多效唑对草坪草天堂419生长调节作用的初步研究

本试验用新型植物生长延缓剂多效唑配制成０ｐｐｍ,１００ｐｐｍ,２００ｐｐｍ,３００ｐｐｍ,４０ｐｐｍ５种不同浓度的溶液,叶面喷施草坪草天堂,４１９,每次间隔２周,系统观测喷施后草坪划的生长速度,叶片大小,叶色和分蘖状况,结果表明,施用多效唑后草坪不仅叶面积更窄小,绿色更深,分蘖更多而且共生长速度也变小了,但是多效唑溶液浓度超过３００ｐｐｍ时,草坪草生长停滞,叶先变紫红后枯萎死亡。     

肉鸡大肠杆菌病药物治疗比较试验

选用氟哌酸（ＦＰＡ）、氯霉素（ＣＭＴ）、强力霉素（ＤＯＣ）、庆大霉素（ＧＥＮ）、卡那霉素（ＫＡＮ）、呋喃唑酮（ＦＵＲ）、磺胺甲基异恶唑（ＳＭＺ）等７种药物，对肉鸡大肠杆菌病进行分组治疗，试验鸡数５７００只，分１９组。试验结果表明：肉鸡大肠杆菌病的临诊治疗效果与药敏试验结果基本一致；内服用药的疗效与其吸收性相关；ＦＰＡ、ＣＭＴ、ＤＯＣ的适宜治疗剂量分别为５０ｐｐｍ、７５０ｐｐｍ、７５ｐｐｍ。     

EM在长毛对虾养殖中的应用研究

ＥＭ有明显的促生长和改善水质的作用，在对是养殖的早期以２ｐｐｍ为佳，后期以４－６ｐｐｍ为宜。各种的综合分析表明：ＥＭ加充氧和ＥＭ混合在饵料中联合使用，可显著地提高对虾的生长和成活率。     

环境温度对鸡饲粮代谢能测值及血浆中甲状腺激素浓度的影响

在５～３５℃区间设６个温度条件，研究了环境温度对饲粮干物质代谢率（ＡＤＭＲ）、干物质真代射率（ＴＤＭＲ）、表观代谢能（ＡＭＥ）、真代谢能（ＴＭＥ）及血浆中甲状腺激素水平的影响，并探讨了干物质代谢率、内源性干物质（ＥＤＭ）、内源性能量（ＥＥＬ）排出量及代射能等与血浆中甲状腺激素水平的关系。共用７８只成年京白公鸡进行了测定。结果表明：环境温度显著影响ＡＤＭＲ、ＴＫＭＲ、ＥＤＭ、ＥＥＬ、ＡＭＥ、ＴＭＥ及     

植物生长调节剂对提高冷季型草坪草抗热性的研究

采用高羊茅的2个品种科伦那多和斗牛士，叶面喷施植物生长抑制剂脱落酸（ABA）及生长促进剂细胞激动素(KT)，研究它们对草坪草株高、分蘖、抗高温特性的影响，结果表明：①ABA、KT对草坪草降低株高，提高抗热性方面都有积极作用；②对分蘖来说，ABA对分蘖力较强的品种（斗牛士）促进作用明显，而对分蘖力弱的品种（科伦那多）却有降低分蘖作用；③ABA和KT都显著降低株高，其中对科伦那多这类株高本身较高的品种效果更好；④ABA和KT均可增加草坪草的抗热性，其中以ABA的效果较好。喷施ABA和KT能提高草坪草抗热性，是安全越夏的有效措施。     

结缕草种子打破休眠过程的代谢调控

作者测定了结缕草休眠与打破休眠种子发芽过程中磷酸已糖异构酶（ＰＧＩ）、６－磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶和６－磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶（Ｇ－６－ＰＤＨ和６－ＰＧＤＨ）的联合活性以及苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）的活性。结果表明，打破休眠种子的酶活化较休眠种子快，并且打破休眠种子的Ｇ－６－ＰＤＨ和６－ＰＧＤＨ联合活性及ＭＤＨ活性在发芽过程中显著高于休眠种子。由此证明休眠种子在发芽过程中，其磷酸戊糖途径（ＰＰ）及三羧酸循环（ＴＣ     

