多效唑对麦茬旱稻农艺性状影响及生理作用的研究

以早稻277为材料．在l叶l心期进行了不同浓度多效唑喷施试验。麦茬早稻苗期喷洒多效唑对植株高度有明显的降低作用．可提高秧苗素质和抗倒力。同对照相比．叶面喷施多效唑可使麦茬早稻产量增加10％左右。增产的生理作用主要表现在光合速率提高，气孔导度和蒸腾速率提高。叶面喷施多效唑可增加麦茬早稻的穗粒数。     

不同生长调节剂对水稻上农粳2号产量相关性状的影响

通过对水稻品种上农粳2号在分蘖期分别施用15%多效唑、15%胺鲜·乙烯利和50%噻苯·乙烯利3种植物生长调节剂,研究其对水稻产量相关性状的影响。结果表明:不同生长调节剂以及不同浓度对上农粳2号产量的影响不同,12 g/667 m~2 15%多效唑对上农粳2号有一定增产效果,随着施用浓度的不断升高,有效穗在增加,但穗粒数和千粒质量均有下降,导致产量逐步降低。15%胺鲜·乙烯利12 g/667 m~2的处理对上农粳2号增产效果明显,主要是有效穗和穗实粒数增加所致。50%噻苯·乙烯利随着施用浓度不断增加,水稻产量在增加,在浓度为100 m L/667 m~2处理时产量达最高。综合产量相关性状可知,在分蘖期施用50%噻苯·乙烯利100 m L/667 m~2或15%胺鲜·乙烯利12 g/667 m~2,水稻产量提高的效果较明显。     

矮壮丰与多效唑对小麦的田间效应

以小麦宁麦13为材料,分析了喷施不同剂量的矮壮丰与多效唑对宁麦13化学调控效果及产量的影响。结果表明:多效唑主要作用于基部第1、2节间以及穗下节,导致宁麦13株高下降,且多效唑浓度越高,控高效果越好;矮壮丰主要作用于基部第1、2节间,对穗下节无影响,甚至会促进穗下节伸长,导致控高效果不明显。喷施不同剂量的矮壮丰与多效唑2种植物生长调节剂都会影响宁麦13的有效穗数,而且剂量越大,有效穗数越低,同时也会影响宁麦13的实粒数与千粒质量,其中千粒质量随着剂量的加大表现出增加的趋势,而喷施多效唑的宁麦13理论产量明显高于喷施矮壮丰的理论产量。综合小麦成穗、株高与产量3个方面性状,多效唑40 g/667 m~2(年前)+矮壮丰50 m L/667 m~2(年后)效果最佳。     

多效唑对苦荞产量的影响

采用4种浓度的多效唑（0,100,200,300mg/kg)处理苦荞品种九江苦荞和额土，于现蕾初期进行叶面喷施。结果表明多效唑能有效降低苦荞植株的高度，提高结实率，增加植株的粒数和粒重，使苦荞的产量提高。不同的处理浓度其效果差异显著，其中尤以200mg/kg的处理浓度效果最佳。     

多效唑对龙眼控穗促花效应试验初报

本文报道多效唑在４年生“福眼”的控穗促花试验，结果表明，２００ｐｍｍ，４００ｐｍｍ，６００ｐｐｍ，８００ｐｐｍ多效唑对龙眼花穗长度的控制比对照均有极显著效果，６００ｐｐｍ控制效果最好．同时，多效唑对龙眼梢有一定抑制作用，喷布多效唑的均比对照有极显著差异，不同处理间效果有差异。多效唑对龙眼花穗、产量的影响以６００ｐｐｍ最佳，雌雄花比达到１：４、４６０，产量比对照提高３４．６％，其他浓度均有不同影响。     

稀土对大麦生长发育及产量的影响

稀土对大麦生长发育及产量的影响实验研究.结果表明,稀土对大麦生育期没有明显影响;低浓度有增加株高,高浓度有降低株高的作用;低浓度处理具有增加有效穗,高浓度减少有效穗;低浓度有增加单株有效分蘖数的效果;高浓度有减少单株有效分蘖数的作用;稀土处理具有降低穗实粒数的效果;稀土处理具有降低单穗重的功效;稀土处理具有降低千粒重的作用;在稀土肥料对大麦产量的影响经方差分析处理间差异不显著.     

