Cryopreservation of semen from a stallion with seminal vesiculitis

A 6‐year‐old Warmblood stallion was admitted for semen collection and cryopreservation. On the seventh and subsequent collection days semen samples were contaminated with purulent debris. A diagnosis of seminal vesiculitis was made following ultrasonography and endoscopy of the seminal vesicles. The stallion was treated with systemic and topical antimicrobial therapy and, although this did not cure the condition, subsequent ejaculates were suitable for cryopreservation.     

鲢病原嗜水气单胞菌分离鉴定及检测方法的建立

为鉴定江苏高邮市某养殖场混养鲢死亡原因,本研究对濒死鱼进行细菌分离纯化、常规理化特性、分子生物学和致病性试验鉴定以及药敏性检测.鉴定结果表明,分离菌对健康鲢具有较强的致病性,其LD50为5× 106.75 cfu/mL,根据其表型特征、理化特性及分子生物学鉴定,分离菌为气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)的嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila),其16S rRNA和gyrB基因序列分别为1 460 bp和1 171 bp;药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对37种抗生素中氨曲南、氟苯尼考、庆大霉素等12种抗生素敏感.另外,根据A.hydrophila的气溶素aerA基因设计引物,建立了PCR检测方法,该方法可以扩增出280 bp的aerA基因片段,其最低检出量为3×104 cfu/mL.本研究对A.hydrophila导致鲢出血死亡病原菌的分离鉴定以及建立的该菌检测方法,对鲢健康养殖和病害防治具有重要的意义.     

嗜水气单胞菌临床分离株胞外毒力因子的检测

嗜水气单胞菌在自然界，尤其是水环境中广泛存在，其毒力菌株能够引致人和多种动物传染性疾病，在公共卫生上占有一定的地位。自20世纪90年代以来引起的我国淡水养殖鱼类的暴发性败血症，造成重大的经济损失。嗜水气单胞菌有致病性与非致病性菌株之分。嗜水气单胞菌在生长繁殖过程中，不断地向外界环境中释放代谢产物，这对于细菌消化吸收营养物质、吸附、侵袭宿主细胞，在宿主体内定居、繁殖以及抵抗宿主免疫系统都有极其重要的意义。     

企鹅源嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定

从上海某水族馆因血痢、厌食、消瘦而死亡的秘鲁帝企鹅的心脏、肝脏中分离到2株细菌SH051237和SH060104,其培养性状及生化特性基本一致,经生化试验、VITEK试验等鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌.动物试验表明,分离株对小鼠均具有较强的致病性,且从死亡鼠回收到相应细菌.结果表明,分离到的菌株为致病性嗜水气单胞菌.     

Studies on seminal vesiculitis in the bull. II. Malformation of the pelvic genital organs as a possible predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of seminal vesiculitis.

Of 32 bulls showing inflammatory conditions in the pelvic genital organs, 25 were examined post mortem (24 showing vesiculitis with or without ampullitis and one showing ampullitis alone). In ten cases (40%) the following malformations or rare anatomical deviations were demonstrated by careful gross-anatomical dissection: Segmental aplasia of the Wolffian duct: 1; segmental hypoplasia of the Wolffian duct: 3; asymmetric implantation of the two ampullae: 3; accessory vesicular glands: 1; uterus masculinus persistens: 2. These results corroborate earlier observations that a congenital defect may play a certain r?le in the pathogenesis of seminal vesiculitis, most probably by acting as a locus minoris resistentiae in or around colliculus seminalis. On account of the above findings, and considering the prognosis for the condition and the lack of effective treatment, it can in general be recommended, that diseased bulls should be slaughtered as soon as the diagnosis seminal vesiculitis is final.     

Bilateral seminal vesiculitis and ampullitis in a stallion

A Thoroughbred stallion suspected of having venereal disease was found to have an infection of the accessory sex glands. Purulent debris, blood, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were recovered from all ejaculates. Treatment with gentamicin sulfate, tobramycin, and amikacin sulfate was unsuccessful in eliminating the infection. The stallion's seminal plasma, collected during treatment with gentamicin sulfate, did not contain any appreciable antibacterial activity. Apparently, negligible amounts of gentamicin diffused across the mucosal cell borders of the accessory sex glands into the seminal plasma. Bilateral seminal vesiculitis and ampullitis were evident on examination of the reproductive tract when the stallion was euthanatized.     

