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1.
Shoichiro Yamamoto Satoshi Kitano Hiroyuki Sakano Masayuki Yagyu 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(2):275-280
Brown trout Salmo trutta were first introduced into Japan in 1892, and they currently naturally reproduce in several rivers in Honshu and Hokkaido,
Japan. Although negative impacts of brown trout introductions on native salmonid fishes have been documented in some Hokkaido
rivers, studies of ecological interactions between brown trout and native salmonid fishes on Honshu are limited. In this study,
we describe the longitudinal distribution patterns of introduced brown trout, white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis and masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou in a 4 km stretch of a stream in central Honshu. Underwater observations were conducted in all pools within upstream, middle
and downstream sections (190–400 m in length) of this stretch in order to estimate the densities of these species. Only white-spotted
charr was observed in the upstream section, while brown trout and masu salmon were observed in the middle and downstream sections.
Masu salmon densities, however, were much lower than brown trout densities. In the downstream section, white-spotted charr
was absent. These results are consistent with results from previous studies of Hokkaido rivers, where it was found that white-spotted
charr in low-gradient areas tend to be displaced by brown trout. 相似文献
2.
Grzegorz J. Dietrich Mariola Dietrich Piotr Hliwa Robert Stabinski Joanna Nynca Aneta Andronowska Andrzej Ciereszko 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(3):419-425
The objective of this study was to describe the morphometry and motility parameters of vendace (Coregonus albula) spermatozoa. Morphometric parameters of vendace sperm head and tail were of values similar to rainbow trout. The effects
of pH, sodium, potassium and calcium ion concentrations on computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) sperm motility characteristics
were tested. Vendace sperm was motile in a wide pH range of 6.0–10.5 with the optimum pH established at 9.0. Increases in
potassium and calcium ions caused decreases in the percentage of motile sperm. The CASA parameters and erratic sperm movement
pattern of vendace spermatozoa were similar to whitefish (C. lavaretus) sperm motility, suggesting that there is a coregonid-specific sperm motility pattern. 相似文献
3.
Zehra Selcuk Serap Ustaoglu Tiril Fikret Alagil Volkan Belen Mustafa Salman Sena Cenesiz Omer Hakan Muglali Feraye Berkay Yagci 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(2):213-221
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplemental dietary l-carnitine, chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic) and their combination on growth performance and serum total protein, cholesterol,
triglyceride and glucose of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A total of 276 rainbow trout were randomly allocated to four groups. Fish (average initial body weight = 151 ± 1.69 g)
were fed a basal diet without supplemental l-carnitine and chromium picolinate in the control group. The basal diet was supplemented with either 500 mg/kg l-carnitine, 1.6 mg/kg chromium picolinate or 500 mg/kg l-carnitine plus 1.6 mg/kg chromium picolinate for experimental groups 1 (C), 2 (Cr-Pic) and 3 (C + Cr-Pic), respectively.
Fish were fed twice a day to apparent satiation for 58 days. Weight gain, growth rate, feed consumption and feed conversion
ratio (feed/gain) were calculated for the whole period. At the end of the study, six fish were chosen randomly from each tank
to represent the experiment and frozen at −20°C for subsequent dorsal muscle analysis. The results showed no significant differences
in final body weight, weight gain or feed conversion ratio among groups. There were also no significant differences in serum
total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride or glucose concentrations among groups. Significantly higher lipid concentration
of dorsal muscle was observed in experimental groups 1 and 3. In conclusion, supplemental dietary l-carnitine, chromium picolinate and their combination have no beneficial effects on improving growth performance and feed
conversion ratio in rainbow trout. However, dietary l-carnitine slightly increased lipid concentration in dorsal muscle of rainbow trout. 相似文献
4.
5.
