蝴蝶兰组培快繁技术体系研究

以“红天鹅”蝴蝶兰为试材,研究了6-苄氨基嘌噙(6-BA)浓度、取样节位、附加物对花梗腋芽诱导分化及不同外植体诱导原球茎分化的影响,以期建立蝴蝶兰组培快繁技术体系.结果表明:6-BA浓度为3.0 mg/L时,花梗腋芽分化率最高,为96％;取基部2、3节位幼嫩、粗壮的花梗腋芽诱导分化效果最好,分化率可达100％;以土豆替代香蕉、白砂糖替代蔗糖,可大大降低培养基的生产成本;根座和芽座是诱导原球茎分化的最佳外植体,诱导率可达90％以上.该试验筛选出了2条蝴蝶兰高效组培快繁技术体系.     

蝴蝶兰快速繁殖关键技术研究

以蝴蝶兰嫩叶、茎尖、花梗侧芽、花梗节间为外植体,进行原球茎诱导,探求蝴蝶兰组织培养的最适外植体;通过不同培养基及各种激素配比组合进行原球茎诱导、增值及试管苗生根试验,探索各阶段最优培养基配方。结果表明：茎尖和花梗腋芽是蝴蝶兰形成原球茎的较佳外植体;M S＋0.5 mg/LN AA＋1.0 m g/L 6-BA＋100 mL/L椰乳是蝴蝶兰原球茎增殖的最佳培养基,增殖系数达8.98;1/2 MS培养基最利于侧芽萌发形成丛生芽;生根最适培养基为1/2M S＋1.0 mg/LIBA＋0.5 mg/LN AA。     

素心建兰无性繁殖系的建立及其开花

本文以素心建兰(金丝凤尾素和铁骨素)的茎尖或腋芽为外植体,分别培养在修改的BMS或BMS+10％椰乳(CM)+5mg/l萘乙酸(NAA)的琼脂培养基上,经三个月诱导发生了原球茎,将原球茎切割,培养在相同成分的液体培养基中,继代增殖。原球茎转入BMS+10％CM液体培养基中,连续照光,在其顶端分化芽,由芽基部分化根,形成小植株,这样建立了快速无性繁殖系。将小植株转入1/2BMS琼脂培养基上,每天 8小时照光。幼苗生长发育,由其腋芽分化发育为花芽,然后在花芽基部形成根,花葶挺拔而出、花蕾开启。试管育兰一年四季能得到开花植株。对兰花生长发育及花芽形成规律进行了讨论。实验结果表明,盆栽兰花;每株的腋芽可以发育成只长叶不开花的个体。当腋芽顶端的分生组织分化为花芽,花葶挺拔而出。开花的个体,叶片不发育,而成为常见的苞叶及鞘。     

蝴蝶兰花梗节间段培养繁殖的初步研究

 采用蝴蝶兰植株的茎尖、根尖、花梗节、花梗节间切段作外植体诱导类原球茎, 其中花梗节间切段诱导频率明显高于其它外植体, 用改良的MS培养基+ 6-BA 5～7. 5 mg/L + NAA 0. 5 ～1. 0 mg/L + 椰乳汁15 % 可加速类原球茎的形成。选用水藓作为试管苗的移栽基质有利于提高小苗的成活率。     

铁皮石斛组培快繁及栽培技术研究

通过对铁皮石斛的种子萌发、茎尖和腋芽的诱导,从而形成原球茎,由原球茎的增殖培养、器官分化,建立快速繁殖体系,成功培育出再生植株。并从试管苗的大棚移栽和养护等方面进行技术研究,初步形成从组培快繁到大棚生产的一系列生产过程。     

蝴蝶兰组织培养快繁技术研究

本试验对蝴蝶兰组织培养不同阶段的适用培养基和激素配比水平进行了筛选,结果表明:在蝴蝶兰花梗腋芽诱导中,选用花宝(N-P-K:6.5-6-19)2.5 g/L(克/升)为基础培养基,添加BA3.0 mg/L(毫克/升)有利于对花梗腋芽诱导;原球茎增殖培养以较低的无机盐浓度为好,采用1.0g/L(克/升)花宝为基础培养基,添加2.0 mg/L(毫克/升)的6-BA和0.5 mg/L(毫克/升)的NAA,原球茎的增殖系数2个月内能达5倍以上,是最佳的原球茎增殖组合;以2.7 g/L(克/升)的花多多1号(N-P-K:20-20-20)为基础培养基,添加0.1 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/L(毫克/升)NAA,植株生根率高,根数多,生根长,是较为理想的生根培养基.     

