Influence of fine aggregate on initial shrinkage of high performance concrete

The type and percentage of sand affect the gradation of coarse fine aggregate and the amount of spare mortar in concrete, which further affects the resistance of fresh concrete to initial plastic shrinkage. Taking into account the engineering characteristics of sand in the area of Chongqing, P. R. China, three fine aggregates composed of superfine, medium, mixed and manufactured sand, are used to prepare high performance concrete (HPC). The effects of these three fine aggregates on initial plastic shrinkage crack are investigated. The results show that the HPC prepared with superfine sand possesses a higher initial shrinkage value than HPC prepared with mixed or medium sand. An optimal sand percentage is necessary to reduce the initial shrinkage cracking of HPC prepared with mixed or medium sand.     

Influence of Fine Recycled Aggregate on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete

Based on a series of recycle process, waste concrete can be made into fine recycled aggregate which can be used completely or partly to compound concrete as a substitute for natural sand. But the special properties of fine recycled aggregate make the performance of concrete with fine recycled aggregate different from normal concrete. Characteristics of fine recycled aggregate and its influence on physical and mechanical properties of concrete are studied. On this basis, the influence of fine recycled aggregate on gas permeation properties, chloride permeability, and carbonation resistance of concrete are also studied. It is found that fine recycled aggregate produces a lot of defects in crushing preparation. And the compressive strength, the chloride permeability and the carbonation resistance of the concrete with fine recycled aggregate as substitution show difference from that of normal concrete.     

Properties of Concrete Made from Composite Fine Aggregate

In this paper,the workabiltiy,strength.Shrinkage and creep of concrete made from composite fine aggregate (CFC) were studied. Resuits show that the properties of CFC is familiar to those of concrete made from natural middle-size of fine aggregate when the mixture proportion is the same.The composite fine aggregate composed of man-made limestone sand and natural super-fine sand could be used for producing flowing corcrete.     

Study on Formulating High_Strength Concretewith Superfine Sand

This paper introduces the method of how to improve superfine sand grading and fineness modulus by the use of crushed_run stone which contains 20 percent of stone chippings smaller than 5 mm,and the technical means of how to formulate superfine_sand high_strength concrete(HSC) by blending fly_ash and admixture.In addition,based on the analysis of the results obtained from numerous comparative experiments on factors influencing concrete strength,the parameters of mix proportion for C50 and C60 superfine_sand HSC are determined.     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE FRACTAL DEMENSIONS OF LIME SAND CONCRETE

Fractal geometry is a branch of applied mathmatics in 1975,and it is used to describe the surface character of irregular bodies. This paper applies fractal demension to study the micropores structures of lime sand concrete,and concludes that it can be used to describe the microp-ores. Their radii are less than 100A. The fractal demensions of lime sand concrete are measured by MlP(mean indicated pressure) technique. The results have shown that the stronger the autoclaving schedules,the less the fractal demensions of lime sand concrete;the larger the water solid ratio(W/S),the larger the fractal demensions,and the calcium silicate ratio(C/S) has the effect on the fractal demensions of lime sand concrete. A pore structure parameter, mean pore radius is also proposed.     

Study on Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Concrete

In this paper the high-performance concretes with 56-day compressive strengths of 60 to 100 MPa (with or without silica fume) have been studied experimentally in order to develop information about the mechanical properties of high-performance concrete. Results and discussions are presented regarding compressive strength gain with time,effect of drying. A linear equation of static modulus of elasticity has been derived.The static modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio are calculated by regression with testing data of 20 specimens.     

Preparing Technique of Super High StrengthHigh Performance Concrete with Superfine Sand

With the understanding that there will be a great demand for superhigh performance concrete (SHPC) in the future construction engineering,while the resources of coarse and intermediate sand commony used for SHPC are scarce,so it is very important to replace coarse and intermediate sand by plentiful superfine one; First in China and abroad as well a superfine sand superhigh performance concrete with max. slump 255mm and max.28d compressive strength 126.8 MPa was prepared.It was compared with superhigh performance concrete with intermediate sand.     