The present study investigated the effects of sequential collection of milt, time of post-mortem storage and anesthesia on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm motility parameters (using computer-assisted sperm analysis – CASA) as well as seminal plasma osmolality and sperm
concentration. The post-mortem storage and time of anesthesia altered motility characteristics of rainbow trout sperm to different extents. The moderate
impact of time of anesthesia was manifested in a shortened duration of sperm motility after 10 min exposure of fish to anesthetic.
The prolonged post-mortem storage (≥40–60 min), in addition to lowering sperm motility duration, also significantly influenced sperm motility parameters,
such as sperm velocities, percentage of motile sperm and sperm trajectory parameters. These results clearly demonstrate that
when milt from sacrificed fish is used for sperm motility studies, the time of post-mortem storage significantly alters sperm motility characteristics. Since sperm motility rate and swimming velocity could predict
fertilizing ability, detrimental effects of prolonged post-mortem storage may lead to reduced fertilization success. Sperm concentration and seminal plasma osmolality were lower in the first
fractions and increased with successive collections of milt. It suggests the presence of urine contamination of the first
milt fractions which were collected by stripping. Therefore, testing of sperm concentration and/or seminal plasma osmolality
should be mandatory while handling stored milt. 相似文献
6.
Takanori Ishikawa Nobuhiro Mano Teruyuki Nakanishi Hitomi Hirose 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(6):1009-1014
The present study examined the effects of high-concentration ascorbic acid (AsA) supplementation over a long period on growth,
plasma components, nonspecific immune responses, and thermal tolerance in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Four commercial diets supplemented with 0, 100, 1000, and 5000 mg AsA per kg of diet (designated AsA0, AsA100, AsA1000,
and AsA5000, respectively) were fed to rainbow trout (initial weight 1.85 g) for 100 days. AsA contents in liver increased
with increasing dietary AsA levels. Feeding period, growth performance, and plasma components did not differ significantly
between the AsA groups. On the other hand, the phagocytic assay [nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay] was significantly higher
in fish fed AsA1000 and AsA5000 than those fed a diet without AsA (AsA0) at the end of feeding trial. Superoxide dismutase
(SOD) activity in the intestines of fish fed AsA5000 was also significantly higher than that of fish fed AsA0. In the thermal
tolerance test, fish fed AsA5000 only showed significantly lower cumulative mortality compared with the AsA0 group. In conclusion,
high-concentration AsA supplementation such as AsA5000 over a long period does not induce any adverse effects and can enhance
disease and stress resistance in rainbow trout. 相似文献
7.
Thomas H. Galley Frederico M. Batista Richard Braithwaite Jon King Andy R. Beaumont 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(3):315-325
The blue mussel Mytilus
edulis is a commercially important species whose fishery and culture generally relies on natural spat collection. Hatchery-production
could provide an alternative source of seed, enabling reliable expansion of the industry. Mussel spawning and larval rearing
trials were carried out to optimise elements of hatchery production. Culturing fertilised eggs at low density (20–200 eggs cm−2) rather than high density (400–720 eggs cm−2) significantly improved the quality of first veliger larvae and differences in this improvement were evident between the
eggs from different females (maternal effects). Veliger larval growth at 17 or 21°C was significantly faster than growth at
14°C. Feeding veliger larvae an identical total ration either daily or at 2–3 day intervals did not significantly affect their
growth. Different microalgal diets (1: Isochrysis sp. (clone T-ISO), 2: Chaetoceros
calcitrans forma pumilus, 3: C. muelleri, 4: mixed Isochrysis sp. (clone T-ISO) and C. calcitrans f. pumilus, and 5: mixed Isochrysis sp. (clone T-ISO) and C. muelleri) were tested on veliger larval growth and mixed diets outperformed single-species diets. 相似文献
8.