NTEP评价体系在草坪草评价中的应用

详细论述了全美草坪评价体系（ＮＴＥＰ）的组织机构、测试项目和分析方法，产以“午夜”和“巴润”两个草地早熟禾品种为例，深入分析了该评价体系的评价方法，帮助我国学者了解和使用ＮＴＥＰ评价体系。     

植物生长调节剂对提高冷季型草坪草抗热性的研究

采用高羊茅的2个品种科伦那多和斗牛士，叶面喷施植物生长抑制剂脱落酸(ABA)及生长促进剂细胞激动素(KT)，研究它们对草坪草株高、分蘖、抗高温特性的影响，结果表明：①ABA、KT对草坪草降低株高，提高抗热性方面都有积极作用；②对分蘖来说，ABA对分蘖力较强的品种(斗牛士)促进作用明显，而对分蘖力弱的品种(科伦那多)却有降低分蘖作用；③ABA和KT都显著降低株高，其中对科伦那多这类株高本身较高的品种效果更好；④ABA和KT均可增加草坪草的抗热性，其中以ABA的效果较好。喷施ABA和KT能提高草坪草抗热性，是安全越夏的有效措施。     

新型水溶性ABT6号在牧草上应用研究

中国林科院最新研制的水溶性ＡＢＴ６号生根粉比以往醇溶性生根粉，使用方法简便易行，又节省费用。经试验，ＡＢＴ处理浓度以２００ｐｐｍ为最适宜；浸种处理增产１１．３２％－２１．６４％，喷施处理增产７．４３％－１３．５２％，投产比分别为１：１８．６－１：９．８。ＡＢＴ无毒、无公害，安全可靠，有利于改善生态环境。可以在草地建植上大面积推广应用。     

青海藏羊血清运铁蛋白多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对青海省三角城种羊场和达日县的１９６份藏羊血样进行了血清运铁蛋白多态性的研究。结果发现：①在被检藏羊的血清运铁蛋白位点上共发现ＴＦ￣Ｉ，ＴＦ￣Ａ，ＴＦ￣Ｇ，ＴＦ￣Ｂ，ＴＦ￣Ｌ，ＴＦ￣Ｃ，ＴＦ￣Ｄ，ＴＦ￣Ｍ，ＴＦ￣Ｅ，ＴＦ￣Ｑ和ＴＦ￣Ｐ１１个等位基因，其中ＴＦＣ（０．３２４０），ＴＦ￣Ｂ（０．２６７９）和ＴＦ￣Ｄ（０．２１６８）为优势等位基因；②共发现ＴＦＩＥ，ＴＦＡＡ，ＴＦＡＢ，ＴＦＡＣ，ＴＦＡＤ，ＴＦＡＭ，ＴＦＧＢ，ＴＦＧＬ，ＴＦＧＣ，ＴＦＧＤ，ＴＦＢＢ，ＴＦＢＣ，ＴＦＢＤ，ＴＦＢＭ，ＴＦＬＣ，ＴＦＬＤ，ＴＦＬＥ，ＴＦＣＣ，ＴＦＣＤ，ＴＦＣＥ，ＴＦＣＱ，ＴＦＣＰ，ＴＦＤＤ，ＴＦＤＭ，ＴＦＤＥ和ＴＦＤＱ２６种基因型，其中ＴＦＢＣ（２０．４１％）、ＴＦＣＣ（１３．７８％）和ＴＦＢＤ（１１．７４％）为优势基因型。     

山羊产业可持续发展关键因素分析

山羊产业可持续发展的“多元化”主要体现在个体的生存力、适应性以及经济效益等方面,而全球气候、经济变化趋势及社会关系等影响山羊生产体系的重要因素逐渐引起了广泛关注。文章重点介绍了近年来山羊的发展情况,并探讨了影响山羊产业可持续发展的关键因素(气候变化、物价上涨、环境破坏、遗传变异、生活模式、社会以及生态不平衡)。通过了解制约山羊产业可持续发展的因素,有利于牧民因地制宜,从容应对当下及未来面临的各种发展机遇与挑战。     