1株锦鲤致病性嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

从患病锦鲤体内分离得到1株细菌ML1,经人工感染后发现ML1具有较高的致病性,临床症状与自然发病症状一致,96 h的LD50为5.0×107cfu/m L。ML1菌株革兰染色呈阴性,杆状。16S rRNA基因序列分析结果显示,序列片段长度为1 419 bp,ML1菌株在系统发育树上与嗜水气单胞菌聚类,相似性达到100%。综合VITEK 2 Compact全自动微生物鉴定仪的生理生化特征分析、形态学观察、人工感染以及16S rRNA基因序列分析,将ML1菌株鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌。ML1菌株的最适生长p H为7~9,最适生长温度为28℃。在28℃200 r/min条件下的生长周期是:0~4 h为生长延迟期,4~10 h为对数生长期,10~24 h为稳定期,24~48 h为衰亡期。药敏试验表明,ML1菌株对多黏霉素B、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星等高度敏感,对磺胺异恶唑中度敏感,对麦迪霉素、氨苄西林、林可霉素等不敏感。研究结果为指导临床合理用药提供了科学依据。     

泰国湾鳄嗜水气单胞菌感染

气单胞菌属 (Aeromonas)中嗜水气单胞菌 (Aeromonashy drophila)是两栖爬行动物中最常见的机会致病菌。嗜水气单胞菌在水体环境中广泛分布 ,能使水生动物、水禽发病。现在越来越多的报道表明 ,嗜水气单胞菌亦能感染东北虎、北极熊、猪、兔等哺乳动物及人类。嗜水气单胞菌引起泰国湾鳄发生感染 ,并造成大量死亡的病例报道并不多见。现将 1例由于饲养管理方式不当 ,治疗不及时造成一鳄鱼场暴发嗜水气单胞菌感染 ,并引起大面积死亡 ,死亡率高达 60 %以上的病例 ,详细报道如下。1　发病情况某鳄鱼养殖场自 2 0 0 2年 4月以来一直将一群体长 1 5…     

嗜水气单胞菌粘附特性的研究

不同来源的６株嗜水气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌａ）对１０种不同红细胞的血凝试验表明，Ｊ－１株能凝集所有的１０种红细胞，而与其他菌株的血凝谱有所不同。血凝图式有２种：人、鸡、麻雀的红细胞凝集快，呈大小不等的絮状；而鲫鱼、绵羊、猪、小鼠、兔、鸭、犬的红细胞凝集慢，且呈均匀颗粒状。这两种血凝均能被Ｄ－甘露糖抑制，但不能被Ｊ－１株Ｒ菌毛抑制。组织粘附试验显示，Ｊ－１株能粘附小鼠和鲫鱼的肠组织和肠绒毛。将提纯的Ｒ菌毛预处理肠组织，或用Ｄ－甘露糖或木瓜蛋白酶消化的Ｒ菌毛抗血清Ｆａｂ片段预处理菌体，都不能抑制上述的粘附作用。Ｊ－１株对ＨＥｐ－２细胞显示强粘附，菌体随机粘附在细胞上，有少数侵入细胞浆内。其余５株菌的粘附特性与Ｊ－１株不尽相同。所有６株菌对草鱼肠组织及肠绒毛、ＥＰＣ细胞（鲤鱼乳头状上皮瘤细胞系）均无粘附性。     

罗非鱼嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定

北京某鱼场饲养的罗非鱼陆续发病死亡,其体表鳞片局部出血,肝、胰、脾脏肿大坏死,肠腔积水等,从病死及濒死罗非鱼的肝、胰脏中分离到 ４ 株细菌,经形态学、生理生化特性及血清凝集试验,鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌。４ 株细菌均能致死小鼠和鲢鱼。药敏试验表明,４ 株细菌对环丙沙星、蒽诺沙星高度敏感,而对青霉素和红霉素不敏感。     

Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Wild Freshwater Fish in Croatia

Aeromonas hydrophila was recovered from fish living in lake Vrana on the Croatian island of Cres. The occurrence of the bacterium in the fish was assessed and related to gross signs of disease and findings at necropsy as a potential health hazard for fish. Isolated bacteria were subjected to morphological, physiological, biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility tests. A total of 26 A. hydrophila isolates were obtained. There was a clear seasonality, as no isolates were recovered in the summer months. Most of the isolates were sensitive to all the antimicrobials used in the study except novobiocin and penicillin G. Affected fish manifested haemorrhages over the skin, in the liver, kidney and swim bladder, spleen infarcts, fatty liver, ascitic fluid and swollen haemopoietic tissues. A. hydrophila does not appear to pose a major threat for the fish in the lake at present but under unfavourable and stressful conditions it could seriously compromise fish health.     

Molecular subtyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cases of bovine mastitis in Brazil.