This paper reports the effect of feeding probiotic diets on blood profiles in rainbow trout. Two experiments were performed:
in the first, fish of average weight 75 g were offered either a commercial feed or the same incorporated with 109 CFU g−1 of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus for 30 days; in the second study performed for a similar duration, fish of average weight 126 g were offered formulated diets
that either contained the same bacteria in heat-killed or freeze-dried form (nearly 1011 CFU g−1), or the basal diet without the bacteria. Blood samples were collected at different times after commencement of probiotic
feeding to determine the total cholesterol, triglyceride contents, the plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, plasma protein
and hematocrit value. The plasma cholesterol significantly increased upon probiotic feeding in the first experiment. A significant
elevation (P < 0.05) of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride and alkaline phosphatase activity level was found in the freeze-dried probiotic
fed groups at 20 and 30 days postfeeding. This was concomitant with the increased plasma protein and hematocrit values in
FD group at 20 and 30 days. Likewise, the heat-killed probiotic fed group registered significantly high values of triglycerides,
alkaline phosphatase activity, and plasma protein compared to the control diet fed groups after 20 days of feeding. Thus,
alterations in the blood profiles could serve as supplementary information when examining the benefits of probiotics for fish. 相似文献
9.
The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to water containing a stressed trout or skin extract from stressed and non-stressed trout would elicit a stress response in conspecifics. Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed for 1 hour to water containing a stressed fish, homogenized skin extracts from a non-stressed fish, skin extract from a stressed fish and water with none of these factors. The stress response was measured over a 24-h period (1, 6, 12, 24 h after exposure). Plasma cortisol levels increased at 12 h in fish exposed to water from a stressed fish and skin extract from a stressed fish. Plasma glucose and hepatic hsp70 levels were not affected by treatments. The results suggest that rainbow trout elicit a stress response when exposed to stress-related alarm cues released from conspecifics. 相似文献
10.
There is a need to develop low-cost methods for larviculture that emphasize disease prevention. We evaluated stagnant water
larviculture in flounder Paralichthys olivaceus using rotifer amictic eggs treated with glutaraldehyde. Growth and survival of the larvae were similar to in larvae reared
by standard running water larviculture with daily feeding of rotifers (control). In the experimental group, the n-3 highly
unsaturated fatty acid content of rotifers in the rearing water was higher than in the enriched rotifers fed to the control
group. We also observed a similar pattern for the fatty acid composition of flounder larvae. The viable bacterial counts associated
with rotifers in stagnant water were lower than those associated with enriched rotifers, and there were fewer bacterial genera.
However, the viable bacterial count was the same or higher in the experimental rearing water compared with that in the control
group. The α-Proteobacteria and Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroidetes group dominated the bacterial community structure after larval hatching. To our knowledge, this is the first time that stagnant
water larviculture, using only disinfected amictic eggs, has been successfully demonstrated on a mass production scale. This
method appears to offer benefits including improved nutrition, more favorable bacterial communities, and lower cost. 相似文献
11.
Toshihiro Onitsuka Tomohiko Kawamura Shunsuke Iwanaga Satoshi Ohashi Toyomitsu Horii 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(4):619-623
The dietary value of juvenile stages (gametophyte and juvenile sporophyte) of the brown macroalga Eisenia bicyclis for post-larval and juvenile abalone Haliotis diversicolor of 2.0–6.5 mm in shell length (SL) was examined and compared with that of a benthic diatom, Nitzschia sp., in laboratory experiments. Most abalone actively fed on these diets, but there were large variations in the growth rate
among the diets and among the growth stages of abalone. Growth rates of abalone fed on Nitzschia sp. were highly variable within each growth stage, but showed no clear differences among growth stages. In contrast, in abalone
fed gametophytes or juvenile sporophytes, growth rates linearly increased as abalone grew. Growth rates of >60 μm SL/day were
observed in juveniles of >3 mm SL fed gametophytes, and juveniles of >5 mm SL fed juvenile sporophytes. These results indicate
that the dietary value of the juvenile stages of E. bicyclis for the abalone changes as they grow, and with growth juvenile abalone begin to efficiently utilize gametophytes and juvenile
sporophytes in that order. 相似文献
12.
