高分子量谷蛋白5+10亚基和1B/1R易位分子标记辅助选择在小麦品质育种中的应用

谷蛋白亚基组成对小麦加工品质具有重要作用。以豫麦34、藁城8901和中优9507为优质亲本,以轮选987、石4185和周麦16为农艺回交亲本,采用5+10亚基和1B/1R易位分子标记结合田间农艺性状选择,育成4个BC₂F₄群体共125个高代品系。2008—2009年度,将这些高代品系分别种植于北京和河南安阳,分析了5+10亚基和1B/1R易位对蛋白质含量、和面时间和峰值曲线面积等品质参数的影响。4个群体中蛋白质含量与和面时间、峰值曲线面积等参数变幅较大,后代品系间品质差异明显,5+10亚基可显著增加和面时间和峰值曲线面积,1B/1R易位对和面时间和峰值曲线面积的作用则受遗传背景的影响。和面时间和峰值曲线面积等主要品质参数还受亚基表达量的影响,和面时间和峰值曲线面积与低分子量谷蛋白亚基含量显著正相关(r = 0.38~0.74,P < 0.05),导入5+10亚基可显著增加高分子量和低分子量谷蛋白亚基含量;Glu-B3位点等位基因的变化对高分子量谷蛋白亚基含量的影响不显著,对低分子量谷蛋白亚基含量的影响则因组合而异。通过有限回交,育种早代在室内采用5+10优质亚基和1B/1R易位分子标记辅助选择,结合田间农艺性状选择,可以加速培育优质新品种。     

小麦Glu-1位点变异和1B/1R易位对谷蛋白亚基表达量和面包加工品质的影响

选用北方冬麦区近年来育成的优质强筋品种及山东省主栽品种共42份, 采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)和凝胶色谱法(SE-HPLC)对小麦贮藏蛋白组分进行量化, 分析了不同高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成对其表达量、面团流变学特性和面包加工品质的影响。结果表明, Glu-D1位点对谷蛋白亚基含量和加工品质的加性效应最大, 达5%显著水平, 贡献率为28.5%~71.3%。在Glu-A1和Glu-D1位点, 单个亚基对谷蛋白亚基含量和加工品质的贡献分别为1>2*>N和5+10>2+12>4+12, 而在Glu-B1位点, 则表现为差异不显著。不同亚基组合的HMW–GS表达量差异达5%显著水平, 相同亚基组合的品种间贮藏蛋白组分表达量的变异较大, 亚基表达量的差异可能是导致品种间品质差异的重要原因。1B/1R易位显著降低LMW-GS、谷蛋白总量和%UPP, 导致加工品质变劣。选择具有优质亚基组合, 且谷蛋白亚基表达量高的类型, 是有效改良面筋强度, 进一步提高优质新品种选育的有效途径。     

基于土地氮磷承载力的区域畜禽养殖总量控制研究

畜禽粪便已经对我国的水环境形成了巨大的污染威胁。针对某一区域的畜禽粪便污染,基于从源头减少畜禽粪便产生较为困难、现有处理技术对畜禽粪便氮磷去除效果有限、畜禽粪便或者其处理剩余物难以长距离转移、土地对氮磷的承载力有限等基本条件,从理论上提出了区域畜禽养殖应进行总量控制的基本思路。基于耕地面积对我国及各省畜禽养殖的允许总量进行了初步估算,并与实际总量进行了比较分析。结果表明：2007年,以氮素为基准,全国畜禽养殖允许总量为25.03亿头猪当量,总量使用率为64.39%;以磷素为基准,全国畜禽养殖允许总量为13.68亿头猪当量,总量使用率为100.20%。分省来看,以氮素和磷素为基准,分别有5个和17个省份的实际总量超过其允许总量。因此,从畜禽粪便污染控制角度来看,对部分省份以及重点区域进行畜禽养殖总量控制非常紧迫。     

食用豆类种子蛋白研究初报

为比较食用豆类种子蛋白的品质,我们对红小豆(Phaseolus angularis)、绿豆(Phaseolus aureus)、豌豆(Pissum sativum)、蚕豆(Vicia faba)的种子蛋白含量及氨基酸组成进行了生化分析,并分别提取清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶谷蛋白和谷蛋白,测定其蛋白质及氨基酸的含量。分析结果表明:食用豆类种子中,蛋白质的含量比禾谷类的高一倍左右     

THE DIFFERENCE IN CONSTRUCTION BETWEEN DOS/C AND CCDOS AND THEIR COMPATIBILITY

This paper discusses the difference in censtruction betweentwo Chinese wcrd processing system, the environment and method of runninga CCDOS software under the DOS/ C. DOS/ C is one Chinese word processingsystem used in the Chinese terminal of Siemens computer system, comparisonwith the other CCDOS, there are a lot of difference, especially With the Soft-ware running under the CCDOS Used Very currently nowadays.     