Some fungi, zearalenone and other mycotoxins in chicken rations, stock feedstuffs, lucerne and pasture grasses in the communal farming area of Rhenosterkop in South Africa

Mycotoxins may be present in feeds without any visible signs of mould contamination. There is a need for rapid and accurate measurement of mycotoxins for purposes of continual monitoring and identification of high risk commodities. Samples from commercial chicken feed (maize kernels), cattle feed (lucerne, grass and hay) and milk were analysed for the presence of certain mycotoxins and cultured for fungi. Results of fungal profiles showed that most samples were contaminated by moulds belonging to the genera, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Mucor, Phoma and Rhizopus. All the chicken feed samples tested contained mycotoxins either below the recommended safe levels for poultry or below the detection limits of the ELISA tests. However, samples of grass contained levels of zearalenone greater than the allowable concentration for dairy and beef cattle (250 ppm), which may be linked to the presence of Fusarium scirpi identified in the fungal profiles. The levels of AFMI were below the detection limits of the ELISA tests, which may be attributed to the low levels of aflatoxins found in the feed (grass) samples. The presence of the fungus in samples analysed is not evidence for the presence of mycotoxins.     

膜下滴灌技术在人工草地建植中的应用

干旱缺水是发展人工草地建植的瓶颈,膜下滴灌技术是目前解决干旱缺水地区最有效的一种节水灌溉方式。该技术在农业上已经大面积推广,并取得了显著效益,但在人工草地建植中的应用甚少。阐述了膜下滴灌技术在人工草地建植中的重要意义,分析了内蒙古地区膜下滴灌技术在人工草地建植中的应用现状及存在的问题及现状,旨在借鉴该先进技术,将其应用于人工草地建设中,从而为水资源匮乏地区人工草地建设提供技术保障。     

Dose-titration of fenbendazole in the treatment of poultry nematodiasis

Broiler chickens were fed ad libitum diets containing fenbendazole at various concentrations and durations for the removal of adult Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, and Capillaria obsignata. All regimens were 100% effective against A. galli. Fenbendazole at doses of 80 ppm for 3 days and 48 or 30 ppm for 5 days was 100% effective against H. gallinarum. C. obsignata was not removed completely by any regimen, but greater than or equal to 95% effectiveness was seen in birds given fenbendazole at doses of 80 ppm for 3 days and 48 ppm for 5 days. All medicated rations were readily consumed, and the treated birds exhibited no adverse reactions.     

Relative contributions of diet and sunshine to the overall vitamin D status of the grazing ewe

Circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25OHD2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) provide, respectively, a measure of the contributions of the diet and sunshine to the overall vitamin D status. These indices were measured in grazing sheep over a 16 month period which included their first pregnancy. Seasonal fluctuations in 25OHD3 concentrations were very marked, demonstrating both the dominance of photobiosynthesis as a source of vitamin D in the summer and also the lack of an effective storage mechanism. The concentration of 25OHD2 was subject to much smaller fluctuations, but when young grass was being consumed it was significantly lower than when mature grass or hay was fed. Supplementation in winter maintained circulating concentrations at a satisfactory level and may be a wise precaution in practice.     

Can treatment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachiaria decumbens</Emphasis> (signal grass) improve its utilisation in the diet in small ruminants?—a review

Brachiaria decumbens is an extremely productive tropical grass due to its aggressive growth habit and its adaptation to a varied range of soil types and environments. As a result of the vast availability, treated B. decumbens demonstrates as a promising local material that could be utilised as an improved diet for sheep and goats. Despite the fact that the grass significantly increases weight gains in grazing farm animals, there were many reports of general ill-thrift and sporadic outbreaks of photosensitivity in livestock due to the toxic compound of steroidal saponin found in B. decumbens. Ensiling and haymaking were found to be effective in removing toxin and undesirable compounds in the grass. Biological treatments using urea, activated charcoal, polyethylene glycol, and effective microorganisms were found to be useful in anti-nutritional factor deactivation and improving the nutritive values of feedstuffs. Besides, oral administration of phenobarbitone showed some degree of protection in sheep that fed on B. decumbens pasture. In this review, we aim to determine the effect of B. decumbens toxicity and possible treatment methods on the grass to be used as an improved diet for small ruminant.     

