的投入产出,但是河口区的土地整理项目投入结构相对不合理,表现为土地平整、农田水利、田间道路、生态防护四项投入存在冗余,且社会效益未达最大化。为促使土地整理项目取得良好效益,应在实施过程中制定科学的规划方案,合理安排各项投入,并重视对项目社会效益的投入。     

地域性植物景观在城市道路中的设计与探索——以云南元谋县城特色规划研究为例

随着经济的发展、科技的飞跃,道路交通压力的增大,人们对道路植物景观的要求也日益重视。但是由于多种原因。在道路景观建设中,植物景观设计普遍缺少特色,更缺少地域性文化氛围。本文通过对云南元谋几条道路的现状调查分析,然后改进后的设计,从而探索地域性植物景观在实际规划中的应用及其思路、设计方法等,为今后在城市景观规划设计中提供一定的参考依据。     

Investigation of Present Situation of Urban Road Traffic in Nanchang City and Countermeasures

The present situation of urban road traffic in Nanchang City was surveyed systematically from the present situation of the road structure,characteristics of trafficvolume,residents' trips,etc.,then the existing problems were analyzed,and some countermeasures were put forward finally.     

Opening up Gated Communities to Public Road System and Urban Traffic Microcirculation: A Case Study of Donghu District in Nanchang

In recent years, driven by the booming housing market with high supply and demand, China has witnessed an unprecedented increase in residential areas in fast speed. However, most of the newly established communities have not yet get rid of the self-supporting and self-sufficient mode of the farming culture. Currently, gated communities are characterized by closure, large population, large area, single function, little contact, etc., decreasing the urban road network density and reachability. And the internal travel is mainly dependent on the main roads through a city, which interferes with urban roads and increases the traffic pressure on the surrounding road network. Therefore, this paper took the Donghu District in Nanchang as an example to study opening gated communities to public, so as to promote the urban traffic microcirculation and increase the density and reachability of the regional road network, thereby sharing the traffic pressure for the main roads and strengthening the neighborhood contact.     

AHP法在聊城市水城广场景观评价中的应用

为了探寻影响水城广场景观质量的重要景观因素,在对聊城市水城广场进行全面调查的基础上,采用AHP法通过8个准则层因素和25个评价因子对其景观进行综合评价。结果表明：（1）在聊城市水城广场景观评价体系中,准则层因素中道路景观和生态景观的权重分别占全部权重的32.38%、27.68%,说明二者是比较重要的2个因素;（2）25个评价因子中,道路景观中的主次分明情况权重值最大,为20.51%,进一步说明了道路景观在该评价中的重要地位。     

Urbanization Effect of Highways in the Pearl River Delta

Based on TM images,ArcGIS and landscape ecology,4 typical roads in the Pearl River Delta are taken for example to analyze infl uence range of highway,and study the laws of highway construction infl uencing landscape patterns by reviewing landscape pattern changes in areas along the highways. According to the research,for Yuebei Section(north Guangdong) of Beijing–Zhuhai Highway,road construction has signifi cant infl uence on landscape patterns of the 300-m wide buffer zone(especially woodland and urban land); for Foshan–Kaiping Highway,road construction has significant influence on landscape patterns of the 1,000-m wide buffer zone(especially woodland and agricultural land); for Dongguan–Shenzhen Highway,road construction has signifi cant infl uence on landscape patterns of the 8,000-m wide buffer zone(especially woodland and urban land).     

Critical Transport Infrastructure in Urban Areas: Impacts of Traffic Incidents Assessed Using Accessibility‐Based Network Vulnerability Analysis

Incidents (vehicle breakdowns, crashes, roadworks, lane blockages, severe weather, etc.) are believed responsible for about 50 percent of traffic congestion in Australia's major cities, which is a similar situation to that found in cities in many other parts of the developed world. Incident‐based congestion is particularly disruptive because of its random occurrence in space and time, which maximises the operational impacts of the congestion on social and economic activities. This paper discusses a method for assessing critical locations—congestion “hot spots”—in urban road networks, and the development and application of diagnostic tools that will allow urban road system managers to anticipate potential vulnerabilities to incident‐related congestion and take proactive action to avoid congestion rather than react to it. The expected outcomes are then reduced congestion, delays, and pollution; significantly improved performance from the existing urban road system; and reduced pressure to build more roads. The method involves modelling of travel demand, network topology, capacity and road geometry, the identification and assessment of impacts of traffic incidents at specific locations in a road network, and the use of accessibility impact analysis to assess system‐wide effects. Accessibility impact analysis is undertaken using an accessibility framework, which can account for time of day, transport mode and destination choices by individuals, and level of traffic congestion among other factors. A case‐study application to a specific (potential) incident in a real‐world network indicates that the proposed method is feasible and demonstrates its power in identifying not just total impacts but the distribution of those impacts across a region or community. While current approaches to urban road network planning and management tend to be reactive—finding cures for problems as they arise or addressing locations of recurrent congestion or bad incident record—the vulnerability analysis method described in the paper should lend itself to a proactive approach that can anticipate structural weaknesses and vulnerabilities and help to avoid or at least temper potential adverse effects, rather than to react to them afterwards.     