多效唑对蔓性千斤拔种子产量和干物质生产特性的影响

探讨多效唑对蔓性千斤拔种子产量和干物质生产的调控效应,以为其高产种子生产技术体系建立提供理论依据和技术指导。试验设计4种多效唑浓度处理,比较其对蔓性千斤拔种子产量和干物质生产特性的差异。结果表明,低浓度的多效唑处理对蔓性千斤拔种子产量有较显著的正效应,而高浓度的多效唑处理则有一定的负效应,与CK比较,低浓度多效唑处理(50 mg/L)的种子产量(1318. 5 kg/hm^2)显著提高了17. 3%,但在收获指数上与CK无显著差异,其优势主要来自于千粒重和单株粒重,分别比CK显著增加了8. 31%和20. 6%;同时具有较高的物质生产性能,其后期叶片的SPAD值比CK明显增加3. 44%～4. 67%,其单株总的干物质积累量显著增加了20. 48%。相关分析显示,单株种子粒重与单株总粒数和果荚数呈显著正相关(r=0. 6126和0. 5657),与结实率呈明显的负相关(r=-0. 5361);通径分析表明,各产量构成因子对单株粒重的直接作用大小为单株粒数>结实率>千粒重>单株果荚数,其中单株粒数的贡献率最大,为0. 4918,其次为结实率的0. 2677。     

不同浓度多效唑对大麦生长和产量的影响

以保大麦8号为试验材料,研究喷施不同浓度多效唑对大麦生长和产量的影响。结果表明,通过喷施15%多效唑可湿性粉剂,大麦株高、倒伏率、千粒质量降低,有效穗、产量增加。其中,喷施多效唑1 000倍液对降低大麦株高效果最佳(P0.05);喷施多效唑500倍液对降低大麦倒伏率、增加产量效果显著(P0.05)。     

苗期不同浓度多效唑对南方晚粳稻秧苗素质、茎蘖动态及产量的影响

【目的】通过喷施多效唑来达到高产所需的足穗,解决南方晚粳稻有效穗数不足的问题。【方法】设计以品种为主区、多效唑浓度为副区的裂区试验。以镇稻11和甬优2640为晚粳稻材料,以晚籼稻H优518为对照;多效唑浓度(以有效成分计)分别设A1(0 mg/L)、A2(84 mg/L)、A3(120 mg/L)、A4(156 mg/L)和A5(192mg/L)共5种施用水平。2014—2015年评估了不同浓度多效唑对南方晚粳稻秧苗素质、茎蘖动态及产量的影响。【结果】随多效唑浓度增加,2年各品种秧苗苗高均逐渐降低;H优518及甬优2640秧苗叶龄及SPAD值逐渐增加,而镇稻11却先增后降;三品种秧苗单株根长、根数、分蘖数以及有效穗数、结实率、籽粒充实度和产量均随苗期喷施多效唑浓度的增加呈现先增后降趋势,其中H优518及甬优2640两品种的上述指标均在A4时最高,镇稻11在A3表现最佳。【结论】喷施适宜浓度多效唑可显著提高水稻秧苗素质、有效穗数及产量。其中,H优518及甬优2640以A4(156 mg/L)时产量表现最好,而镇稻11却在A3(120 mg/L)时产量达到最高。     

生长调节剂对黑小麦茎秆性状及其籽粒产量和品质的影响

为明确不同生长调节剂对黑小麦植株茎秆性状及其籽粒产量和品质的调控效应,以冬黑1号和临黑131为试验材料,在黑小麦起身期喷施不同生长调节剂（多效唑、甲哌胺鲜酯、矮壮素）,研究其对黑小麦茎节间长、株高、倒伏级别、籽粒产量及构成因素和籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,喷施生长调节剂均能不同程度降低黑小麦株高、基部第1和第2节间长度、穗下节长度,增加基部节间粗度。其中,多效唑可降低黑小麦株高1.1~4.5 cm,第1和第2茎节粗平均减少1.2 cm和2.3 cm,穗下节减少1.7 cm,茎粗度增加0.55~1.65 mm;甲哌胺鲜酯对黑小麦株高的影响不明显,茎粗度增加0.1~1.35 mm;矮壮素可降低黑小麦株高0.5~1.2 cm,第1和第2茎节间长减少2.1 cm和2.8 cm,穗下节变化不明显,茎粗度增加0.2~0.8 mm。喷施生长调节剂使倒伏级别降低0.30~1.22级,多效唑降低程度显著。喷施多效唑使黑小麦茎秆木质素和纤维素含量显著增加。多效唑处理下,冬黑1号和临黑131产量分别为6 648.0和6 076.5 kg·hm^-2,均高于其他处理;甲哌胺鲜酯对黑小麦产量的影响不显著;矮壮素使黑小麦减产。喷施生长调节剂提高产量是通过提高单位面积有效穗数和穗粒数实现的。喷施多效唑显著增加了2个黑小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量（3.7%~19.6%）。从茎秆指标和产量来看,在冬黑1号和临黑131拔节期喷施多效唑的效果较好。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。