蝴蝶兰的快速无性繁殖

以蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis)的花梗侧芽及花序顶端为外植体,在Kyoto或MS BA3ppm培养基中诱导出营养芽。以试管植株的茎尖、茎段、叶片在MS BA0.5-5ppm或MS BA0.5-5ppm NAA1ppm的培养基中,诱导出不定芽或原球茎状体(Protocorm-Like-Body,PLB.)。在附加BA_5 NAA_1的培养基里,茎段不定芽诱导率为65％,叶片PLB诱导率为16.7％,用MS BA1ppm进行PLB继代培养可获得大量群体,进一步培养可形成完整小苗。 由蝴蝶兰花梗侧芽而来的白花无性系品种[Phal.(phyllis key ×bandleader)× Celebration]已大量出瓶移栽。在广州地区,蝴蝶兰出瓶苗种植2-3年即可开花。     

仙客来的组织培养及植株再生

以仙客来叶片、叶柄、花梗等部位为外植体进行组织培养及植株再生.结果表明,叶片(及叶基部)导率较高,叶柄次之,花梗最次.经试验筛选出最适合诱导愈伤组织的培养基为MS 6-BA 2.0 2,4-D 0.2 KT 0.2,诱芽培养基同上.     

宽叶红门兰组织培养育苗研究

以花梗腋芽为外植体,筛选出宽叶红门兰组织培养育苗的适宜培养基配方。结果表明:宽叶红门兰最佳诱导培养基MS+BA 2.0 mg/L,增殖培养基MS+BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.3mg/L,生根培养基1/2MS+BA 0.1 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L。     

结球白菜组培苗不经低温条件在试管内抽薹开花

用结球白菜自交不亲和系91-352作试材。该系为山东省农科院蔬菜所用72与B77-206杂交获得的早代系,冬性中等。其种子接于无菌培养基7天后,取发芽小苗切除下胚轴,用其余部分为外植体进行诱芽组织培养。在温度25±2℃、光照2000lX、每日光照时间 12小时条件下,经 25～ 30天培养后,形成具有7～10片叶、5～10个小腋芽的无根小植株。这些小植株顶芽在试管内均形成了花芽,进而抽薹,并具有5～7枚花蕾。用植株上小腋芽继代培养25天左右,同样长成具6～8片叶、4～7个小腋芽的抽薹小植株,花蕾5～7枚。所出现的这种花蕾多数很快枯萎,不能正常开花。将小…     

60Co-γ辐射对切花菊试管苗的诱变效应

以‘神马’和‘长紫’两个切花菊品种的生根试管苗为试材,用60Co-γ射线进行辐射,设0（对照）、10、15和20 Gy等4个剂量处理,处理后以茎段和叶片为外植体进行离体培养,分析辐射对腋芽发生率、愈伤组织诱导率和分化率的影响,统计M1代田间主要性状及变异情况。结果表明：γ射线对试管苗茎段和叶片的愈伤组织诱导及分化有明显抑制作用,随着辐射剂量的增加抑制作用加强。不同品种、不同外植体对辐射的敏感程度都存在差异。茎段较叶片更适合做辐射后组培的外植体。‘长紫’M1代株高降低,花径减小;而‘神马’在株高和花径出现略微增加的趋势。茎段和叶片的再生植株田间主要性状的变异程度大于腋芽的再生植株。‘长紫’在花色和瓣形上的变异率高于‘神马’。     

