烟草漂浮苗烟草花叶病毒带毒率检测

为了培育无病毒壮苗,研究了烟草漂浮苗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的带毒率检测方法.结果表明:三抗体夹心法(TAS-ELISA)和试纸条的检测灵敏度分别为TMV病叶汁液10-6和10-4;苗期常用农药和消毒剂的药害不会引起TAS-ELISA和试纸条检测假阳性;TAS-ELISA和试纸条可检出烟苗无症带毒,在发现烟苗现症时,同盘烟苗带毒率高于发病率;在允许存在低漏检率的情况下,采用2株或3株苗样本混合检测可扩大检测覆盖面;烟苗带毒是大田普通花叶病毒病的一个主要但非惟一初侵染源.     

Cylindrical inclusions in the cytoplasm of leaf cells infected with tobacco etch virus

Combined tracings from electron micrographs of serial sections of leaf tissue infected with tobacco etch virus show that one type of cytoplasmic inclusion, when sectioned in different planes, can produce configurations which have been interpreted as being two distinct types of inclusion bodies.     

Aphid transmission of tobacco mosaic virus

Aphids (Myzus persicae Sulz.) can acquire tobacco mosaic virus from tobacco leaves coated with a virus suspension and inoculate it into healthy leaves. Transmission depends on virus concentration, period of acquisition, previous feeding history of the aphids, and time between acquisition and transmission feedings. Aphids whose stylets are cut do not transmit the virus.     

烟草花叶病毒株系研究进展

烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus TMV)是烟草花叶病毒属病毒的典型成员,其寄主范围非常广泛,能侵染茄科、藜科、苋科、葫芦科、十字花科、番杏科、豆科和商陆科等共30科300多种植物[1]。在不同的寄主上,TMV有许多不同的株系,在我国主要有普通株、番茄株、车前株、豆类株、葫芦科株、兰花株和U2株等[2]。近十几年来,从不同寄主植物上不断分离鉴定到TMV的不同株系或分离物,在TMV不同株系的基因组序列分析和基因功能研究方面也取得了很大的进展,简述如下。1现已报道的TMV株系烟草花叶病毒株系的种类非常多,在同一寄主上可以有不同的…     

多糖对烟草花叶病毒（TMV）的抑制作用研究

【目的】筛选对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)有良好抑制作用的多糖。【方法】采用半叶法,测定了云芝、金针菇、姬松、杏鲍菇、双孢蘑菇、灵芝、猪苓菌、蜜环菌、黑木耳、虫草、白桦茸和平菇等12种真菌多糖在枯斑三生烟(Nitcotiana tabacumvar.Samsun NN)上对TMV的抑制作用,并测定了其对烟草(普通烟NC-89)生长的影响。【结果】云芝多糖、猪苓菌多糖、虫草多糖和蜜环菌多糖对TMV均有较好的抑制效果,其中1g/L云芝多糖对TMV具有良好的预防作用,提前48h多糖处理的预防效果高达92.12%。云芝多糖对烟草具有促生作用,1g/L云芝多糖处理烟苗的地上部鲜质量和最大叶面积增效最为显著,分别较对照提高30.98%和19.74%。田间小区试验表明,经云芝多糖处理后,NC-89烟株健壮整齐,烟叶浓绿光滑,茎围、最顶部叶片面积、产量及上中等烟比例均有所增加,其中1g/L云芝多糖处理烟株的最顶部叶面积、茎围和上中等烟比例分别较对照增加13.51%,9.88%和17.20%。【结论】云芝多糖能有效抑制TMV,并可促进烟苗生长,提高烟叶产量及品质。     

烟草黄瓜花叶病毒宿州分离物CP基因的序列分析及亚组鉴定

黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)是严重为害中国烟草生产的主要病毒之一,它是雀麦花叶病毒科黄瓜花叶病毒属(Cucumovirus)的典型成员,是世界上分布最广、造成经济损失最大的植物病毒之一[1],已成为病毒研究领域内的一种模式生物.CMV主要由蚜虫以非持久方式进行传播[2],侵染烟草后,常表现为花叶黄化、植株矮化及坏死等.     

侵染观赏百合的黄瓜花叶病毒血清学检测方法研究

采用摩擦接种和PEG沉淀法对侵染观赏百合的黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)进行了提纯,提纯病毒具有典型的核蛋白吸收峰曲线,D260 nm/D280 nm=1.236;利用提纯的CMV免疫大白兔制备抗血清,经微量沉淀法测定,其效价为1∶1024;用硫酸铵沉淀法提纯IgG,制备了辣根过氧化物酶标抗体,利用自制抗血清对DAS-ELISA、间接-ELISA和DIBA-ELISA检测侵染观赏百合的CMV灵敏度和检测范围进行了比较试验,结果表明DAS-ELISA检测的灵敏度较高,是间接-ELISA和DIBA-ELISA灵敏度的4倍;间接-ELISA和DIBA-ELISA的检测范围比DSA-ELISA宽.对21个观赏百合样品的CMV检测结果表明,DIBA-ELISA的检出率为66.67%,间接-ELISA的检出率为38.09%,二者的检出率分别比DAS-ELISA的检出率(23.81%)提高了42.86%和14.28%.     

烤烟新品系对烟草普通花叶病毒病的抗性鉴定研究

2003年至2005年对15个烤烟品系的烟草普通花叶病毒病TMV抗性进行鉴定,结果表明:抗病品系占33.33%,分别为8902-42、云烟201、云烟202、YH05、云烟203;中抗品系占6.67%,只有9717;中感品系较多,占46.67%,分别为6614、8504、9601、CF209、CF964、CF986和云烟98;感病品系占13.33%,有RGH12和云烟97。对15个品系的病指进行方差分析,在1%水平上,8902-42、云烟201、云烟202、YH05、云烟203与抗病对照Coker176无显著差异,9601、CF209、CF986、RGH12、CF964与感病对照K326无显著差异;在5%水平上,云烟97与感病对照K326无显著差异。研究筛选出8902-42、云烟201、云烟202、YH05和云烟203 5个高抗品系,为烤烟TMV抗病育种提供了很好的材料。     

Equilibrium sedimentation of uniform rods of tobacco mosaic virus

Equilibrium was achieved in centrifugal fields with tobacco mosaic virus by the Beams magnetically suspended ultracentrifuge. An attempt was made to account for the earth's gravitational component by using tilted cells in the rotor. The determinations of particle weight on highly uniform rods of tobacco mosaic virus in the apparent absence of nonideal behavior gave a value of (41.6 +/- 0.1) 10(6).     

Interaction of attenuated and virulent tobacco mosaic virus strains

An interfering effect between an attenuated tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) strain (isolated from a tissue culture) and virulent (typical) strain of this virus distinctly manifests itself starting from an interval of 3 days between infection by these strains and reaches a maximum on the fifth day. The protective effect weakens with increasing interval between inoculation with the attenuated and virulent strains.     

不同品种(系)烟草普通花叶病(TMV)的抗病性鉴定

【目的】筛选地方性优质抗烟草普通花叶病(TMV)烟草种质,为湘中北烤烟抗TMV育种提供优良的种质资源。【方法】采用苗期温室病圃人工接种诱发方法结合大田病圃鉴定,以Coker176为抗病对照、革新3号为中抗对照、G140为感病对照,对9625、金星6007、小黄金0019、401-2、小黄金1025、NGLAUCA、延烟2号等18个烤烟品种(系)进行TMV抗病性鉴定。【结果】在供试品种(系)中,筛选出抗病品种(系)2个,分别为T61和9625,占供试品种(系)总数的11.1%;中抗品种5个,分别为金星6007、03-4-3、胎里黄1061、VESTA33和云烟98,占27.8%;感病品种(系)11个,分别为小黄金0019、401-2、311、小黄金1025、NGLAUCA、延烟2号、大白筋0522、沪金3号、大叶永烟、长脖黄和NC95,占61.1%。【结论】筛选出T61和9625两个抗TMV烤烟品种,可作为湘中北地区抗TMV育种的重要种质资源;同时可在湘中北地区进行T61和9625的示范性推广种植。     

水杨酸对感染TMV烟草叶片PAL活性的影响

用水杨酸(SA)和普通烟草花叶病毒(TMV)诱导且接种抗病烟草品种CV85和感病烟草品种G80,研究其对烟草叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的影响。结果表明,抗、感病烟草品种对照接种处理的PAL活性均较对照增加;抗病烟草品种CV85诱导和诱导接种处理的PAL活性也较对照增加,且较对照接种增加得更为明显,8d时可达活性高峰;而感病烟草品种G80诱导接种后,其PAL活性先增加后降低,而对照接种后PAL活性升高,17d时达到活性高峰;诱导接种并没有增加感病烟草品种的PAL活性,而增加了抗病烟草品种的PAL活性。可见,外源应用SA控制烟草花叶病毒病在抗病品种上表现更好。     

烤烟普通花叶病毒病田间自然传播能力研究

通过田间试验,研究了8类不同有效成分农药对烟草病毒病的防治效果.结果表明:8类参试药剂中除18%抑毒星和0.5%抗毒丰在烤烟生长前期对病毒病的预防有微弱效果外,其他参试药剂对烟草病毒病均未表现出预防效果,烤烟在有病原存在的情况下,施药预防与不施药预防几乎没有区别.     

Electric field x-ray scattering measurements on tobacco mosaic virus

The feasibility of electric field x-ray solution scattering with biological macromolecules was investigated. Electric field pulses (1.25 to 5.5 kilovolts per centimeter) were used to orient tobacco mosaic virus in solution (4.5 milligrams per milliliter). The x-ray scattering is characteristic of isolated oriented particles. The molecular orientation and its field-free decay were monitored with a time resolution of 2 milliseconds by means of synchrotron radiation and a multiwire proportional area detector. The method should also be applicable to synthetic polymers and inorganic colloids.     

The 30-kilodalton gene product of tobacco mosaic virus potentiates virus movement

The proposed role of the 30-kilodalton(kD) protein of tobacco mosaic virus is to facilitate cell-to-cell spread of the virus-during infection. To directly define the function of the protein, a chimeric gene containing a cloned complementary DNA of the 30-kD protein gene was introduced into tobacco cells via a Ti plasmid-mediated transformation system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transgenic plants regenerated from transformed tobacco cells expressed the 30-kD protein messenger RNA and accumulated 30-kD protein. Seedlings expressing the 30-kD protein gene complemented the Lsl mutant of TMV, a mutant that is temperature-sensitive in cell-to-cell movement. In addition, enhanced movement of the Lsl virus at the permissive temperature was detected in seedlings that express the 30-kD protein gene. These results conclusively demonstrate that the 30-kD protein of tobacco mosaic virus potentiates the movement of the virus from cell to cell.