侵染云南早春西瓜的西瓜银色斑驳病毒和黄瓜花叶病毒分离鉴定

早春西瓜是云南热区的特色水果,近年来病毒病发生危害日益严重。为明确侵染早春西瓜的主要病毒,本研究采集了云南省西双版纳州勐海县的早春西瓜植株与果实病毒病样品,应用透射电子显微镜制样观察、间接酶联免疫吸附测定(ID-ELISA)和RT-PCR扩增克隆与测序分析进行检测鉴定。结果表明：侵染早春西瓜的病毒为西瓜银色斑驳病毒(WSMoV)和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV);ID-ELISA对叶部样品WSMoV和CMV的检出率分别为70%和20%,复合侵染率为15%,RT-PCR对这两种病毒的检出率分别为100%和65%,复合侵染率为65%;并且,实验对发病果实种子进行RT-PCR扩增克隆和测序分析发现上述2种病毒复合侵染率达100%;系统发育树分析表明,云南西瓜WSMoV分离株21YV-40(GenBank登录号：OP617563)、21YV-43(GenBank登录号：OP867047)与云南分离株Banna-2011(GenBank登录号：KM242056)相似性最高,达到99.00%,云南西瓜CMV分离株CMVYN40(GenBank登录号：OP617565)、CMVYN46(GenBank登录号：...     

从云南蝴蝶兰上检测到番茄斑萎病毒属病毒

 应用电镜观察、DAS-ELISA以及RT-PCR检测,从症状表现黄化、环斑的云南蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis amabilis)病样中分离得到的一个病毒分离物Tospo-Pha。该分离物粒子近球形、具包膜、直径约90nm,与番茄斑萎病毒属(Tospovirus)的西瓜银色斑驳病毒(Watermelon silver mosaic virus,WSMoV)/花生芽坏死病毒(Groundnut bud necrosis virus,GBNV)复合抗血清呈强阳性反应,分子检测发现该分离物SRNA5'末端序列与CaCV大岩桐分离物(CaCV-Gloxinia)同源性最高(91.0%),在系统进化树中与CaCV聚于同一分支。上述结果表明,从云南蝴蝶兰中分离到的Tospo-Pha属于Tospovirus病毒。     

广东西瓜上检测到甜瓜黄斑病毒

在广东发现了可能被番茄斑萎病毒属(Tospovirus)病毒侵染的西瓜,采用ELISA和RT-PCR法对该西瓜病样进行了检测,西瓜病叶粗汁液不与番茄斑萎病毒(Tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)和西瓜银斑驳病毒(Watermelon silver mottle virus,WSMoV)的血清发生反应;利用引物J13/UHP通过RT-PCR可以扩增出约1400 bp的基因片段,该片段包括一个840 bp的核衣壳蛋白ORF,其推导的氨基酸序列与已报道的Melon yellow spot virus(MYSV)NP基因氨基酸序列的同源率都为99%,进化树分析表明侵染广东西瓜的病毒(命名为MYSV-GZ)属于Tospovirus的MYSV血清组。     

我国部分地区沙地葡萄茎痘相关病毒分离物外壳蛋白序列变异分析

为明确我国葡萄中沙地葡萄茎痘相关病毒（GRSPaV）的感染情况及病毒外壳蛋白（coat protein,CP）基因的变异特点,从而为其致病性、病害的防治以及抗病毒基因工程等研究提供依据,本研究对采自我国16个省市自治区的65个葡萄品种305株葡萄样品中的GRSPaV进行RT-PCR检测,根据地区与品种差异选取了24个阳性样品进行cp基因克隆与测序分析,并对不同RNA提取方法进行了比较。结果显示,114株样品被GRSPaV侵染,平均带毒株率为37.4%;分离物间及同一分离物不同克隆间的序列差异较大,从24个分离物克隆获得的37条cp基因序列与来源于不同国家的12个GRSPaV分离物的核苷酸序列同源性为80.5%~99.7%,氨基酸序列同源性为88.8%~100%;各个分离物的遗传距离无明显地域差异;SiO₂吸附法比SDS法和CTAB法更适宜葡萄样品RNA的提取。     