水果型黄瓜的离体快繁及大田对比试验

将水果型黄瓜S-609的顶芽及带腋芽茎段于添加不同浓度BA、IAA、NAA的MS培养基中进行不定芽的诱导及增殖培养，然后将高度大于2cm的单芽(或带1个腋芽的茎段)于添加～定浓度的IBA、NAA的1／2MS生根培养基中进行生根培养。待生根的试管苗炼苗成活后定植于大田，并以实生苗作为对照进行设施栽培比较。结果表明．以MS BA0．2mg／L(单位下同) IAA0．05为最理想的诱导不定芽及增殖培养基配方；以1／2MS IBA0．05生根良好．生根率达99％，移栽成活率90％以上；在大棚设施栽培条件下，组培苗表现出了该品种的特征、特性，而且比实生苗更早果、丰产。     

基于气生根的雷公藤植株的快速繁殖技术

以雷公藤幼嫩茎段为外植体材料,研究雷公藤无菌体系的建立,植物生长调节剂以及培养方式对诱导腋芽萌发和茎段快速生根的影响,以期获得雷公藤植株的快速繁殖技术。结果表明:雷公藤外植体的最佳消毒方式是75%酒精30 s+0.1%升汞10 min;腋芽萌发的最佳培养基为MS+1.5 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L-1 NAA,最佳培养条件为温度(23±1)℃,湿度70%±5%,光/暗培养12 h/12 h,腋芽的萌发率为98.3%;生根的最佳培养基为1/2 MS+0.2 mg·L-1 NAA+0.1 mg·L-1 IAA+0.03%活性炭,最佳培养条件为叶片支撑的带芽茎段空气悬浮培养,温度为(23±1)℃,湿度为70%±5%,光/暗培养12 h/12 h,不定根的萌发率达到91.5%。该空气生根的雷公藤体外培养体系方法简单,月增殖系数可达到3.8,可同时快速实现雷公藤植株的增殖培养和生根培养。     

铁皮石斛人工繁育技术

以铁皮石斛商品瓶苗和盆栽苗茎段为试材,添加不同浓度6-BA、NAA,诱导茎段腋芽、原球茎和不定根,建立再生体系,快速繁殖铁皮石斛组培苗,以期为秦岭淮河一线以北地区人工繁殖铁皮石斛提供参考依据。结果表明:外植体宜采用70%酒精浸泡20 s,0.1%升汞浸泡8 min消毒;MS+6-BA 3.0~5.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1~1.0 mg·L^-1适合腋芽分化和增殖,分化率92%~100%;1/2MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+土豆泥15%适合原球茎诱导增殖,增殖倍数7.7;1/2MS+NAA 0.3 mg·L^-1生根率为100%;以松针土移栽,成活率83%。     

四种补血草组织培养的比较研究

以叶片和带腋芽的花茎为外植体对不同补血草品种(P104、UH4、429、867)进行组织培养比较研究。结果表明:在培养基MS+6-BA0.3mg/L+NAA0.6mg/L上,品种均能通过带腋芽的花茎分化出芽,出芽率依次为P104UH4867429,但污染严重;"情人草"品种P104、UH4能通过叶片诱导出愈伤组织,而"勿忘我"品种不能;在生根培养基1/2MS+IBA1.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L+Vc200mg/L+PP3330.2mg/L中,4个品种均能生根,其生根率依次为P104UH4429867。     

Some factors affecting the in vitro propagation of gladiolus

Callus tissue cultures have been established from the excised segments of the inflorescence, flower stalks, denuded flower, bract, perianth and leaf segments of 2 cultivars of Gladiolus grandiflorus. Of all the explants and the media tested, the best callus was obtained from the segments of the flower stalks, cultured on a basal medium supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid and kinetin. The callus mostly underwent rhizogenesis, and occasionally differentiated shoots. Complete plants were regenerated from the in vitro cultured cormels, cormel tips and the axillary buds, and 6 plants were formed from the segments of 1 cormel, whereas in nature only 1 plant is obtained per cormel. Cultured young anthers callused and developed leaf-like petaloid structures, and occasionally showed multicellular pollen.     

