复混肥料中有效磷含量测定方法的改进

在检测复混肥料中有效磷含量时,国标规定称样采用滤纸包裹置于容量瓶中,本文取消滤纸包裹步骤,采用小漏斗置于容量瓶上直接称样的方法,避免了滤纸破碎后影响试液的过滤速度,在保证精密度和准确度的前提下,大大缩短了检测时间。     

肠道微生物菌群调节对猪的益处

美国的一项研究表明,对猪肠道微生物菌群进行预防性调节,同时分析其在感染前的特征可以为利用该菌群预防猪感染疾病提供一个独特的机会。     

Canine vaccination--providing broader benefits for disease control

This paper reviews the broader benefits of canine vaccination to human and animal health and welfare with an emphasis on the impacts of mass dog vaccination against rabies in countries of the less-developed world. Domestic dogs are the source of infection for the vast majority (>95%) of cases of human rabies worldwide, and dogs remain the principal reservoir throughout Africa and Asia. Canine vaccination against rabies has been shown to dramatically reduce the number of cases in dogs, the incidence of human animal-bite injuries (and hence the demand for costly post-exposure prophylaxis) and the likely number of human cases, primarily in children. Further benefits include the mitigation of the psychological consequences of rabies in a community, improved attitudes towards animals and animal welfare and reduced livestock losses from canine rabies. Mass vaccination has recently been used in the conservation management of wild carnivore populations threatened by transmission of rabies and canine distemper virus from domestic dog populations. Vaccination of wildlife hosts directly may also provide an option for mitigating infectious disease threats. The development of integrated control measures involving public health, veterinary, wildlife conservation and animal welfare agencies is needed to ensure that control of canine diseases becomes a reality in Africa and Asia. The tools and delivery systems are all available--all that is needed is the political will to free the world from the ongoing tragedy of these diseases.     

The benefits of animal identification for food safety

The Center for Veterinary Medicine supports the effort to have a practical, workable form of mandatory animal identification. An animal identification system will make tracing of the source of animals with drug or chemical residues quicker and more effective. One of the best means of addressing and solving the problem of residues is through mandatory livestock identification. A successful traceback benefits both the producer and the industry. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has proposed a mandatory nationwide system to require that all swine in interstate commerce be identified. Under the proposal several means of identification are listed and could be used. Additional methods or devices could be requested in writing to USDA. Persons required to keep records under the system would maintain the documents at their place of business for 2 yr. Records would be available to authorized USDA employees during ordinary business hours. FDA has had difficulty tracing tissue residue violations, particularly those involving sulfamethazine residues in swine. Investigations involving culled dairy cows and veal calves also have been closed due to lack of producer identification. The ability for FDA to determine the source of residues is vitally important in a coordinated government program to eliminate illegal tissue residues.     

A Strategy for Rangeland Management Based on Best Available Knowledge and Information

Adapting what we currently know about ecosystems to a future where rangelands are changing is a new frontier in rangeland management. Current tools for knowledge discovery and application are limited because they cannot adequately judge ecological relevance of knowledge to specific situations. We propose development of integrated knowledge systems (KSs)—collections of resources (e.g., data, analytical tools, literature) drawn from disparate domains and organized around topics by process-based conceptual models. An integrated KS would define relevance by ecological attributes (e.g., soils, climate, vegetation) and location as a flexible mechanism for organizing, finding, and applying knowledge to rangeland management. A KS provides knowledge sources within a decision-making framework that defines what knowledge is needed and how it will be used to make decisions. Knowledge from a KS can identify appropriate spatial and temporal scales to address specific resource questions or objectives. Several factors currently limit KS development and implementation. These include limited interoperability of disparate information and knowledge systems; lack of consistent geographic referencing of knowledge; incomplete and inconsistent documentation of the origin, history and meaning of data and information; underexploited application of remote sensing products; limited ability to extrapolate and share local knowledge and unstructured information; and lack of training and education of professionals that can link ecological and technical fields of study. The proposed KS concept and recommendations present an opportunity to take advantage of emerging technologies and the collective knowledge of rangeland professionals to address changing ecosystems and evolving threats. If we keep on with a “business as usual” approach to finding and using information, we will struggle to meet our responsibilities as rangeland professionals.     

提高妊娠母猪饲养经济效益的策略

现代猪场基本都已实现了规模化养殖,在养殖过程中,集母猪、种公猪、仔猪和育肥猪为一体。其中想要提高猪场的养殖效益,妊娠母猪尤为关键,但与妊娠母猪饲养效果息息相关的还有仔猪和哺乳母猪,这些本质上都是妊娠母猪的饲养。从科学配种到精细化养好妊娠母猪,从产房的母猪管理到仔猪饲养,每一个环节都必须精细到位才能提高养殖效益。本文从科学饲养妊娠母猪和仔猪的角度出发,探讨如何提高妊娠母猪的饲养经济效益。     

肉鸭常用植物性饲料原料有效磷评定及可加性研究

本文旨在用强饲-排宅法研究肉鸭植物性饲料原料有效磷的可加性.选择体重相近的21日龄樱桃符雄性肉鸭84只,随机分为7组,每组6个重复,每个重复2只鸭.分别强饲70 g玉米、豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕和等比例混合的玉米-豆粕、玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕、玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕-菜籽粕混合饲粮,集粪袋法收集48 h排泄物,测定磷的生物学效价.结果显示,肉鸭对3种组合混合饲粮中,玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕组合的总磷表观利用率、总磷真利用率、表观有效磷和真有效磷的实测值与计算值差异显著(P＜0.05),玉米-豆粕和玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕-菜籽粕2种混合饲粮实测值与计算值差异不显著(P＞0.05).由此得出如下结论;1)饲料原料真有效磷的可加性优于表观有效磷的可加性;2)不同饲料原料可加性优劣因原料组合不同而存在一定的差异.     

罗曼鸡可利用蛋氨酸维持需要的研究

试验选用30周龄罗曼公、母鸡72只,分为12个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1只试鸡,单笼饲养,分别饲喂蛋氨酸水平为理想需要量的36%、50%、65%、75%、85%和100%的半纯合梯度日粮,建立蛋白质和蛋氨酸沉积量对蛋氨酸食入量间的回归方程,来确定30周龄罗曼公母鸡的可利用蛋氨酸维持需要量。结果表明:公鸡蛋白沉积量显著高于母鸡(P<0.05)。分别以蛋白质和蛋氨酸沉积量为因变量,所得公鸡可利用蛋氨酸维持需要分别为每天39.34mg/kgBW0.7(5或表示为266.81mg/kgBPM)和1.93mg/kgBW0.7(5或表示为13.11mg/kgBPM)。母鸡可利用蛋氨酸维持需要分别为每天52.32mg/kgBW0.7(5或表示为282.14mg/kgBPM)和7.76mg/kgBW0.7(5或表示为41.87mg/kgBPM);由蛋白质沉积量为因变量所得的回归方程外推零蛋白质沉积时的蛋氨酸维持需要量要显著高于以零蛋氨酸沉积所得的维持需要量(P>0.05),母鸡可利用蛋氨酸维持需要高于公鸡的测定结果。     

如何从植酸酶添加中获得最大的收益

植酸酶是一种功能强大的酶,能够使无法消化利用的饲料释放出大量的养分。 但当植酸酶使用不当时,那些养分将不能被释放出和／或被动物机体所获取。如果那样,植酸酶的投入成本和价值就将被浪费了。     

植酸酶的多种益处

从提升饲料价值至改善环境(图1),植酸酶的价值是无容置疑的。