青海天峻县高原型藏羊毛纤维物理性能分析

通过对青海天峻县高原型藏羊毛纤维物理性能分析。结果表明纤维类型重量百分比:无髓毛、有髓毛和干死毛含量:周岁羊平均分别占48.87%,43.23%,15.38%,无干死毛羊只占15.11%;成年羊平均分别占40.85%,44.40%,17.52%,无干死毛羊只占14.41%。羊毛纤维细度:无髓毛、有髓毛和干死毛细度,周岁羊平均分别为21.06μm,38.85μm,68.31μm,成年羊平均分别为22.44μm,38.67μm,79.29μm。毛辫长、底绒长、毛纤维手排平均长度:周岁羊平均分别为274.13mm,82.72mm,70.05mm;成年羊平均分别为275.30mm,90.70mm,73.21mm。净毛率和色度(Wht、YT):周岁羊平均分别为72.37%,68.68,30.60;成年羊平均分别为73.55%,69.11,30.16。天峻县高原型藏羊具有良好的毛辫长度和底绒长度,而且底绒细度细,粗毛、绒毛比例适中,干死毛含量少,净毛率高,色度好的特点,是纺织地毯、长毛绒和提花毯的优质原料。     

青海藏羊

青海藏羊具有体格大、毛长、毛质好的特点。藏羊为异质毛被,毛纤维的重量比为:绒毛50—55％,两型毛25—35％,粗毛10—20％,还有少量干死毛。毛纤维细度:绒毛约20微米,两型毛40—45微米,粗毛60—80微米。毛辫长度15—25厘米,最长可达40厘     

提高壤塘藏山羊产绒性能研究报告(续完)

3.4.3绒毛品质 1)绒毛自然长度辽宁绒山羊纯繁的成年羊与原产地比较,绒纤维自然长度公母羊均明显降低(P<0.01)公羊粗毛减短(P<0.01),母羊略有增加(P<0.05).藏山羊绒自然长度比辽宁绒山羊公母分别短2.17 cm和2.32 cm(P<0.01),但达到纺织要求(≥3.5cm).因此提高藏山羊产绒性能还需增加绒长.通过杂交和选种试验,一代绒毛分别比藏山羊公羊长1.38cm和0.47 cm,母羊1.66cm、0.81 cm,效果极显著(P<0.01).详见表4.     

西藏阿旺绵羊羊毛品质分析

旨在进一步阐明阿旺绵羊种质资源特征,为制定阿旺绵羊羊毛生产与质量控制标准提供科学依据。采用现场鉴定和实验室检测方法对270份采集自不同年龄、不同性别阿旺绵羊不同部位的羊毛样品品质进行分析研究。现场测定结果表明：阿旺绵羊成年公、母羊的平均羊毛长度分别为90.3、71.0 mm,平均剪毛量分别为1.35、1.00 kg;育成公、母羊平均羊毛长度分别为61.5、58.3 mm,平均剪毛量分别为1.08、0.84 kg;阿旺绵羊油汗颜色为白色或乳白色,油汗含量以1/2、1/3为主。实验室检测结果表明：成年公羊肩、侧、股3个部位毛长度分别为95.40、99.68、115.44 mm,成年母羊肩、侧、股3个部位毛长度分别为65.72、62.39、83.06 mm;育成公羊肩、侧、股3个部位毛长度分别为80.52、86.11、103.63 mm,育成母羊肩、侧、股3个部位毛长度分别为62.95、64.53、78.95 mm;采自3个不同部位的270份羊毛样品的纤维类型平均占比分别为：无髓毛占72.98%,有髓毛占21.31%,两型毛占5.47%;无髓毛平均直径为25.97 μm,直径离散26.79%;有髓毛平均直径为69.59 μm,直径离散23.63%;两型毛平均直径为41.99 μm,直径离散26.65%;粗毛纤维直径范围为24.66-72.15 μm,肩、侧、股部的纤维直径变化无规律。     

波德代羊羊毛品质分析研究

通过对波德代羊毛纤维的自然毛丛长度、伸直长度、细度、强伸度的试验研究，表明：成年波德代羊毛自然毛丛长度公羊为17．08cm，母羊为14．79cm；羊毛细度公羊为31．9μm，母羊为28．37μm；羊毛强度公、母羊分别为35.13cN、33.73cN；伸度公、母羊分别为51．54％、51．91％；羊毛油脂率公、母羊分别为12．51％、11．03％；净毛率公、母羊分别为68.26％、65．71％。     