Preparation Technology of Fiber Toughened Self compacting High strength Concrete

Preparation technology of fiber toughened self compacting high strength concrete was tested by measuring influence of water/binder ratio, sand percentage, and steel fiber content on spread, T500 time , U shape value, and L shape value of fresh concrete. Mechanical properties were analyzed in case of different water/binder ratio, sand percentage, and steel fiber content. The test results show that suitable W/B and sand percentage were necessary to satisfy self compacting performance of the fresh concrete. With the increase of steel fiber content, the compressive strength and flexural strength were improved while workability of fresh concrete was cut down. Steel fiber toughened self compacting high strength concrete was prepared successfully with a strength grade of CF90 and a flexural strength of more than 11.0 MPa.     

油菜秸秆纤维混凝土保温性能试验研究

(目的)为了将解决农业废弃物油菜秸秆的去向问题和新型墙材的研发结合起来,(方法)本文对油菜秸秆进行碱处理后,以砂率和不同比例的秸秆掺量为变量,制成300mm×300mm×30mm的试件,通过稳态平板导热仪测试其导热系数,使用电镜(SEM)扫描混凝土内部微观结构,从宏观和微观角度研究油菜秸秆纤维混凝土的保温性能。试验结果表明：(结果)不同秸秆掺量的各试验组及对照组,砂率为25%的混凝土相较于砂率取40%的混凝土导热系数均降低了约10%,(结论)即总体呈现砂率越高导热系数越大试件保温性能越差的趋势;(结果)不同砂率的各试验组及对照组,秸秆纤维掺量为2.5%的混凝土试件比秸秆纤维掺量为0%的混凝土试件的导热系数均降低了30%左右,(结论)即秸秆掺量越大,导热系数越小,试件保温性越好。     

宁夏白芨滩地区风沙土理化性质初步研究

为了研究宁夏河东沙区白芨滩地区风沙土的理化性质,通过野外调查、采样及室内实验分析,对研究区流动沙丘、半流动沙丘及草方格固定沙丘风沙土理化性质进行了测定分析。结果表明:土壤含水量均较低,土壤含水量的平均值表现为草方格固定沙丘半流动沙丘流动沙丘。风沙土土壤粒度组成表现为各层均以细沙颗粒为主,中沙颗粒含量次之,极细沙含量较小。流动沙丘的表层含有非常少量的粗沙颗粒,半流动沙丘和草方格固定沙丘各层几乎没有粗沙颗粒。而草方格固定沙丘的表层含有少量的粉沙颗粒,其余各层均无粉沙颗粒。土壤容重从表层向下逐渐减小,流动沙丘和半流动沙丘容重较为接近,而草方格表层沙土容重明显较小。土壤养分流动沙丘、半流动沙丘和草方格固定沙丘的养分含量较接近,差异不显著,而且各类型沙丘养分的垂直变化无明显规律,变化不稳定。     

Micro structure Characteristics of Recycled Fine Aggregate and Its Concrete

The characteristics of recycled fine aggregate (RFA) and its concrete (RFAC) were analyzed by SEM, EDXA, XRD, Micro harness and nitrogen absorption. The results show that RFA is an artificial aggregate with complex compositions, certain hydration activity and high permeability. The mineral compositions of RFA include SiO2, CaCO3 and a small quantity of C2S, which has a certain hydration activity and can form hydration productions. The compaction rate of cement paste in RFAC is low because of pores in it. There is obvious interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between RFAC and cement paste, and its width is bigger than that in ordinary concrete. In addition, the values of micro hardness of the interfacial transition zone on both sides of RFA and cement paste are lower. The porous structure of the recycled fine aggregates and defects of ITZ are main reasons for big pores in RFAC, which has bad effect on impermeability of RFAC.     

