大丹犬

起源原产地在德国。由马士迪夫犬与爱尔兰灰猩杂交而形成。     

Amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia in a Great Dane

A 3 yr old, 70 kg (154 lbs) female spayed Great Dane developed gingival hyperplasia after treatment of systemic hypertension with amlodipine 7.5 mg q 12 hr for 16 mo. Physical examination was unremarkable except for systemic hypertension and severe gingival hyperplasia. Amlodipine was replaced with hydralazine (0.72 mg/kg [0.32 mg/lb]). Nine months later, gingival hyperplasia was nearly resolved and hypertension was well controlled. Calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine are a rare cause of gingival hyperplasia in the canine patient. Recognition of this side effect is important because a full recovery can be achieved when the offending agent is removed.     

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy in a Great Dane puppy

An intact male, Great Dane puppy was evaluated for weakness, lethargy, reluctance to move, and inability to stand. Hypertrophic osteodystrophy was diagnosed based on clinical and radiographic findings. Clinical signs, radiographic lesions, gross pathology, histopathology, etiology, and treatment of the disease are discussed.     

Inherited myopathy in a young Great Dane

A 3-year-old, male Great Dane was evaluated for an 18-month history of progressive weakness. Histologic evaluation of muscle biopsies revealed distinct cytoarchitectural changes that were indistinguishable from the central "core-like" structures previously described as central core myopathy in this breed. Clinical features of this inherited myopathy are described.     

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in a Great Dane

Autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases in dogs were all classified as bullous pemphigoid until 1998. Since then, refinements in reagents and immunological techniques have allowed diseases which are histologically similar but which have a different molecular pathogenesis to be described. This report describes the first case of one such disease, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, to be documented in the UK. The dog presented with a severe blistering and ulcerative disease affecting the oral cavity, pinnae and distal limbs. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and direct and indirect immunofluorescent demonstration of immunoglobulin G reactivity to basement membrane antigens. Treatment with glucocorticoids, azathioprine, colchicine and an intravenous infusion of immunoglobulins resulted in complete resolution. The drugs were discontinued 12 months after the start of treatment and the dog remained in remission.     

Marked hyperphosphatasemia associated with an acute leukemia in a Great Dane

This is the report of a 5‐year‐old male neutered Great Dane with an extreme leukocytosis (544.9 × 10⁹ cells/L; RI 5.2–13.9 × 10⁹ cells/L) characterized by highly atypical round cells. Cellular morphologic features such as cytoplasmic membrane blebs, a high nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio, and nuclear indentations and irregularities and large nucleoli, as well as immunocytochemistry for CD3 and CD79, myeloperoxidase cytochemistry, and clonality testing were not conclusive for myeloid or lymphoid origin. Marked alkaline hyperphosphatasemia was present at the first visit (2783.0 U/L; RI 6–80.0 U/L), followed by a 5‐fold increase (14,000 U/L) a week later, identified as being mostly contributed by the bone‐ALP isoform (11,062 U/L; RI 0–30 U/L). In addition, the atypical leukocytes were strongly positive for cytoplasmic ALP activity. In vitro lysis of a heparin blood sample resulted in a 1.7‐fold increase of ALP activity, supporting the origin of the hyperphosphatasemia at least in part from the leukemic cell population. To the authors’ knowledge, this is a unique case of alkaline hyperphosphatasemia, due at least to a leukemic cell population producing a bone‐ALP isoform, regardless of the exact nature of the leukemia.     

MRI features of cervical articular process degenerative joint disease in Great Dane dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy

Cervical spondylomyelopathy or Wobbler syndrome commonly affects the cervical vertebral column of Great Dane dogs. Degenerative changes affecting the articular process joints are a frequent finding in these patients; however, the correlation between these changes and other features of cervical spondylomyelopathy are uncertain. We described and graded the degenerative changes evident in the cervical articular process joints from 13 Great Danes dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy using MR imaging, and evaluated the relationship between individual features of cervical articular process joint degeneration and the presence of spinal cord compression, vertebral foraminal stenosis, intramedullary spinal cord changes, and intervertebral disc degenerative changes. Degenerative changes affecting the articular process joints were common, with only 13 of 94 (14%) having no degenerative changes. The most severe changes were evident between C4-C5 and C7-T1 intervertebral spaces. Reduction or loss of the hyperintense synovial fluid signal on T2-weighted MR images was the most frequent feature associated with articular process joint degenerative changes. Degenerative changes of the articular process joints affecting the synovial fluid or articular surface, or causing lateral hypertrophic tissue, were positively correlated with lateral spinal cord compression and vertebral foraminal stenosis. Dorsal hypertrophic tissue was positively correlated with dorsal spinal cord compression. Disc-associated spinal cord compression was recognized less frequently.     

Persistent Right Aortic Arch in Two Great Dane Litter Mates

Abstract— -Two cases of oesophageal dilatation occurring in a litter of Great Dane puppies are described. These dilatations were due to a congenital anomaly of the aortic arches causing constriction of the oesophagus. A comparison is made with a previous case.
Résumé— –L'auteur rapporte deux cas de dilatation oesophagienne survenus dans une portée de chiots Dogues allemands. Ces dilatations étaient dues à une anomalie congénitale de la crosse de l'aorte provoquant une constriction de l'oesophage. L'auteur les compare à un cas antérieur.
Zusammenfassung— Zwei Fälle einer Erweiterung der Speiseröhre bei einem Wurf junger Hunde (grosse Doggen) werden beschrieben. Diese Erweiterungen wurden nötig aufgrund einer angeborenen Anomalie der Aortenbögen, die eine Verengung der Speiseröhre verursachten. Ein Vergleich mit einem früheren Fall wird angestellt.     

Cervical discospondylitis in 2 Great Dane puppies following routine surgery

Two Great Dane puppies developed cervical discospondylitis following routine surgery for sterilization. One animal was affected at C4–C5 and the other at C6–C7 intervertebral discs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained in pure culture from ultrasound-guided disc aspiration in 1 case. Both animals were successfully treated with long-term antibiotics.     

Adult onset acquired myasthenia gravis in three Great Dane littermates

Acquired canine myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies are directed against muscle postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Three adult great dane littermates were evaluated over a four month time period for an acute onset of generalised neuromuscular signs. All three dogs had elevated serum acetylcholine receptor antibody titres, which were considered diagnostic for acquired myasthenia gravis. Identification of three littermates with acquired myasthenia gravis in a breed with a low relative risk of developing the disease suggests a familial and possibly a genetic predisposition to myasthenia gravis in this family of dogs.