"优质细毛羊(无角类型)培育"效果分析

通过对新疆巴州种畜场中国美利奴羊开展以改善群体毛纤维细度为主要目标的培育,5年取得初步成效.经羊毛纤维抽样检验,成年母羊、育成公羊和育成母羊毛纤维直径分别平均为20.39、19.64和1 9.85μm,比5年前的老群体平均毛纤维细度总体提高一个细度支数.新类群内毛纤维直径21.5 μm以细的个体比例分别为成年母羊77.78%、育成公羊84.71%、育成母羊85%;羊毛净毛率（穿衣后）分别为育成公羊68.51%、育成母羊69.37%;新类群羊羊毛平均自然长度成年母羊、育成公羊和育成母羊分别为8.95、11.85和11.56 cm;其它性状的优良率育成公羊和育成母羊分别为：被毛密度M3占85.6%和70.03%,被毛手感S3占98.4%和97.6%,羊毛弯曲W3占93.2%和94.96%,羊毛油汗H3占91.6%和88.59%.与4年前相比：羊毛自然长度有所降低;被毛手感、羊毛弯曲、羊毛油汗有显著改善;被毛密度差异不显著,净毛率差异不显著.     

青海省不同品种羊羊毛纤维物理性能分析

对青海省几个不同品种羊的羊毛纤维物理性能进行了系统分析.结果表明:藏羊毛纤维类型与前人研究资料相比,被毛中绒毛含量下降31.35%,两型毛、粗毛、死毛分别上升0.73%、19.08%、11.55%,表明藏羊毛品质退化严重;青海半细毛羊纤维细度、伸直长度与2000年测定资料相比,细度差异不显著(P＞0.05),长度下降差异显著(P＜0.05);青海细毛羊纤维细度在60～64支、伸直长度在11 cm以上,是良好的精纺原料;青海山羊毛纤维细度在14 μm以下,可作为上等纺织原料.     

中国美利奴超细品系的羊毛性能分析

高寒牧区培育的超细品系的羊毛特性为:毛长:周岁育成公、母羊平均为11.33±0.76cm和9.68±0.92cm;成年公、母羊分别为10.12±0.91cm和9.3±0.85cm.羊毛伸直率在110%～160%之间.纤维直径:成、幼年公羊分别为18.89±2.05μm和18.02±1.17μm;育成母羊为18.12±1.40μm,其中占49.43%羊只的细度在80支以上(平均为16.995±0.71μm).净毛率:成年母羊为49.46±5.87%,育成公羊为53.32±5.87%,育成母羊为53.62±3.92%.含脂率:成年公羊15.63±2.63%,成年母羊10.17±2.14%,幼年公羊13.31±1.53%,幼年母羊9.08±1.72%.卷曲度和卷曲率:卷曲度每厘米平均为6.35个(4～10个之间),卷曲率平均为111.64%(85%～160%之间)     

多绒山羊和辽宁绒山羊毛被特性比较研究

随机取多绒山羊和辽宁绒山羊各 1 53只 ,经一年的跟踪测定统计发现 ,辽宁绒山羊为双层组织结构毛被 ,绒和毛分层清晰 ,成年公母羊平均毛长分别为 1 5.50厘米和 1 4.95厘米 ,平均绒长 8.6 4厘米和 6 .32厘米 ;多绒山羊为单层组织结构毛被 ,除背线、颈、腹部稍见到粗毛外 ,全身长着厚密长绒 ,毛稀短 ,酷似绵羊 ,成年公母羊平均毛长分别为 1 1 .85厘米和 1 0 .85厘米 ,平均绒长为 9.50厘米和 8.51厘米。在绒毛比、绒自然长度和产绒量上 ,多绒山羊均高于辽宁绒山羊 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;净绒率略高于辽宁绒山羊 ,绒细度略粗于辽宁绒山羊。     

引进肉用绵羊产毛性能分析

对引进肉用绵羊白萨福克、无角陶塞特、特克塞尔的产毛性能进行分析,结果表明,3个品种公、母羊12个月羊毛长度均在8.0cm以上,符合毛纺要求;羊毛纤维直径范围为30.44~36.64μm,在46~56支之间,属于半细同质毛类型;净毛率都在60%以上,高于原产地的净毛率,羊毛含脂率低于原产地;羊毛强度为16.58~19.85cN,在14~20cN之间,羊毛伸度为42.33~52.57%,在38%~54%之间;产毛量、体重均与原产地相近。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …