Ribosome biogenesis: nonrandom addition of structural proteins to 50S subunits

Assemblage of structural proteins into 50S subunits was examined in Escherichia coli recovering fromt chloramphenicol treatment. Cells previously labeled with H3-leucine for three generations were incuibated for 30 minutes with chloramnlphenicol. Proteins synthesized during the initial 5 minuites of recovery from chlorarmphenicol treatmnent were labeled with C(14)-leucine. Marked variation in the ratios of C(14)- to H(3)-leucine in ribosomal protein occurred in cells that had been treated with chloramphenicol; luntreated cells displayed little variation. Thle resuilts sliggest that ribosomal proteins are assenmbled into 50S subunits in a nonrandom manner.     

Metabolic dependence of fast axoplasmic transport in nerve

Fast axoplasmic transport, shown in cat sciatic nerves by a crest of labeled activity after injection of the L7 ganglion with [(3)H]-leucine or [ (3)H]-lysine, was stopped within 15 minutes after death of the animals by bleeding. If the sciatic nerves were removed from the animals and placed in a chamber supplied with oxygen at 38 degrees centigrade, fast transport was sustained. Transport was rapidly blocked in similar in vitro preparations when the nerves were kept in a nitrogen environment. Fast axoplasmic transport is closely dependent upon oxibdative metabolism.     

Memory-blocking agents: effects on olfactory discrimination in homing salmon

Homing salmon were injected intracranially with puromycin, actinomycin D, or cycloheximide. From 4 to 7 hours after such treatment these agents markedly inhibited olfactory bulbar discrimination between home water and other natural waters, including spawning sites for other groups of salmon. At longer intervals after treatment there was a partial restoration of olfactory memory-based discrimination. The dosages of the inhibitors used could be shown to have depressed incorporation of H(3)-leucine into protein by 78 percent or of H(3)-uridine into RNA by 41 percent in the salmon brains 4 hours after intracranial injection. These findings suggest that acute blockage of RNA synthesis or protein synthesis can interfere with long-term olfactory memory in anadromous salmon, at least as this function can be analyzed by electrophysiological methods. This implies that long-term olfactory memory depends upon continued metabolism of RNA and continued protein synthesis.     

鼻咽癌克隆株及其转移灶组织裸鼠移植瘤自发性转移的研究

将鼻咽癌克隆细胞株ＣＮＥ－２Ｚ－Ｈ５／Ｆ１移植入裸鼠痛部皮下，观察其自发性转移，进而用克隆株Ｈ５移植瘤的淋巴结及肺转移灶组织，直接接种裸鼠背部皮下，研究其转移表型的改变。结果显示：克隆株Ｈ５和Ｆ１的转移率不同；Ｈ５淋巴结转移灶及肺转移灶移植瘤，和其原代移植瘤比，其转移能力和转移途径有明显的差异。     

甘蓝根寄生线虫新种－芸苔潜根线虫

采自甘蓝根寄生线虫新种──芸苔潜根线虫（ＨｉｒｓｃｈｍａｎｎｉｅｌｌａｂｒａｓｓｉｃａｅＤｕａｎｅｔＬｉｕｎ．ｓｐ．），其鉴定特征为：（１）唇区连续，前端平；（２）口针基球圆形，前端不向后倾斜；（３）半月体和排泄孔相距３－４条体环；（４）阴道弯曲，内部具阴门唇；（５）授精囊球形；（６）雌虫尾端钝圆，尾尖突１－２个，位于尾的中部或近中部；（７）雄虫尾端截形，背面长于腹面。隐稻潜根线虫Ｈ．ａｎｃｈｏｒｙｚａｅ是本种线虫的近缘种，但前者唇拐角呈角状尖锐，口针基球前端向后稍倾斜，授精囊长形袋状，阴道直形，侧尾腺孔和尾端之间具２４－２７条体环，雌雄尾端均为尖形，而本种线虫后拐角钝圆，口针基球前端不向后倾斜，授精囊为圆形，阴道弯曲，侧尾腺孔和尾端之间具１４－１６条体环，雄虫尾端为截形。     

磷脂酰肌醇3-磷酸对UV-B诱导蚕豆保卫细胞中过氧化氢产生和气孔关闭的影响

【目的】研究磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）催化产物磷脂酰肌醇3-磷酸（PI3P）对紫外线B（UV-B）诱导保卫细胞中过氧化氢（H2O2）产生和气孔关闭的影响,为进一步阐明植物细胞转导UV-B辐射信号的机制提供依据。【方法】以蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）表皮条为材料,采用PI3K的抑制剂沃曼青霉素（WM）和LY294002（LY）来抑制PI3P的形成,采用二苯基碘（DPI）和水杨基氧肟酸（SHAM）分别抑制H2O2形成的NADPH氧化酶途径和细胞壁过氧化物酶途径,通过气孔开度分析和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术,确定PI3P在0.8 W•m-2 UV-B辐射诱导蚕豆保卫细胞H2O2产生和气孔关闭中的作用。【结果】WM和LY能显著抑制UV-B诱导的保卫细胞H2O2产生和气孔关闭;外源H2O2处理能显著逆转WM和LY对UV-B诱导气孔关闭的抑制效应,但WM和LY不能抑制外源H2O2诱导的气孔关闭;UV-B诱导的保卫细胞H2O2产生和气孔关闭能被活性氧清除剂和SHAM显著抑制,但不能被DPI抑制。【结论】PI3P通过诱导蚕豆保卫细胞中产生于过氧化物酶途径的H2O2形成来介导UV-B辐射诱导的气孔关闭。     

SSEA-1、SSEA-3、Oct-4及hTERT在人胚胎生殖细胞中的表达

分离5~9周人胚胎生殖腺嵴和背侧肠系膜,采用组织块法进行体外培养,免疫细胞化学染色法检测SSEA-1、SSEA-3、Oct-4及hTERT在人胚胎生殖细胞中的表达,以证实利用组织块体外培养所获得的细胞为未分化的人胚胎生殖细胞。结果表明:组织块体外培养得到的细胞或细胞集落均阳性表达SSEA-1、SSEA-3、Oct-4及hTERT,说明组织块体外培养获得的细胞为未分化的人胚胎生殖细胞。     

Role of histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in X inactivation

The Polycomb group (PcG) protein Eed is implicated in regulation of imprinted X-chromosome inactivation in extraembryonic cells but not of random X inactivation in embryonic cells. The Drosophila homolog of the Eed-Ezh2 PcG protein complex achieves gene silencing through methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3-K27), which suggests a role for H3-K27 methylation in imprinted X inactivation. Here we demonstrate that transient recruitment of the Eed-Ezh2 complex to the inactive X chromosome (Xi) occurs during initiation of X inactivation in both extraembryonic and embryonic cells and is accompanied by H3-K27 methylation. Recruitment of the complex and methylation on the Xi depend on Xist RNA but are independent of its silencing function. Together, our results suggest a role for Eed-Ezh2-mediated H3-K27 methylation during initiation of both imprinted and random X inactivation and demonstrate that H3-K27 methylation is not sufficient for silencing of the Xi.     

FSH处理对猪颗粒细胞中类固醇合成酶基因的表达及其调控区组蛋白H3修饰的影响

【目的】研究FSH处理对猪卵巢颗粒细胞类固醇合成酶、垂体激素受体、凋亡相关等基因表达的影响及此过程中组蛋白H3修饰的变化情况。【方法】首先,采集猪卵巢组织并用注射器抽取方法收集卵泡颗粒细胞,用含血清体系体外培养颗粒细胞至贴壁,血清饥饿16h后用终浓度5IU·mL~(-1)的FSH处理24h,并收集细胞。其次,提取细胞m RNA,采用qRT-PCR方法检测类固醇合成酶(STAR、CYP11A1、HSD3B和CYP19A1)、垂体激素受体(FSHR和LHR)、凋亡相关基因(XIAP和Fas L)m RNA的表达变化,最后,相同处理后固定细胞,采用染色质免疫沉淀结合q PCR(Ch IP-q PCR)方法检测类固醇合成酶基因STAR、CYP19A1和HSD3B上游转录调控区组蛋白H3修饰(H3K4me2、H3K4me3、H3K9ac和H3K14ac)状况。【结果】5IU·mL~(-1)的FSH处理引起类固醇合成酶基因STAR、CYP19A1和HSD3B分别为2倍(P0.01)、2.8倍(P0.01)和3.6倍(P0.05)的显著上调,而CYP11A1表达水平没有显著变化;FSH处理对垂体激素受体FSHR、LHR和凋亡相关基因XIAP、Fas L影响不显著。在上调的三个类固醇合成酶基因中,HSD3B调控区组蛋白H3修饰变化最为显著,H3K4me2、H3K4me3、H3K9ac和H3K14ac结合分别有14.7倍(P0.01)、13.6倍(P0.01)、19.7(P0.01)倍和2.5倍(P0.05)的显著上调;STAR基因调控区的H3K9ac在处理后有11.1倍的显著下降(P0.05);CYP19A基因调控区的H3K4me3和H3K9ac分别有0.5倍的上调(P0.01)和10.4倍(P0.01)的下降,其余组蛋白修饰在处理前后没有显著变化。【结论】FSH处理24h对颗粒细胞类固醇合成酶基因转录有显著上调作用,对其转录过程有H3组蛋白修饰参与,组蛋白修饰模式具有基因特异性。垂体激素受体和凋亡相关基因的应答可能需要FSH和其他因素的联合作用。     

Ultraviolet irradiation transforms C3H10T1/2 cells to a unique, suppressible phenotype

Transformation of C3H10T1/2 cells by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation followed by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) has been used as a model of two-stage carcinogenesis. However, cells cloned from UV-TPA-induced foci (UV-TDTx cells) had a unique phenotype. Cloned UV-TDTx cells appeared transformed in pure culture but were unable to form foci when cocultured with C3H10T1/2 cells. However, in the presence of TPA, UV-TDTx cells form foci in mixed culture with C3H10T1/2 cells. This phenotype was the only one observed for UV-TPA transformants. These data suggest that communal suppression of cell division is a discrete phenomenon that must be overcome as one step in the multistage process of transformation, and this protocol permits the routine isolation of transformed cells responsive to density-dependent growth suppression.     

中国兰科植物1新种——宁波石豆兰

描述了发现于浙江省奉化市的兰科Orchidaceae石豆兰属Bulbophyllum植物1新种——宁波石豆兰B. ningboense。该种与城口卷瓣兰B. chrondriophorum相近, 区别在于:该种假鳞茎在根状茎上紧靠或分离着生; 叶较短, 长仅为12.0~15.0 mm; 花葶远长于叶片, 花葶中部以下有1个关节, 关节上生有1枚舟状膜质鞘; 2枚侧萼片较短, 长为8.0~9.0 mm, 中萼片卵状披针形, 具3脉, 中萼片与花瓣边缘均无毛; 花瓣长约为2.0 mm。     

Autoradiographic investigations of incorporation of H3-thymidine into cells of the rat and mouse

The application of H(3)-thymidine results in labeling of those nuclei of cells in which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is synthesized during the interval between application and the sacrifice of tne animal (1-3). This paper reports autoradiographic investigation with H(3)-thymidine of rats and mice. This method permits a more exact statement of the number of dividing cells than does the microscopic estimate of mitosis. The latter method is practically impossible in tissues with small fusiform cells. Moreover, it is possible to obtain information about the relative time of DNA synthesis in different cells.     

Homograft tolerance in mice: use of urethan and sublethal irradiation

Adult mice [CBA/J (H-2(k))], which received either a single sublethal dose of x-radiation (500 rad) or urethan plus 500 rad, were given intravenous injections of C3H/HeJ (H-2(k)) spleen or bone marrow cells (18 to 42 x 10(6) cells per mouse) or both, for 3 days. C3H/HeJ tail-skin homografts were retained (over 130 days) by these mice, whereas BALB/cJ (H-2(d)) homografts all were rejected within 33 days. Similarly irradiated or urethan-treated controls (or controls treated with a combination of both), which did not receive C3H cells, rejected both homografts. Specific homograft tolerance is induced in adult mice by this procedure.     

雏鸡中脑视顶盖中央灰质层细胞构筑研究

为了进一步阐明鸟类视觉通路的结构特征,本试验用尼氏体染色法、Golgi-CoxⅡ法及羰花青荧光染料DiI逆行神经标记3种方法对雏鸡视顶盖的中央灰质层(Stratum griseum centrale,SGC)细胞形态特征进行了观察和统计分析。结果表明:视顶盖SGC层背侧的厚度小于腹侧和外侧。SGC层细胞以大、中型细胞为主,多具有三角形、多边形及纺锤形的胞体。在高尔基镀银法(Golgi-CoxⅡ)染色和DiI逆行神经标记法标记出的细胞中,其树突清晰可见。三角形及纺锤形的细胞多从胞体发出2~3支主树突,树突野较大;多边形和少数三角形的细胞由胞体发出多支树突,树突野较小。     

Rtt109 acetylates histone H3 lysine 56 and functions in DNA replication

Acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 (H3-K56) occurs in S phase, and cells lacking H3-K56 acetylation are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. However, the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that catalyzes global H3-K56 acetylation has not been found. Here we show that regulation of Ty1 transposition gene product 109 (Rtt109) is an H3-K56 HAT. Cells lacking Rtt109 or expressing rtt109 mutants with alterations at a conserved aspartate residue lose H3-K56 acetylation and exhibit increased sensitivity toward genotoxic agents, as well as elevated levels of spontaneous chromosome breaks. Thus, Rtt109, which shares no sequence homology with any other known HATs, is a unique HAT that acetylates H3-K56.     

芝麻NBS - LRR类抗病基因同源序列的分离与分析

分离和分析芝麻抗、感茎点枯病材料的抗病基因同源序列(resistance gene analogs,RGAs),可以为芝麻抗茎点枯病相关基因的克隆奠定基础.根据已知植物抗病基因的NBS - LRR类保守结构域,合成了1对简并引物和2对特异引物,对6个抗茎点枯病芝麻品种中的抗病基因进行扩增,结果得到11条抗病基因同源序列...     

Chimeric mice with donor-type liver cells

C(3)H mice, made chimeric by lethal x-irradiation followed by injection of (C(3)H x T(6))F(1) spleen cells, were later stimulated by CCl(4) to produce a vigorous burst of hepatic parenchymal cell mitoses. Cytogenetic studies of the regenerating livers of 11 chimeras identified 89 percent of the cells as donor type by the presence of the distinctive T(6) marker.     

DNA synthesis in cartilage cells is stimulated by oscillating electric fields

External oscillating electric fields (1166 volts per centimeter, 5 hertz) enhanced the incorporation of [3H] thymidine into the DNA of chondrocytes isolated from the proliferative layer of embryonic (16 days) chick epiphysis. Verapamil or tetrodotoxin at 10(-6)M concentrations completely blocked the electric field effect. Tetracaine reduced the incorporation of [3H] thymidine in both control and electrically stimulated cells. The findings support the hypothesis that Na and Ca2 fluxes generated by the electrical perturbation trigger DNA synthesis in these cells.     

Regulation of neurotrophin-3 expression by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions: the role of Wnt factors

Neurotrophins regulate survival, axonal growth, and target innervation of sensory and other neurons. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is expressed specifically in cells adjacent to extending axons of dorsal root ganglia neurons, and its absence results in loss of most of these neurons before their axons reach their targets. However, axons are not required for NT-3 expression in limbs; instead, local signals from ectoderm induce NT-3 expression in adjacent mesenchyme. Wnt factors expressed in limb ectoderm induce NT-3 in the underlying mesenchyme. Thus, epithelial-mesenchymal interactions mediated by Wnt factors control NT-3 expression and may regulate axonal growth and guidance.     

Corresponding spatial gradients of TOP molecules in the developing retina and optic tectum

The topographic map of cell position in the avian retina is inverted in its projection to the optic tectum. Dorsal retinal ganglion cell axons project to ventral tectum, and ventral retinal ganglion cells project to dorsal tectum. Topographic gradients of toponymic (TOP) cell surface molecules along the dorsoventral axes of retina and tectum also are inverted. TOP molecules are most abundant in dorsal retina and ventral tectum and least abundant in ventral retina and dorsal tectum during the period of initial retinal-tectal interaction. Thus, TOP molecules may be involved in orienting the retinotectal map.