番茄环纹斑点病毒核壳体蛋白抗血清制备及其血清学特性分析

 番茄环纹斑点病毒(Tomato zonate spot virus, TZSV)是番茄斑萎病毒属的一个新种,对云南番茄、辣椒生产造成严重危害。用RT-PCR 从感病番茄中扩增得到长度为837 bp TZSV 的核壳体蛋白基因(N 基因),将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a( + ),获得重组原核表达载体pET-TZSV-N,在大肠杆菌BL21 中表达,SDS-PAGE 分析表明,该载体高效表达33kDa 的融合蛋白;以纯化的融合蛋白作为抗原免疫家兔制备TZSV 核壳体蛋白(N 蛋白)的多克隆抗体,间接酶联免疫测定(ID-ELISA)表明效价为1 / 6 000;Western blot 分析表明,该抗血清能与西瓜银色斑驳病毒(WSMoV)血清组的辣椒褪绿病毒(CaCV)反应,而与番茄斑萎病毒(TSWV)、凤仙花坏死斑病毒(INSV)无血清交叉反应,说明获得的抗血清能用于WS-MoV 血清组成员的检测,TZSV 属于WSMoV 血清组成员。     

葡萄蚕豆萎蔫病毒中国分离物基因组全长序列分析

 葡萄蚕豆萎蔫病毒(grapevine fabavirus,GFabV)是近年报道的葡萄新病毒,与葡萄褪绿斑驳、皱缩等症状发生相关,严重影响葡萄长势。本研究采用小RNA测序结合Sanger测序方法分别对表现褪绿斑驳的‘贝达’和无症状的‘赤霞珠’葡萄中的GFabV分离物进行基因组全长序列测定,获得了GFabV分离物LN_BETA2和LN_CXZ的基因组全长序列,其RNA1基因组全长分别为5 824 bp和5 823 bp,RNA2基因组全长分别为3 132 bp和3 135 bp。LN_BETA2与LN_CXZ的RNA1编码的多聚蛋白核苷酸序列之间的同源性为81.7%,与其他GFabV分离物多聚蛋白核苷酸同源性分别为73.4%~99.5%和73.5%~82.5%;LN_BETA2和LN_CXZ的RNA2编码的多聚蛋白核苷酸同源性为83.8%,与其他GFabV分离物多聚蛋白核苷酸同源性为75.0%~83.3%和68.2%~98.6%。系统进化树分析结果显示,在RNA1基因组中,LN_BETA2划分在组3,LN_CXZ形成单独的分支。RNA2基因组中,LN_BETA2和LN_CXZ分别划分在组3和组5中。本研究首次报道了GFabV中国分离物基因组全长序列,可为今后GFabV生物学特性及致病性研究提供工作基础。     

西瓜花叶病毒2号南瓜分离物的鉴定及其外壳蛋白基因序列分析

 利用电镜和酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)在黑龙江省采集的南瓜病样中检测到西瓜花叶病毒2号(WMV-2)。再利用免疫PCR (IC-PCR)和反转录PCR (RT-PCR)方法,扩增获得其外壳蛋白(CP)基因片段,并克隆到pGEM-T载体中。核苷酸序列测定表明,该分离物CP基因全长为852个核苷酸,编码由284个氨基酸组成的31.8 kDa蛋白。与国外已报道的WMV-2 CP基因相比,其核苷酸序列同源性为92.2%~94.0%,由此推导的氨基酸序列同源性为94.5%~98.1%。与国内2个分离物相比,和山西分离物核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性都达到98.5%,和郑州分离物核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为91.5%和95.0%。     

灰飞虱来源的水稻条纹病毒外壳蛋白基因遗传多样性

 采用单雌产卵法获得来自江苏、云南、山东、河北等地灰飞虱（Laodelphax striatellus Fallén,SBPH）来源的21个水稻条纹病毒（Rice stripe virus,RSV）分离物,提取灰飞虱总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增,获得21个RSV分离物的包含外壳蛋白（cp）基因在内的约1 000 bp左右的DNA片段。测序结果显示,参试分离物的cp由969个核苷酸组成,编码322个氨基酸。采用DNASTAR软件进行分析,21个灰飞虱来源的RSV-cp核苷酸序列和推导出的编码蛋白的氨基酸序列同源性分别为95.7%~100%和96.0%~100%。与已报道水稻来源的32个RSV分离物一起进行序列同源性比较和系统进化树分析结果表明,总体而言RSV-cp较为保守,其遗传多样性首先与地缘相关,从地理位置上可以分成中国云南、中国沿海和日本3个地理种群;其次与寄主相关,在同一地理种群中可以划分为灰飞虱和水稻2个寄主种群。     

北京怀桑地区李矮缩病毒的检测鉴定

在北京怀柔地区核果类果树病毒疫情调查中,对樱桃树上有矮缩、斑驳、皱缩等症状的叶片样品,通过酶联免疫检测为阳性反应,进行RT-PCR鉴定、外壳蛋白基因扩增片段测序,发现该序列与李属坏死环斑病毒(PDV)ch株系分离物(L28145.1)序列的同源性为100%,与分离物(AF208746.1,AF208747.1,AF208743.1)序列的同源性大干97%,说明被检测样品感染有PDV.这是PDV病毒在北京地区发生的首次报道,对该病毒来源及其流行趋势也进行了分析.     