阜康市城市土地供给侧政策绩效综合评价

旨在剖析阜康市城市土地供给侧结构方面存在的难题,从城市土地供给侧政策的结构效益、经济效益和公平效益三视角,运用主成分分析模型构建阜康市城市土地供给侧政策综合绩效评价体系。结果表明2009—2013 年阜康市城市土地供给侧政策绩效虽呈波动状态,但评分总体较好,土地供给侧政策实施效果整体良好。在供给结构调整方面,阜康市城市土地供给结构还需进一步调整,工矿仓储用地占用比重较大,商服和住宅用地比重较小;在经济效益方面,保持着较高的土地供给率和土地市场公开出让率,但土地投资强度较低;在公平效益方面,城市人均道路面积、人均公共管理与公共服务用地面积、经适房比重得到一定程度的扩大,但总体仍处于较低水平。最后,为阜康市土地供给侧结构调整优化提出优化供地结构、注重存量土地内部挖潜、转变低效供地利用、以“三规合一”为导向等建议,以实现未来城市土地供给的可持续发展。     

Advance of Management Performance Evaluation in Petrochemical Engineering Construction Project

Toward the characteristics of petrochemical engineering construction project and the need of project management performance evaluation, this paper analyzed the status of project management performance evaluation study and the status of project management performance evaluation study in petrochemical engineering construction project. This paper suggested the direction of project management performance evaluation study in petrochemical engineering construction project, which is to establish the performance evaluation index system of petrochemical engineering construction project management and performance evaluation method, to establish process performance evaluation system of petrochemical engineering construction project management, to develop performance evaluation software of petrochemical engineering construction project management.     

Interpretation of Low-carbon City Planning and Design——A Case Study of Gaochun Zijin Science and Technology Special Community

It is an important and unique approach of achieving sustainable urban development to save and use energy intensively, reduce carbon emission, and take the low-carbon development road. Taking Gaochun Zijin Science and Technology Special Community for example, this paper introduced planning measures for building a low-carbon city, including building a green network, compound utilization of urban spaces, establishing green transportation, using renewable resources, development of green architecture, so as to provide references for the future researches on the low-carbon urban development.     

Pattern Change of Urban Green Space in Beijing from 2000 to 2010

With the rapid urbanization in Beijing, the vegetated surfaces have been increasingly replaced by impervious built surfaces. A clear recognition on the changes in green spaces pattern is vital for urban administrators and planners to optimize the urban development areas and define the ecological protection red lines. Based on the SPOT images and field investigation data of urban green spaces within the sixth ring road of Beijing in 2000, 2005 and 2010, the study investigated the dynamic changes of urban green spaces in this area, by means of GIS techniques and landscape ecology methods. The results indicated that green spaces in Beijing have decreased by 207 km2 from 2000 to 2010 at the expense of agricultural lands and waters. Although there has been some increases in urban forests and grasslands, it cannot compensate the rapid decrease of urban green spaces. The land cover types conversion occurred mainly in the areas between the fifth and sixth ring roads while the zones encircled by the fourth ring road had a little change. In addition, landscape metrics such as number of patches(NP) and shape index(SHAPE) increased, but the mean nearest-neighbor distance(MNN), aggregation index(AI) and patch cohesion index(COHESION) decreased during the period of 2000-2010. Also green landscapes became considerably isolated and fragmented. The study disclosed the obvious changes of green space size, composition and layout in urban districts of Beijing City from 2000 to 2010, and highlighted that construction of urban green space should consider not only the geometric or aesthetic effect, but also the increase of vertical green volume and optimization of spatial layout to fully develop the ecological service functions of green spaces.     

低碳城市南昌主干道路植物景观评价研究

为了明确低碳城市南昌道路植物景观的现状和影响道路植物景观的重要因子,为南昌及中国其他低碳城市道路植物景观规划与设计提供依据。采用描述因子法,选择若干对道路植物景观效果贡献较大的指标,建立了整体指标评价体系。采用景观综合评价指数法模型,通过评价因子的权值确定和指标的量化,对南昌城市主干道路植物景观进行了分析评价。结果表明,南昌市道路植物景观整体建设水平较好,57.14%的道路植物景观评价结果在Ⅱ级以上,III级占35.71%,但也有7.14%的道路在Ⅳ级以下。在所评价的8个因子中,得分最高的是植物景观与硬质景观的和谐性,其次是植物景观与整体环境的协调性,植物生活型结构得分排第3位,这说明南昌城市在整体建设过程中,比较重视植物与道路和周边硬质景观环境的协调与统一,多数路段“乔-灌-草”搭配较为合理;物种多样性和植物观赏特性得分低。南昌城市道路植物景观仍然存在单位空间绿量较低、植物种类应用欠丰富,以及地域特色不太突出等问题。针对评价结果,提出了南昌城市道路低碳植物景观和地域特色植物景观营建的建议与措施。     

A Territorial Articulation Index for Rural Areas Applied to Four Spanish Comarcas

This paper proposes a model for calculating a composite index to evaluate the internal territorial cohesion or articulation of rural areas, specifically rural Spanish comarcas (groups of municipalities with common geographic and historical characteristics). Evaluation is based on the optimum spatial distributions of their urban nuclei and access to roads by their inhabitants. First, we built the index for spatial distributions of urban nuclei in each comarca. Next, we constructed road accessibility indexes for all urban nuclei to each other and to the main urban nucleus (defined by the largest concentration of services). Based on these indexes, we developed an Internal Territorial Articulation Index (ITAI) that reflects the spatial distribution of the territory's urban nuclei in terms of their aggregation, internal accessibility within the comarca, and relationship with the main urban nucleus. The ITAI was applied to four Spanish comarcas in the province of Almería: Almería Alpujarra, Almanzora, Los Vélez, and Almería Poniente. The results are highly varied and allow areas with low degrees of territorial articulation or coherence to be identified either by the distribution of their urban nuclei or by their poor accessibility to roads. Results were unfavourable in mountainous regions with steep slopes and in areas furthest from the province's large urban nuclei. The conclusions may help develop settlement and road transport infrastructure strategies in these rural comarcas.