Rubber Powder Modified Frost Resistance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete

Utilizing relative dynamic elastic modulus and weight loss of concrete as evaluation indices, the frost resistance of concrete with 0.45 water-cement ratio and different recycled aggregate replacement proportions was studied in the water and 3.5% sodium chloride solution. The mass proportions of recycled aggregate are 25%, 50% and 75%, respectively. Furthermore, the frost resistance of the modified concrete with 5% and 10% rubber powder volume fractions replacing fine aggregates was studied. The results show that: the frost resistance of concrete decreases with the increase of recycled aggregate, when the recycled aggregate mass fractions are 25% and 50%, its influence on the frost resistance of concrete is little, and mixing rubber powders can effectively improve the frost resistance of concrete; when the recycled aggregate mass fraction reaches 75%, its effect on the frost resistance of concrete is significant, and mixing rubber powders has certain improvement effect, but compared with the benchmark group of concrete the maximum freeze-thaw cycles decreases more than 30%. In water frozen test, the weight loss is small and the relative dynamic elastic modulus loss is quite obvious. The frost resistance is better when adding 5% volume fraction of rubber powders. In salt frozen test, the main characteristic is the weight loss exceeds the requirements. The frost resistance is better when adding 10% volume fraction of rubber powders. The improvement effect of rubber powder to the frost resistance of concrete in salt solution is much better than that in water.     

红花瘤果茶种子贮藏特性及萌发过程中抗氧化酶活性的研究

针对红花瘤果茶(Camellia rubituberculata)物种濒危及自然繁育困难的问题,在不同的种子贮藏条件下,检测种子贮藏特性及其萌发过程中抗氧化酶变化。结果表明:1)红花瘤果茶种子在常温保存、干燥冷藏、干燥冷冻、拌沙冷藏、拌沙冷冻等5种条件下贮藏60 d后,种子的生活力均开始下降、拌沙冷藏60 d是最适宜的贮藏时间,种子生活力最高可达90.00%,而在贮藏120 d时生活力下降为30.00%。贮藏120 d后,种子劣变程度加深、发芽率和发芽势明显下降,冷冻贮藏的种子基本不发芽。2)在5种贮藏条件下,种子的粗脂肪含量均呈下降趋势,可溶性糖呈上升态势,可溶性蛋白质含量呈先上升后下降再上升的周期性变化规律。3)未经贮藏的种子在15℃、25℃、35℃条件下均能发芽,抗氧化酶活性随着温度的变化而差异显著,在萌发后期,过氧化物酶(POD)活性在15℃最高,25℃最低。35℃条件下的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性低于15℃和25℃条件下的,25℃条件下的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性高于15℃和35℃条件下的,温度一定时,光照时间对种子萌发过程中抗氧化酶变化的影响不显著。     

Experiment And Study On Microstructure of Superfine- sand High Strength Concretes

A high strength concrete with 28 day strength up to 80 MPa from superfine sand with fineness modulus of 0.56 is obtained.It has a permeability resistance of 4.0 MPa and small shrinkage creep.Experiment and study were carried out on its pore structure,hydration products and microhardness of transient area in cement paste and aggregate interface. The essence for high strength of such concrete was revealed.     

基质、光照和温度对羊耳菊种子萌发的影响

为了研究羊耳菊种子的萌发特性,观察了不同基质、光照和温度等条件处理对羊耳菊种子萌发的影响.种子萌发试验的基质分别为纱布、滤纸及细河沙;光照条件分别为黑暗和自然光2种;萌发温度分别为10,15,20,25℃.结果表明:1)种子萌发最佳基质为细河沙;2)种子在光照条件下具有较高的萌发率;3)最适萌发温度为25℃,萌发率达53.75％.本研究可为羊耳菊资源利用提供科学依据.     