西瓜和甜瓜上西瓜银斑驳病毒的鉴定及广西分离物S RNA序列分析

<正>0引言西瓜银斑驳病毒(watermelon silver mottle virus,WSMoV)是番茄斑萎病毒科(Tospoviridae)正番茄斑萎病毒属(Orthotospovirus)病毒，主要通过蓟马以持久增殖型方式传播^[1-2]。WSMoV病毒粒子球状，外具包膜，基因组为三分体负单链RNA，分别为L RNA、M RNA和S RNA^[1,3]。1982年IWAKI等最先在日本冲绳县发现WSMoV为害西瓜，在叶片上产生银色斑驳症状，遂命名为西瓜银斑驳病毒^[4]；随后，中国台湾、泰国、印度等地陆续报道该病毒^[1,5-6]。     

侵染广西甜椒的西瓜银斑驳病毒分子鉴定

西瓜银斑驳病毒(Watermelon silver mottle vi-rus,WSMoV)为布尼亚病毒科(Bunyaviridae)番茄斑萎病毒属(Orthotospovirus)病毒,通过蓟马以持久增殖型方式传播,主要危害番茄、辣椒、西瓜等茄科和葫芦科作物,引起褪绿轮纹、环斑、皱缩等症状,造成严重的经济损失[1]....     

Identification and characterization of a tospovirus causing chlorotic ringspots on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phalaenopsis</Emphasis> orchids

A putative virus-induced disease showing chlorotic ringspots on leaves of Phalaenopsis orchids has been observed in Taiwan for several years. A virus culture, 91-orchid-1, isolated from a Phalaenopsis orchid bearing chlorotic ringspot symptoms was established in Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana benthamiana, and characterized serologically and biologically. The virus reacted slightly with the antiserum of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) but not with those of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) and Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV). Isometric particles measuring about 70–100 nm were observed. Inoculation with isolated virus was conducted to confirm that 91-orchid-1 is the causal agent of chlorotic ringspot disease of Phalaenopsis orchids. To determine the taxonomic relationships of the virus, the conserved region of L RNA and the complete nucleocapsid gene (N gene) were cloned and sequenced. The sequence of conserved region of L RNA shares 83.8, 82.5, 64.4 and 64.9% nucleotide identities and 96.5, 97.7, 67.3 and 67.6% amino acid identities with those of Peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV), WSMoV, TSWV and INSV, respectively, indicating that 91-orchid-1 is a tospovirus related to WSMoV. The complete nucleotide sequence of the N gene determined from a cDNA clone was found to be 828 nucleotides long encoding 275 amino acids. Sequence analyses of the N gene showed that 91-orchid-1 is an isolate of Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) which has been reported to infect tomato and capsicum plants in Australia and Thailand. 91-orchid-1 is therefore designated as CaCV-Ph. To our knowledge, this is the first formal report of a tospovirus infecting Phalaenopsis orchids.     

Serological and Molecular Characterization of Peanut chlorotic fan-spot virus, a New Species of the Genus Tospovirus

ABSTRACT To clarify the serological relationship of Peanut chlorotic fan-spot virus (PCFV) with other tospoviruses, antisera were produced against the nucleocapsid (N) proteins of this virus and tospoviruses from four serogroups including Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV), and Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). In immunodiffusion tests, the antisera only reacted with their homologous antigens. Similar results were noticed in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot tests, with the exception that strong cross-reactions were observed in heterologous combinations between TSWV and GRSV. The results indicated that the N protein of PCFV is not serologically related to those of the tospoviruses from the four serogroups. To further characterize the virus, viral S double-stranded RNA was extracted from PCFV-infected Chenopodium quinoa and used for cDNA cloning and sequencing. The full-length viral strand of the S RNA was determined to be 2,833 nucleotides, with an inverted repeat at the 5' and 3' ends and two open reading frames in an ambisense arrangement. The 3'-terminal sequence (5'-AUUGCUCU-3') of the viral S RNA is identical to those of other tospoviruses, indicating that PCFV belongs to the genus Tospovirus. The N and the NSs proteins of PCFV share low amino acid identities (22.3 to 67.5% and 19.3 to 54.2%) with those of reported tospoviruses, respectively. The phylogenetic dendrogram of the N gene of PCFV compared with those of other tospoviruses indicates that PCFV is distinct from other tospoviruses. In hybridization analyses, an N gene cDNA probe of PCFV did not react with viral RNAs of TSWV, GRSV, INSV, and WSMoV, and vice versa. Thus, based on these results, we conclude that PCFV is a new tospovirus species.     