Mariano M. Pascual Juan P. Hualde Virginia A. Bianchi Pablo Moreno Juan M. Castro Carlos M. Luquet 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(6):1339-1352
We investigated the effects of replacing non-fermented wheat grains with wheat grains fermented by fungal mycelia in the diet of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We assessed growth performance, feeding parameters, and body composition in three experimental groups (0.33?±?0.01 g, in triplicates of 50 individuals each). The diets for all the groups contained ca. 43% protein and 19% lipids. Experimental diets were made by replacing the 100 g kg?1 of wheat grains present in the basal diet (CTRL) with the same proportion of wheat grains fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus (PWD) or Lentinus edodes (LWD) mycelium. Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 56 days. Both, PWD and LWD, significantly increased fish body weight from day 28 onwards. Final body weight was 2.37?±?0.04 g (CTRL), 4.29?±?0.02 g (PWD), and 3.50?±?0.05 g (LWD), and feeding efficiency (%) was increased from 64.5?±?0.7 (CTRL) to 92.5?±?0.5 (PWD) and 84.8?±?1.5 (LWD). The experimental diets also improved nutrient retention efficiency (%): 30.0?±?0.5 (PWD), 27.7?±?1.1 (LWD), and 21.0?±?0.1 (CTRL), for crude protein; 40.3?±?0.6 (PWD), 31.0?±?1.8 (LWD), and 16.1?±?0.7 (CTRL), for ether extract; and 16.1?±?0.1 (PWD), 14.0?±?0.3 (LWD), and 11.6?±?0.6 (CTRL), for phosphorus. Body lipid content was highest for PWD followed by LWD and CTRL (81.4?±?1.4, 63.2?±?2.5, 42.3?±?2.6 g kg?1, respectively), while viscerosomatic index was lowest for PWD (p?<?0.05). Liver glycogen in LWD and PWD fish (0.62?±?0.10 and 0.21?±?0.08% liver weight) was significantly higher than in CTRL fish (0.05?±?0.01% liver weight). Wheat-mycelium meals appear to be suitable dietary ingredients for improving juvenile rainbow trout growth and nutritional performance. These benefits vary according to the mushroom species used. 相似文献
13.
The immediate-early gene (egr-1) expression was used to examine the neuron’s response in telencephalon of goldfish during spatial learning in small space.
Fishes were pre-exposed in the experimental apparatus and trained to pick food from the tray in a rectangular-shaped arena.
The apparatus was divided into identical compartments comprising three gates to provide different spatial tasks. After the
fish learned to pass through the gate one, two more gates were introduced one by one. Fish made more number of attempts and
took longer time (P < 0.05) to pass through the first gate than the gate two or three. This active learning induces the expression of egr-1 in telencephalon as established by western blot analysis. Subsequently, the fish learn quickly to cross the similar type
of second and third gate and make fewer errors with a corresponding decline in the level of egr-1 expression. As the fish learned to pass through all the three gates, third gate was replaced by modified gate three. Interestingly,
the level of egr-1 expression increased again, when the fish exhibit a high exploratory behavior to cross the modified gate three. The present
study shows that egr-1 expression is induced in the telencephalon of goldfish while intensively acquiring geometric spatial information to pass
through the gates. 相似文献
14.
Yasuro Iwashita Nobuhiro Suzuki Takeshi Yamamoto Jun-ichirou Shibata Keiichirou Isokawa Ang H Soon Yuto Ikehata Hirofumi Furuita Tsuyoshi Sugita Takanobu Goto 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):1083-1095
The supplemental effects of cholyltaurine and soybean lecithin to a defatted soybean meal (SBM)-based fish meal-free diet
on the hepatic and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were investigated. A fish meal-based diet (FM), three fish meal-free diets supplemented either with soybean lecithin (SL),
bovine gall powder (BG) or cholyltaurine (C-tau) and an unsupplemented fish meal-free diet (NFM), were given to fish (−11
g) for 10 weeks. The growth was the lowest in fish fed diet NFM, intermediate in fish fed diet SL and the highest in fish
fed diet FM, BG and C-tau. Hepatocytes of fish fed diet NFM were atrophied, and the distal intestine of these fish showed
abnormal features: disintegrated microvilli and fatty degeneration in epithelial cells and increased amount of connective
tissue in the submucosa. Hepatic and intestinal histological features in fish fed diets SL, BG and C-tau were similar to those
in fish fed diet FM. These results indicate that soybean lecithin, bovine bile salts and cholyltaurine have similar effects
on normalizing the hepatic and intestinal morphologies of rainbow trout fed the SBM-based diet, although growth promotion
effect was limited in the soybean lecithin. 相似文献
15.
Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and mirror carp Cyprinus carpio were slaughtered by either percussion or asphyxiation. For determination of the physical (texture value) and biochemical
quality attributes [pH, lactic acid, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and malondialdehyde (MDA) values] of trout and
carp, the fish were filleted immediately (within 2 h), 12 h after harvest (pre-rigor), 24 and 36 h after harvest (in-rigor),
and finally 48 and 60 h after harvest (post-rigor). For microbiological quality attribute (mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria
count) analyses, the fish were filleted immediately (within 2 h) after harvest (pre-rigor), 24 h after harvest (in-rigor)
and 48 and 72 h after harvest (post-rigor). By percussion slaughtering followed by pre-rigor filleting, it was possible to
process rainbow trout and mirror carp without inflicting excessive handling stress. Percussion slaughter delayed onset of
rigor and the percussion-slaughtered fish exhibited a long pre-rigor period (≈24 h), giving plenty time for pre-rigor processing.
Percussion slaughtering and pre-rigor filleting of fish was considered to be superior to the traditional asphyxiation slaughtering
with respect to texture, TVB-N and MDA attributes. 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of various organic acid (OA) supplementation on phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) retention by rainbow trout fed low fishmeal-based diets. Six experimental diets were formulated, and diet 0.5P was arranged as a positive control diet with 0.5% calcium phosphate and 0P as a negative control without additional P. Diets CA and LA were supplemented with 1% citric (CA), and lactic (LA) acids, respectively, and diets MHA and LTE were supplemented with 1% methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) and 1% liquid trace elements (LTE), respectively. Fish fed CA and LTE showed similar growth to that of the positive control diet. P retention was lowest in the 0.5P group and was elevated with CA and LTE diets. Therefore, in this study it is suggested that it might not be necessary to supplement the low fishmeal-based diet of rainbow trout with P if certain organic acids such as CA are added. 相似文献
17.
Marieke Verleih Alexander Rebl Bernd Köllner Tomáš Korytář Günter Kotterba Eckhard Anders Klaus Wimmers Tom Goldammer 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(4):1271-1276
The proline-rich protein 13 (PRR13) is reported to be a key regulator of the resistance to cytostatica by decreasing the copy
number of the proapoptotic gene thrombospondin-1. We isolated and characterized the complete PRR13 gene sequence of rainbow
trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The gene comprises four exons and three introns, the latter of comparatively short lengths (100–811 bp). The full-length
PRR13 cDNA consists of 1,101 nucleotides, including an open reading frame of 563 bp, which is predicted to encode a 187 amino
acid protein with a molecular mass of 18.8 kDa. A continuous stretch of ten serine residues at the C-terminus is highly conserved
and characteristic for vertebrate PRR13, but not for other known proline-rich proteins. Phylogenetic analyses suggest a clear
separation of teleostean PRR13 proteins and those from mammalian and reptilian species. Comparison of the tissue-specific
PRR13 mRNA abundance in two strains of the rainbow trout coastal form (TCO Steelhead II-WA vs. BORN Steelhead II-Germany)
revealed an increased expression in the BORN trout in nearly all examined tissues. The major expression differences were detected
in gill (2.29-fold) and in liver tissue (2.16-fold). Hence, the increased PRR13 expression in BORN trout might cause improved
protection from natural cytostatica and therefore support our assumption that PRR13 is a candidate gene possibly involved
in the varying ability of the two rainbow trout strains to handle environmental stress under local conditions of the Southern
Baltic. 相似文献
18.
