红富士苹果施肥技术分析

就近年我国红富士苹果施肥的现状及存在的问题展开论述,并提出优化施肥方案,以供参考。     

甘肃天水苹果施肥现状调查

对天水苹果园施肥现状进行了调查和分析。结果表明,天水苹果园施用肥料主要有有机肥、化肥和生物菌肥3大类。其中施有机肥的果园占调查果园的44.1%,化肥中复合肥为100.0%、尿素为62.7%。基肥中,平均每667 m~2施用N肥量为38.35 kg,P_2O_5为19.10 kg,K_2O为17.72 kg;追肥中,平均每667 m~2施用N肥为29.93kg,P_2O_5为20.67 kg,K_2O为9.78 kg。以平均施用量为标准对调查果园施肥量进行了"很低、偏低、合理、偏高、很高"5级分类,基肥中处于合理区间的果园N为42.4%,P_2O_5为30.5%,K_2O为23.7%,总体表现为N合理偏低、P_2O_5合理偏高、K_2O偏高;追肥中处于合理区间的果园N为20.3%,P_2O_5为35.6%,K_2O为23.7%,总体表现为N不平衡、P_2O_5和K_2O偏高。因此,增施有机肥,合理施氮肥,降低磷、钾肥是今后天水苹果园施肥的重点。     

苹果深坑加盖施肥技术试验

对红富士苹果进行了3a（年）深坑加盖施肥试验。结果表明，根系明显下移，新梢加长，树体转壮，667m^2（亩）产量提高了201kg，果皮光亮度提高，果品价格增加了0．1元／kg，667m^2（亩）效益增加了852．1元。     

浅析施肥对红富士苹果产量及品质的影响

科学施肥是提高红富士苹果产量和品质的重要技术措施。目前在昭阳区部分果园,果农偏施氮肥习惯比较突出,而忽视磷、钾肥、有机肥和微肥的施用,导致部分果园土壤贫瘠、树势衰弱、产量及品质下降。为此,本文阐述了无机肥、有机肥与苹果产量和品质的关系,以及配方施肥对苹果产量和品质的影响。     

无公害苹果平衡施肥技术

苹果是我省种植面积最大的果树,平衡施肥是确保无公害苹果优质、高产的关键技术。对无公害苹果在生产及实践中存在的施肥误区,提出合理化建议。     

富士苹果配方施肥试验

宁夏彭阳县地处南部山区,"七五"八五"期间大力发展优良苹果新品种富士.由于富士苹果喜肥喜水,当地果农常常单纯施入氮肥或者不施肥.为了摸清不同肥料配比对富士苹果生长发育的影响,正确指导果农合理施肥,我们于1997年～1999年在彭阳县进行了配方施肥试验,现将试验结果总结如下.     

分析我国咸阳地区苹果施肥技术

咸阳地区是我国西北地区著名的苹果种植区域,近年来苹果生产呈现良好发展势头,产量稳步增加,面积日益增大,尤其礼泉、永寿、旬邑、彬县、长武、淳化等县区苹果种植的效益显著。但是在施肥上仍有一定的缺陷与不足,为了生产优质、高产苹果,笔者特提出以下几点施肥建议与措施,为咸阳市今后的苹果生产提供一定的借鉴。     

苹果的营养生理与施肥特点

苹果合理施肥是增产的重要措施,而营养生理又是指导施肥的基本理论和依据。果树生育必需的元素有碳、氢、氧、氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、铁、铜、锰、锌、硼等多种,这里仅以肥料三要素为主加以概述。一、春季树体生长发育所需的营养物质主要来源于上年贮备春天苹果树在短期内急速进行展叶、开     

无公害苹果生产的施肥技术

结合我国苹果生产发展现状,借鉴国外成功经验,总结了无公害苹果生产规范化施肥制度。1 施肥原则 以有机肥为主,化肥为辅,提倡以苹果营养诊断(叶片分析、土壤分析和果实分析等)结果为指导进行施肥,保持或增加土壤肥力及土壤微生物活性。所施用的肥料不应对果园环境和果实品质产生不良影响。2 可以使用的肥料 1)农家肥。包括堆肥、沤肥、厩肥、沼气肥、绿     