Sixty-six isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from milk samples of dairy cows suffering from subclinical mastitis in southern Brazil were analysed by five different molecular typing methods. These included the analysis of plasmid profiles, the analysis of coagulase (coa) gene polymorphisms by PCR amplification of the 3' terminal region of the coa gene, the PCR-based detection of polymorphisms in the X region of the protein A gene (spa), the PCR-directed analysis of variations in the spacer region between 16S and 23S rRNA, and the comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoretically separated genomic SmaI fragment patterns. The molecular typing methods were supplemented with the biochemical characterization of the isolates and the determination of their in-vitro susceptibility to 14 different antibiotics. All genotypic and phenotypic typing methods were analyzed for their ability to discriminate between the isolates. Macrorestriction analysis proved to be the most discriminatory single method (D = 0.96) followed by rRNA spacer typing (D = 0.85), coa PCR (D = 0.82), and spa PCR (D = 0.80).     

Characterization of semen collected by pharmacologically induced ejaculation from a stallion with seminal vesiculitis

The present study compared the quality of sperm collected by artificial vagina or pharmacologically induced ejaculation from a 10-year-old thoroughbred stallion with seminal vesiculitis. The pharmacological protocol involved intravenous administration of detomidine (0.01 mg/kg) and oxytocin (20 IU) and successfully induced ejaculation in all attempts of semen collection. Sperm motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity (PMAI), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) percentage, and bacterial profiles of fresh and cooled semen (5°C for 24 hr) were evaluated. Semen obtained by the pharmacological method presented reduced seminal volume, decreased PMN percentage and superior sperm motility in cooled samples. Moreover, higher PMAI and lower ROS levels were observed in semen collected by the pharmacological method. Therefore, pharmacologically induced ejaculation is an alternative to obtain semen with minimal contamination and with sperm of superior quality and longevity from stallions with seminal vesiculitis.     

Virulence factors of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broilers from the south of Brazil

Sixty-three Escherichia coli strains isolated from broilers with respiratory problems were examined for virulence factors, hemolysin synthesis ability, motility, hemagglutination capacity, operon pap presence, colicin production, and serum resistance. The capacity to hemagglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes was found in 53 (84.1%) of the samples, but only 30 (47.6%) agglutinated chicken erythrocytes. D-mannose-sensitive hemagglutination against guinea pig erythrocytes was found in 19 (30.2%) samples and against chicken erythrocytes, in 15 (23.8%) samples, whereas the D-mannose-resistant hemagglutination with guinea pig erythrocytes was found in 34 (54%) samples, and 13 of these (20.6%) showed this characteristic against chicken erythrocytes. Operon pap, P fimbria codifier, was detected in 26 samples in a total of 34 D-mannose-resistant samples. Colicin production was observed in 55 (87.3%) of the strains, and 41.8% presented V colicin production. Of the samples analyzed, 56 (88.9%) presented serum resistance, six (9.5%) were intermediate, and only one (1.6%) was sensitive to the action of the complement. The diversity of virulence profiles detected in the samples in this study explains in part the multifactorial characteristics of avian colibacillosis.     

鱼源嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考的耐药性分析

为阐明淡水鱼的主要致病菌嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考的耐药现状,本试验采用纸片扩散法和浓度稀释法分别定性、定量检测了2010年9月至2013年5月期间收集的26株鱼源嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考的耐药性,利用PCR法检测菌株携带氟苯尼考耐药基因的情况。结果显示,北京地区的鱼源嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考的耐药率为15.38%,氟苯尼考对其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）主要集中在2～4 μg/mL,5株菌对氟苯尼考的MIC超过8 μg/mL,1株分离菌具有氟苯尼考耐药基因floR。结合以往数据及其他省市的相关数据,结果表明鱼源嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考已呈较高的耐药率和耐药浓度,且位于质粒上的floR基因阳性菌株有传递该基因给其他种属鱼类致病菌的风险。因此,有必要科学规范氟苯尼考在水产养殖中的应用。     

甲鱼嗜水气单胞菌的分离与鉴定

从广西凭祥市浦寨边贸点截获偷运入境的东南亚某国甲鱼发现以甲部出血糜烂 ,继而脱落而呈火山口样病变。经实验室检验分离出一株细菌 ,生理生化符合气单胞菌特性 ,能发酵葡萄糖、产酸产气并水解七叶苷 ,定为嗜水气单胞菌。该菌株能在 2 4小时内对小白鼠致死 ,将该菌回归甲鱼可复制出类似于上述病变的疾病。该菌对氯霉素、痢特灵等多种抗生素敏感