Management Information System of Power Based on C/S and B/S Mode Combined

After analyzing the feature of C/S and B/S modes, a kind of MIS for power industry, which combined C/S with B/S, is put forward. The C/ S platform is developed with the Powerbuilder 7.0 and SQL Server 7.0, and the B/ S platform is developed with ASP and IIS5.0+ SQL Server7.0. Electric power management information system should be constituted by the seventh statures mold piece, which are the electricity measures to collecting, electricity charges settling accounting system, the safety system et al. In order to meet the demand of data safety of enterprises, the method of passing data between C/S and B/S is introduced.     

陕西省耕地利用碳源/汇时空差异分析

为了定量测度陕西省耕地利用的碳源/汇情况,为陕西省土地利用碳减排工作提供参考,笔者分别从时间和空间上对陕西省2000-2007年耕地利用碳吸收量、碳排放量进行测算,并利用耕地碳汇基尼系数进行分析。结果表明：（1）2000-2007年陕西省耕地利用整体上表现为碳汇,年均碳汇量为815.83万t;（2）研究期内陕西全省耕地碳汇量呈关中最大,陕南次之,陕北最小的分布格局;（3）对耕地碳汇基尼系数按区域分解表明,陕西省不仅整体上表现为耕地碳汇能力的增强,且3大区域内部也表现为碳汇能力的增强,耕地利用存在一定的碳汇优势,但与沿海地区相比还存在较大差距。     

OPTIMAL ACTIVE POWER ADJUSTMEMT OF LARGE HYBRID AC/DC SYSTEMS AFTER OUTAGE CONTINGENCIES WITH THE APPLICATION IN RELIABILITY EVALUATION

An optimal active power adjustment model is deve in this paper for hybrid AC/DC systems after outage contingencies. The objective of the model is to minimize the rejection of load when some elements are out of service, with adjustment strategy approaching practical system operation. A large number of outage contingencies are simulated when the Monte-Carlo Method is emyloyed to evaluate the system reliability, requiring fast calculation of each simulation. The model and computer method proposed in this paper satisfy such a requirment because of the application of concentric relaxation, recursive branch constraint treatment in linear programming and a direct method for B-1 matrix modification. This paper is concerned with the simplified steady state conditions of the system based on DC load-flow, which implies the reliability indices calculated are the measures about static loss of load. The results for a 14-bus hybrid AC/DC system are given.     

W/O/W型多重乳状液的稳定性及其在食品加工中的研究应用进展

W/O/W多重乳状液具有优良的应用特性,但是其稳定性受多种因素的影响。综述了乳化剂、相比、黏度等物理化学因素和乳化工艺对W/O/W型多重乳状液稳定性的影响,介绍了W/O/W型多重乳状液在缓释、微胶囊和作为脂肪替代品方面的应用。     

FY3/MERSI和EOS/MODIS归一化植被指数差异分析

为进行中分辨率成像光谱仪的EOS/MODIS数据与FY3/MERSI数据归一化植被指数(NDVI)的差异性分析,分别选取2008年8月16日、2009年8月30日EOS/MODIS和FY3/MERSI遥感数据,分林地、灌丛、旱田、水田、城市、沙地6种不同地类进行了植被指数计算,并从数据相关性、直方图分布、特征空间分布等方面进行了分析比较。结果表明,MODIS/NDVI 和MERSI/NDVI有着共同的直方图走势,动态范围基本一致,各类地物的反演结果均表现出很好的线性一致性,其中林地R2最高,达到0.8624。     

Male fertility and occurrence of 2n gametes in East African Highland bananas (Musa spp.)

The quantity and quality of pollen produced by a genotype are important attributes to be considered in the selection of male parents for breeding. The objective of this research was to determine the quantity and quality of pollen in 13 selected East African Highland bananas (EAHB) in relation to six diploids commonly used as male parents. Pollen quantity was scored on a scale of 0–6 while the variation of pollen stainability along the rachis was determined using acetocarmine glycerol jelly. Actual male fertility was determined by using pollen from the EAHB varieties on M. acuminata spp. burmannicoides, ‘Calcutta 4’, as the female. The diameter of 200 viable pollen grains was measured under a microscope with the aid of a graduated eyepiece. Significant differences were obtained for mean pollen stainability and pollen diameter. The pollen stainability for diploids was higher than that for the EAHB. Node numbers contributed significantly to variation of pollen stainability in EAHB (P ≤ 0.01) and ‘Pisang lilin’ (P ≤ 0.001). ‘Pisang lilin’ and the EAHB varieties had about 100 nodes as opposed to about 200 in other diploids. The EAHB varieties produced less pollen than most of the diploids. The actual male fertility of EAHB varieties was low (1 seed/bunch), compared to that of ‘Calcutta 4’ (223.3 seeds/bunch) and ‘Pisang lilin’ (13.7 seeds/bunch). Although the production of 2n pollen in EAHB varieties was low (0–7%), the potential exists for using them in new breeding approaches.     

DIGITAL SIMULATION OF HIGH VOLTAGE AC/DC PARALLEL SYSTEMS

The method of companion model is applied to the digital simulation of high voltage hybrid AC/DC systems for the first trme in this thesis.The mathematical model of the digital simulation of hybrid AC/DC systems is represented. This method can model the normal states, faults and games of faults of any hybrid AC/DC systems. The method has a series of advantages : saving the computation and the amounts of memory, high precision and fast calculation and it can be used with convenience. The simulation results of a hybrid AC/DC system arc in consistent with that of theoretical analysis. It shows that the mathematical model, the simulation method and the program in this thesis are correct.     

THE CLASSIFICATION THEOREM OF THE STATES FOR AN IRREDUCIBLE APERIODIC MARKOV.CHAIN AND ITS APPLICATION ON CERTAIN QUEUEING PROCESS

A sufficient condition of the recurrence and a sufficient and ne- cessary condition of the transience for an irreducible and aperiodic Markvo chain are given in this paper. The theorem 4 and- theorem 5 proved by F, G. Foster [1] are just the particular cases of them. Finally, these results are applied to the embedded Markov chain associated with queueing process so as to resolve the problem of the state classification for M/G/1 queueing process with bulk service studied by Bailey [2].     

小麦/玉米/大豆和小麦/玉米/甘薯套作对根际土壤细菌群落多样性及植株氮素吸收的影响

为探讨小麦/玉米/大豆和小麦/玉米/甘薯套作体系中根际细菌群落多样性与作物氮素高效吸收的差异特性及二者间的关系,应用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术研究了小麦–大豆(A1)、小麦–甘薯(A2)、玉米(A3)、小麦/玉米/大豆(A4)和小麦/玉米/甘薯(A5)5种种植模式的根际细菌群落多样性。结果表明,与A1、A2、A3及A5相比,A4套作提高了各作物在开花期(或吐丝期)与成熟期的籽粒吸氮量、地上部总吸氮量和Shannon-Weiner index多样性指数(H′)。处理间的吸氮量与H′的变化规律为套作>单作、大豆茬口>甘薯茬口,以A4处理最高。不同种植模式下DGGE图谱条带的数量及亮度有较大区别,且有几条特征性条带发生了明显变化。不同种植模式间的细菌群落结构相似性较低,群落相似度系数(Cs)表现为套作与套作间>套作与单作间;A4与A5间的Cs相对较小,二者间的细菌群落结构差异较大。A4模式有利于提高根际细菌群落多样性,增强植株对氮素的吸收能力。     

Phase behavior of biodiesel/diesel-ethanol-water micro-emulsion system

The phase behavior of the biodiesel/diesel-ethanol-water micro-emulsion system is investigated with chemical titration, and the effect of the biodiesel to diesel ratio on the phase behavior is analyzed.The results indicate that there exists an isotropic single-phase region in which the system formulates stable isotropic micro-emulsions consisting of biodiesel, diesel, ethanol and water without involving any surfactants, which reveals that biodiesel can be used successfully as a surface-active agent, and that the single-phase area depends on the concentrations of different components.At higher ethanol concentrations and higher ratios of biodiesel to diesel, the width of single-phase area is increased and the maximum limit of water dissolved in the mixture of biodiesel-diesel-ethanol which form a stable single-phase micro-emulsion is increased with higher biodiesel concentrations in the case of a constant ethanol quantity.Finally, the maximum limit of dissolved water in the mixture of different components is obtained.     

CCL25/CCR9和CCL28/CCR10在仔猪胃肠道组织中的表达

【研究目的】旨在探讨CCL25/CCR9、CCL28/CCR10在仔猪胃肠道中的表达规律。【方法】通过常规RT-PCR检测CCL25/CCR9、CCL28/CCR10分别在15日龄和30日龄仔猪胃肠道不同部位的表达。【结果】 CCL25 mRNA主要在小肠表达,而CCR9 mRNA在小肠、大肠及胃中均表达,且表达量较高;CCL28 mRNA和CCR10 mRNA在小肠、大肠及胃中均表达,并以后段肠道的表达量较高。CCL25/CCR9、CCL28/CCR10在30日龄仔猪胃肠道中的表达高于15日龄仔猪。【结论】初步得出CCL25/CCR9、CCL28/CCR10 在仔猪胃肠道中的表达规律,并为进一步揭示在其它组织中的表达及它们的生物学作用奠定了基础。     

1BL/1RS易位对小麦贮藏蛋白组分含量和面团流变学特性的影响

利用1BL/1RS易位系后代研究1BL/1RS易位对贮藏蛋白组分含量和面团流变学特性的影响有助于指导小麦品质改良工作。选用师栾02-1/周麦16组合14份F6品系,于2012—2013年度分别种植在河南安阳和焦作,采用反相超高效液相色谱(RP-UPLC)和凝胶排阻超高效液相色谱(SE-UPLC)方法分析贮藏蛋白组分含量,并研究它们与面团流变学特性的关系。结果表明,拉伸仪延展性和最大抗延阻力、不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量和谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白等贮藏蛋白组分含量及其比例均受1BL/1RS易位有无类别和类内品系效应的显著影响,以类内品系效应较大;拉伸仪拉伸面积、谷蛋白含量及醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白含量比值的类内品系效应显著且较大。易位系和非易位系的贮藏蛋白组分含量和面团流变学特性的相关系数达显著水平,在易位系中,不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量和拉伸面积(r=0.92,P0.001)、延展性(r=0.92,P0.001)、最大抗延阻力(r=0.80,P0.01)呈显著正相关,面团流变学特性较好的品系不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量均较高;在非易位系中,醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白含量比值和拉伸面积(r=?0.91,P0.001)、最大抗延阻力(r=?0.88,P0.001)呈显著负相关,面团流变学特性较好的品系醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白含量比值均较低。上述信息对以不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量和醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白含量比值为指标改良1BL/1RS易位系的面筋品质有重要意义。     

不同无土栽培基质对高羊茅生长的影响

利用草炭、腐殖质、枯落物等按不同比例混合组成新的无土栽培绿色基质,进行高羊茅草皮栽培试验。观测指标有基质的主要理化性质、高羊茅在不同生长期的生长指标和生理指标、草皮的生物量等。并对观测数据进行方差分析和多重比较,通过相关分析法和主成分分析法最终确定了最优的基质配方。     

不同播种量对白三叶草生长和越夏率的影响

为探讨不同播种量对白三叶草(Trifolium repens L.)生长、产量、越夏率以及对杂草生物量控制的影响,于2012年10月—2013年11月在幼龄杨梅园开展白三叶草不同播种量研究。结果表明:随播种量增加,白三叶草出苗数、草层高度呈上升趋势,而茎粗、叶片SPAD值和单株鲜重均呈下降趋势。白三叶草鲜草产量随播种量的增加显著增加,播种量15.00 kg/hm~2时,增加幅度较大,处理间达显著差异,而播种量为15.00~18.75 kg/hm~2时,鲜草产量增幅减小;白三叶草种子产量和越夏率均随播种量增加而呈先升后降的趋势,播种量为11.25 kg/hm~2种子产量最高,播种量为15.00 kg/hm~2时越夏率最高。杂草生物量则随白三叶草播种量的增加呈下降趋势。因此,白三叶草在丘陵红壤区幼龄果园适宜播种量为11.25~15.00 kg/hm~2。     

UPLC-MS/MS测定菠萝中除草定的残留行为

为了明确除草定在菠萝上的残留行为,以及为中国制定除草定在菠萝上的最大残留限量提供数据支撑,笔者采用田间试验方法研究了除草定在菠萝和土壤中的残留与降解行为,采用UPLC-MS/MS进行定性定量分析,研究了前处理方法中不同的净化条件（液液分配萃取溶剂、固相萃取小柱、淋洗液、淋洗体积）对除草定检测分析的影响,并确定最优前处理方法条件。除草定的最小检出量为1×10^-12 g,菠萝和土壤中的最小检出浓度为5×10^-3 mg/L。当添加浓度为0.01~1 mg/L时,在菠萝和土壤中的平均添加回收率分别为85.1%~86.5%、84.0%~85.5%;相对标准偏差分别为3.46%~6.78%、2.74%~4.54%,符合农药残留分析检测要求。田间试验结果表明,除草定在土壤中的降解符合一级动力学方程,其降解半衰期为8.2~11.1天（小于30天）,属于易降解农药;按低剂量（有效成分4800 g/hm²）施药1、2次,收获期菠萝全果中除草定的残留量为＜0.01~0.01 mg/kg,菠萝果肉中除草定残留量均＜0.01 mg/kg。在菠萝中的最终残留量均低于日本和澳大利亚规定的最大残留限量(0.05、0.04 mg/kg)。