Potassium fertilization of rainfed olive orchards

Experiments under both greenhouse and field conditions were performed to study the influence of the type of salt applied (KCl or K₂SO₄) and to compare the effectiveness of their method of application (soil versus foliar) on leaf K concentration and yield in olive trees established under rainfed conditions. In the experiment performed in the greenhouse, mist-rooted 3-month-old ‘Picual’ olive plants growing in 2-l pots containing perlite were irrigated with a complete nutrient solution containing either 0.05 or 2.5 mM KCl during 128 days after transplanting (DAT). A group of plants received one K soil application at a dose equivalent to 1 kg of K per tree at 63 DAT. Another group received four foliar applications at 63, 78, 93 and 108 DAT with a K concentration of 10.5 g/l. The experiment under field conditions was developed with 80-year-old ‘Hojiblanca’ olive trees. Soil application was performed in March every year at a rate of 1 kg K/tree by injecting K fertilizer around the trees. Foliar sprays were carried out in April, March, June and July every year with the same K concentration used for the greenhouse experiment. The results showed that, under both field and greenhouse conditions, either KCl or K₂SO₄ increased K concentration in leaves. Also, both K salts had a positive effect in increasing K content in fruits under field conditions, although the intensity of the increase varied among years. Tree water stress and low K status seemed to influence K uptake. The method of K application, soil or foliar, did not affect the effectiveness of K fertilization.     

低效密植苹果园改造技术

由于前几年对苹果树密植的片面理解和盲目追求产量，随着果园树龄的增大，许多密植园树冠交叉郁闭，光照条件恶化，导致果实品质降低，高产低效。为此，我们在1999～2003年进行了苹果高产低效密植园的改造试验，取得了良好的效果。     

苹果园套姜增效的技术要点

我站于1995～2000年在诸城市朱解镇南朱解村1～6年生短枝红富士苹果园中进行了大姜套作试验,大姜长势良好、病虫害轻、产量高,每蔸姜平均重0.6kg,每666.7m2产780～2520kg.苹果树生长健壮,4年生树每666.7m2产1500kg,果品质量好.套作大姜的具体技术要点如下.     

劣质低产苹果园的改造

为迅速提高苹果的产量和质量,笔者从2000年开始,进行低产苹果园改造,实现了一年改接,二年结果,三年丰产。1被改造苹果园的基本情况沙沃乡李沙沃村、城关镇五七林场、东明集镇卢寨村、夏行村和段磨营村果园,共33·3hm2。当地年平均气温13·6℃,有效积温4505℃,年降水624·1mm,日     

我国苹果产业节本增效关键技术Ⅳ:苹果高效平衡施肥技术

科学合理施肥有利于提高苹果产量和品质,滥施肥料则不仅导致肥料利用率低、果实品质下降,还带来土壤质量下降、水体富营养化和温室气体排放等生态环境问题。为实现国家化肥零增长和苹果产业节肥提质增效的目标,阐述了苹果高效平衡施肥的原则,从肥料类型、肥料用量、施肥方法和施肥时期等方面提出了苹果高效平衡施肥技术。     

苹果园管道喷水防冻技术试验

在苹果园配备喷水设施,于冻害晚上提前喷水,花器冻害减少31.4%,皲皮减少27.6%,666.7 m^2产量增加502kg,收入增加1 255元.     

乔化密植苹果园的改造技术

采用主干部位嫁接M9矮化砧接穗的方法改造乔砧密植苹果园。改接3年后,树体明显矮化,效果与使用矮化中间砧相似。果品产量提高,品质明显改善。     

苹果郁闭密植园的调节与改造

目前,苹果密植园多数已严重郁闭,造成管理困难,光照条件恶化,病虫害严重,果品产量、质量下降。造成郁闭的主要原因是栽植密度过大,采用大冠树形及未采取控冠措施。改造的最佳途径是间伐或间移树株,使两行之间至少保持0．8～1m的间距。不行间伐或移植,势必进行疏枝、缩冠。从幼树开始,密植苹果园就应采取控制旺盛生长的措施,防止过早郁闭。     

Pre-bloom pesticide treatments for phytophagous mite control in apple orchards

Summary

Several acaricides were evaluated for their effect on the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi Koch, and the apple rust mite, Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) in an experimental apple orchard. Fenbutatin oxide and cyhexatin were the most effective among the registered products. BAY SLJ 0312, which is a benzenamine compound, and clofentezine were the best among the new compounds. Early season activity of these two compounds against phytophagous mites makes them ideal candidates for development as ecologically selective acaricides for use in apple orchards.