利用禾草隔离技术防控鼢鼠危害豆科人工草地的研究

豆科牧草来源匮乏始终是制约高寒牧区畜牧业发展的短板之一。除了天然草地资源本身的限制以外,豆科牧草人工草地的建植也存在诸多限制因素,其中一个重要的限制因素就是鼢鼠(Myospalax)危害。研究表明,鼢鼠对豆科等轴根系植物具有强烈的采食偏向性,而对禾本科等须根系植物则表现为相对冷淡。据此,本研究采用在豆科草地外围种植禾本科草隔离带的方式,从草种选择、隔离带宽度、种植方式等技术环节对此种方法的有效性和技术要点进行了探索。结果表明:禾草隔离技术是防控豆科人工草地鼢鼠危害的有效方法,平均可减少危害量82.4%以上;一年生禾草的隔离效果明显优于多年生禾草(P0.01),短期多年生禾草明显优于长期多年生禾草(P0.01);隔离带宽度应控制在3~5m之间;豆科草地建植当年以一年生、短期多年生和长期多年生混播隔离带效果最佳。     

The ecology of horse cyathostomin infective larvae (Nematoda-Cyathostominae) in tropical southeast Brazil

Experimental studies about the recovery, survival and migration to pasture of cyathostomin infective larvae (L(3)) from fresh feces depositions were conducted from February 2005 to March 2007 in a tropical region of southeast Brazil. Grass and feces were collected weekly at 8 a.m., 1 and 5 p.m. and processed by the Baermann technique. Multivariate analysis (principal components method) showed the influence of time and environmental variables on the number of infective larvae recovered from the feces and pasture. In the rainy period (October-March), more infective larvae were recovered on the feces and grass apex. In contrast, in the dry period (April-September), the recovery was higher only on the grass base, as well as the L(3) survival on feces and grass. More larvae were recovered at 8 a.m., except from the grass apex, where the highest recovery was at 1 p.m. Few studies investigating the seasonal transmission of equine cyathostomin have been conducted in South American tropical climates. These results demonstrate that in tropical conditions L(3) are available on feces and pasture throughout the year. Knowledge of climatic influences on the development and survival of L(3) is crucial to designing integrated parasite control programs that provide effective protection while slowing the development of anthelmintic resistance.     

岷山红三叶与冬小麦保护播种技术研究

通过比较岷山红三叶与冬小麦保护播种,岷山红三叶春播后生长期喷施盖草能化学除草和岷山红三叶春播苗期人工除草3种不同处理的株高、草产量、投入、产出等各项指标,结果表明:运用岷山红三叶与冬小麦保护播种技术,比盖草能除草和人工除草经济适用,不仅降低了播种当年杂草对岷山红三叶的危害程度,且播种第2年的株高、鲜干草产量均和其他2处理组差异显著(P<0.05),同时提高了岷山红三叶播种当年和第2年后的经济效益,是目前人工防治田间杂草的有效措施。     

黄土高原利用牧草枯落物防治刺槐纯林土壤极化的效应

以黄土高原广泛分布的人工刺槐(Robinia pseudoacia)纯林为研究对象,通过采集林地腐殖质土壤并与7种常见豆科牧草的枯落物进行120 d混合分解培养试验,分析牧草枯落物对刺槐纯林土壤性质的改良和土壤极化的防治效应.结果表明:对于黄土丘陵区(黄陵)刺槐纯林土壤,苜蓿(Medicago sativa)具有明显的改良作用,其次为草木樨(Melilotus officinalis);而胡枝子(Leapedeza bicolor)具有明显的恶化作用,其次为毛苕子(Vicia villosa)、红豆草(Onobrychis viciifolia)和沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens);对于黄土残塬沟壑区(淳化)刺槐纯林土壤,草木樨和沙打旺具有明显的改良作用,其次为毛苕子;而小冠花(Coronilla varia)具有明显的恶化作用,其次为红豆草.