Application of Phage Display in Selecting Tomato spotted wilt virus-Specific Single-Chain Antibodies (scFvs) for Sensitive Diagnosis in ELISA

ABSTRACT A panel of recombinant single-chain antibodies (scFvs) against structural proteins of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was retrieved from a human combinatorial scFv antibody library using the novel phage display technique. After subcloning the encoding DNA sequences in the expression vector pSKAP/S, which allowed the scFvs to be expressed as alkaline phosphatase fusion proteins, 17 different scFv antibodies were obtained. Of these, 12 scFvs were directed against the nucleoprotein (N) and 5, putatively, against the glycoproteins (G1 and G2). Five of the N-specific antibodies cross-reacted with two other tospoviruses (Tomato chlorotic spot virus and Groundnut ringspot virus), but none recognized the more distantly related tospoviruses Impatiens necrotic spot virus, Watermelon silverleaf mottle virus, Iris yellow spot virus, or Physalis severe mottle virus. The successful use of one of the antibodies as coating and detection reagent in a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the potential of the phage display system in obtaining antibodies for routine TSWV diagnosis.     

Identification of Common Epitopes on a Conserved Region of NSs Proteins Among Tospoviruses of Watermelon silver mottle virus Serogroup

ABSTRACT The NSs protein of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) was expressed by a Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) vector in squash. The expressed NSs protein with a histidine tag and an additional NIa protease cleavage sequence was isolated by Ni(2+)-NTA resins as a free-form protein and further eluted after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for production of rabbit antiserum and mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The rabbit antiserum strongly reacted with the NSs crude antigen of WSMoV and weakly reacted with that of a high-temperature-recovered gloxinia isolate (HT-1) of Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), but not with that of Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV). In contrast, the MAbs reacted strongly with all crude NSs antigens of WSMoV, CaCV, and CCSV. Various deletions of the NSs open reading frame were constructed and expressed by ZYMV vector. Results indicate that all three MAbs target the 89- to 125-amino-acid (aa) region of WSMoV NSs protein. Two indispensable residues of cysteine and lysine were essential for MAbs recognition. Sequence comparison of the deduced MAbs-recognized region with the reported tospoviral NSs proteins revealed the presence of a consensus sequence VRKPGVKNTGCKFTMHNQIFNPN (denoted WNSscon), at the 98- to 120-aa position of NSs proteins, sharing 86 to 100% identities among those of WSMoV, CaCV, CCSV, and Peanut bud necrosis virus. A synthetic WNSscon peptide reacted with the MAbs and verified that the epitopes are present in the 98- to 120-aa region of WSMoV NSs protein. The WSMoV sero-group-specific NSs MAbs provide a means for reliable identification of tospoviruses in this large serogroup.     

Serological Comparison and Molecular Characterization for Verification of Calla lily chlorotic spot virus as a New Tospovirus Species Belonging to Watermelon silver mottle virus Serogroup

ABSTRACT Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV) isolated from central Taiwan was recently identified as a tospovirus serologically but distantly related to Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). To clarify the serological relationship between the two viruses, rabbit polyclonal antibody (PAb) to CCSV and mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to WSMoV NP or CCSV NP were produced in this investigation, using purified nucleocapsid protein (NP) as immunogens. The PAb to CCSV NP reacted stronger with the homologous antigen than with the heterologous antigen, with much lower A(405) readings in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and low-intensity banding in immunoblotting. MAbs produced to CCSV NP or WSMoV NP reacted specifically with the homologous antigens but not with the heterologous antigens in both ELISA and immunoblot analyses. The CCSV S RNA was determined to be 3,172 nucleotides in length, with an inverted repeat at the 5' and 3' ends and two open reading frames encoding the NP and a nonstructural (NSs) protein in an ambisense arrangement. A typical 3'-terminal sequence (5'-AUUGCUCU-3') that is shared by all members of the genus Tospovirus also is present in the CCSV S RNA. The CCSV NP and NSs protein share low amino acid identities of 20.1 to 65.1% and 19.9 to 66.1%, respectively, with those of reported tospoviruses. Phylogenetic dendrogram analysis indicates that CCSV is a distinct member in the genus Tospovirus. The results provide evidence that CCSV is a new species in the genus Tospovirus and belongs to WSMoV serogroup.     

番茄斑萎病毒核衣壳蛋白基因的克隆与分析

从云南表现褪绿黄化症状的番茄上分离到番茄斑萎病毒(Tomato spotted wilt virus)YN-1株系,利用RT-PCR方法克隆了该株系的核衣壳蛋白基因,并测定了该基因的序列,全长为777 bp,编码258个氨基酸。对该基因的氨基酸序列分析结果表明,YN-1 N基因与韩国3个株系的氨基酸序列相似性均高达97%。