鹤顶兰四倍体植株的诱导与鉴定

 以鹤顶兰原球茎为材料,使用秋水仙素进行了四倍体的离体诱导。结果表明,采用秋水仙素浸泡法可以诱导鹤顶兰原球茎发生倍性变化,含0.02%秋水仙素的“花宝一号”溶液浸泡处理6 d诱导率最高,达22.5%。细胞学鉴定发现,诱变成活植株中有3株为四倍体,其植株形态、气孔大小、气孔密度与二倍体存在差异,细胞核明显增大。     

High frequency multiplication of Phalaenopsis gigantea using trimmed bases protocorms technique

This study was conducted to determine the effects of coconut water (CW) and activated charcoal (AC) on multiplication of Phalaenopsis gigantea protocorms. The protocorms used for this study were obtained by germinating seeds in vitro. Protocorms with trimmed and untrimmed bases were cultured on XER basal medium containing 0, 10, 15 or 20% (v/v) CW; and 0, 1, 2 or 2.5 g AC l⁻¹. Trimmed protocorms exhibited the highest percentage of proliferation on a medium containing 15% (v/v) CW and 2.5 g AC l⁻¹ (56.82 ± 38.86%) with an average of 4.24 ± 2.89 protocorms formed per protocorm. Untrimmed protocorms cultured on a medium containing 20% (v/v) CW without AC produced the highest percentage of new protocorms (6.93 ± 6.28%) with an average of 0.72 ± 0.57 per protocorm. When CW was added to a medium singly, 10% (v/v) CW induced a higher degree of proliferation on trimmed protocorms (5.68 ± 10.14%) with an average 0.50 ± 0.84 new protocorms per protocorm. Untrimmed protocorms proliferate to a much lower extent (2.57 ± 2.74%) with an average of 0.72 ± 0.57 protocorms per protocorm when cultured on a similar medium. A high concentration of CW enhanced proliferation on untrimmed protocorms, but increased mortality of trimmed protocorms. The addition of CW with AC to media increased protocorm proliferation and survival of both trimmed and untrimmed protocorms. When cultured on all media, trimmed protocorms produced a higher number of new protocorms (an average 0.5–7.0) as compared to untrimmed protocorms (0.3–1.9). Comparative studies showed that trimmed protocorms produced up to 10 times more new protocorms than untrimmed ones. Altogether this study showed that trimmed protocorms cultured on a medium containing CW and AC can be used for high-frequency multiplication of P. gigantea seedlings.     

Apical Dominance and Flower Initiation in the Rose

The initiation of leaves and flowers by selected axillary buds of the glasshouse rose cultivar Sonia (syn. Sweet Promise) has been studied both while their extension growth was inhibited by apical dominance and after the inhibition had been removed at one of two times (“early” or “late”). Leaf initiation occurred during growth inhibition so that leaf primordia accumulated in the axillary buds. Flower initiation began, with both treatment times, only after removing apical dominance. Although the total number of leaf primordia formed before the flower was greater in plants of the “late” treatment, the axillary shoots produced in both treatments had similar numbers of leaves with expanded leaflets. Thus many leaf primordia of the “late” treatment plants became scales. The evidence suggests that flower initiation cannot begin while an axillary bud is subject to apical dominance, and that after its removal another factor results in the production of shoots with a relatively constant number of leaves with expanded leaflets.     

The responses of early-flowering chrysanthemums to daylength

In a study of photoperiod response 30 early (summer)-flowering chrysanthemum cultivars from Britain and Japan reacted as quantitative short-day plants. Both flower bud initiation and development occurred more rapidly in short days (SD) as compared with long days (LD). The early-flowering cultivars differed from late-flowering chrysanthemums in that lateral flower buds, and often the terminal flower buds, develop to anthesis in LD. Internodes were shorter in SD and flowers had fewer florets. There was an increased number and proportion of disc florets in SD in all cultivars except one. Two cultivars, ‘Mezame’ and ‘Pennine Yellow’, closely approached day-neutrality.All cultivars produced fewer leaves in LD on upper lateral shoots than on main stems. Either the presence of the terminal flower bud induces earlier flowering of the upper lateral shoots, or the change which causes the terminal apical meristem to initiate a flower in LD influences the axillary meristem also.SD could be used to speed up the flowering of glasshouse-grown crops of early-flowering cultivars. The advantages and disadvantages which may be associated with treatment at different stages of growth are discussed.