Study on Consolidation of Reinforced Soft Foundationwith Two-way Drainage of Sand Well

Based on traditional consolidation theory, the soft ground settlement is calculated and one-, two-, and three-dimensional consolidation of reinforced soft foundation with sand drain is studied. The calculation method of average sand drain and the new modified method are discussed. The results can serve as a guide to subgrade design of soft ground.     

毛乌素沙地城镇绿化可利用的野生观赏植物资源

扼要介绍了毛乌素沙地的地理位置与气候特点,对沙区可用于城镇绿化的主要野生观赏植物进行了比较详细地论述,并提出了可行性利用与保护措施。毛乌素沙地位于北纬37°30'~39°30',东径107°20'~111°30',面积4.22万km2,海拔1000~1600 m,包括内蒙古伊克昭盟的南部、陕西榆林市北部和宁夏东北部,涉及14个县（旗）的150多个乡镇。经野外调查统计,毛乌素沙地野生观赏植物种类丰富,共有83科、170属、499种（含变种）。引种试验表明,一些野生观赏植物或形态各异,迎霜傲雪;或花色艳丽,五彩缤纷,令人赏心悦目,具有较高观赏价值。尤其是耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄,抗风沙,适宜在毛乌素沙区推广种植,绿化美化沙区城市环境,创造具有沙区地方特色的园林景观。     

北沙柳研究进展

北沙柳属杨柳科柳属植物,具有萌蘖力强,耐旱、耐盐碱和抗风沙的特点,是中国西北地区固沙造林的主要树种之一,兼具生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。我们综述了国内外近年来北沙柳的相关研究成果包括生长繁殖、生理生态特征、与真菌共生作用、防风固沙、分子生物学及产业化开发与利用,并对未来发展前景做出展望,提出优良种质资源收集、分子定向育种和资源合理开发等建议,旨在为北沙柳的种质资源库管理、资源保护和合理开发应用提供科学依据。     

民勤绿洲-荒漠过渡带微区土壤水分及粒度特征研究

为阐明民勤沙区3种典型微区土壤水分及其粒度特征变化,在其产流区及积水区采用土壤剖面及多点混合取样法取样,供土壤水分及理化性质分析,研究结果表明：（1）3类微区积水区积水痕迹明显且其植被盖度大于产流区。粘土沙障 梭梭林积水区结皮发育优于产流区,白刺沙包丘间低地及粘土平地与其结果恰好相反。（2）固定白刺沙包丘间低地积水区各层水分优于产流区;粘土平地表层土壤含水量积水区明显好于产流区,而粘土沙障 梭梭林表层土壤含水量产流区好于积水区。（3）3类微区积水区土壤含水量在20~40 cm之间最低,其中固定白刺沙包丘间低地明显高于粘土平地和粘土沙障 梭梭林,而对应产流区土壤最低含水量大小及出现深度基本一致。（4）固定白刺沙包丘间低地积水区表层粘、粉粒含量小于产流区,而深层细砂粒含量产流区大于积水区;粘土平地两区土壤组成以粗、细砂粒为主,粘粒在各对应层产流区都好于积水区。粘土沙障 梭梭林以粗砂粒为主,结构较为单一。总之,微区通过调节降水的分配方式来影响土壤水分及粒度分布进而影响沙地微区植被时空分布。     

Temperature Field Analysis of Long-span Concrete Box Girders

Taking a two-lane extra large bridge as sample,it is to analyze the real time thermal field and thermal effect on a long-span prestressed concrete box girder. The obtained data is compared with the simulation which is based on a balancing theory of temperature distributions and exchange in box girder exterior surfaces. The results show that the proposed method can emulate the actual boundary conditions precisely, it can satisfy the design analysis requirement of the practice engineering. Based on the emulation of the temperature field, with the ANSYS secondary development technology, FEM modules are developed to analyze the thermal field of the prestressed concrete box girder bridges. The present examples show that the developed modules are effective and useful.