Mahdi Naderi Saeed Keyvanshokooh Amir Parviz Salati Alireza Ghaedi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(5):1373-1385
The main aim of the present study was to assess the effects of chronic high stocking density on liver proteome of rainbow trout. Rainbow trout juveniles (42.6 ± 2.3 g average body weight) were randomly distributed into six tanks at two stocking densities (low stocking density (LD) = 20 kg m?3 and high stocking density (HD) = 80 kg m?3). Both treatments were performed in triplicate tanks for a period of 60 days. High stocking density caused a reduction in the growth performance compared with LD fish. Lysozyme activity increased with stocking density, while serum complement activity presented the opposite pattern. Serum cortisol and total protein levels did not show significant differences (P > 0.05) between experimental groups. The fish reared at high stocking density showed significantly lower osmolality and globulin values but higher albumin level. The HD group had significantly higher activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde content in the liver when compared to the LD group. Comparative proteomics was used to determine the proteomic responses in livers of rainbow trout reared at high stocking density for 60 days. Out of nine protein spots showing altered abundance (>1.5-folds, P < 0.05), eight spots were successfully identified. Two proteins including apolipoprotein A-I-2 precursor and mitochondrial stress-70 protein were found to increase in HD group. The spots found to decrease in the HD group were identified as follows: 2-peptidylprolyl isomerase A, two isoforms of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an unnamed protein product similar to fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, and serum albumin 1 protein. 相似文献
19.
Streptococcus dysgalactiae strains have been isolated from cultured amberjack Seriola dumerili and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata in Japan. To characterize the fish isolates, we performed genetic analysis and compared the biochemical properties of these
isolates with those of the S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strains isolated from mammals. The genetic analysis revealed that the fish isolates were genetically very similar to each
other with high DNA–DNA relatedness (>95.4%) and sequence homology. Meanwhile, the DNA relatedness between mammalian isolates
and the fish isolates was 73.4–82.6%. In biased sinusoidal gel electrophoresis (BSFGE) analysis, the restriction patterns
of mammalian isolates were different from those of fish isolates. The fish isolates did not show streptokinase activity in
plasminogen obtained from mammals. These characteristics enabled us to distinguish between the fish isolates and the Sdd and Sde strains isolated from mammals. In order to obtain epidemiological information on the fish isolates, BSFGE patterns from 284
S. dysgalactiae strains from fish in Japan were examined. Based on the results of BSFGE analysis, the fish isolates were classified into
16 groups (AP1–AP16) with restriction enzyme ApaI. The dendrogram based on BSFGE analysis indicated that all fish isolates using in this study were closely related. 相似文献
20.
The present study was carried out to determine the antibacterial effect of caprylic acid in the culture system of Artemia franciscana nauplii inoculated with shrimp pathogens Vibrio harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus. To begin with, the antibacterial effect of different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 mM) of caprylic acid against V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus was assessed through bacterial growth study. This indicated that at 100 mM concentration, the growth of the pathogens was
completely inhibited within 5 h, whereas, in 1.0 and 10 mM concentrations, effective inhibition was observed with the extension
of time. Subsequently, the influence of pH variation on the growth inhibitory effect of 10 mM caprylic acid against V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus at different pH (5–7) was also made through bacterial growth study. At pH 5, the pathogen growth was very less, compared
with pH 6 and 7. The Artemia nauplii (instar II) reared in 10 mM caprylic acid supplemented medium were challenged with V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus, and the mortality was recorded at an interval of 6 h up to 60 h. In this study, the mortality of Artemia nauplii reduced to 20.61 and 16.30% in V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi challenged groups, respectively. The present results provide evidence for the potential antibacterial activity of caprylic
acid in aquaculture against luminescent vibrios. 相似文献