Resistance Evaluation of Some Chinese Leading Rice Maintainer, Restorer lines and Their Hybrids to Magnaporthe grisea

Six isolates of Magnaporthe grisea were selected to inoculate on 10 Chinese leading maintainer lines (B-lines), 14 restorer lines (R-lines) and their F1 hybrid plants. In the tested rice materials, R-lines were proved to be more resistant to blast than B-lines. The resistance frequency of about 25% F1 hybrid plants was less than their parents. In addition, 26 isolates of M. grisea collected from different rice growing areas of China were inoculated on 13 new improved hybrid rice combinations. The resistance frequencies of 5 improved hybrids were better than those of the controls and leading varieties in rice production of China.     

Race Specificity of Major Rice Blast Resistance Genes to Magnaporthe grisea Isolates Collected from indica Rice in Guangdong, China

Race-specific resistance and field resistance of 30 rice blast resistance monogenic lines dedved from different resources were evaluated. The spectra of resistance to 163 Magnaporthe grisea isolates collected from indica rice in Guangdong Province, China ranged from 0.6% to 89.6%. Most of the monogenic lines showed a narrow resistance spectrum and high susceptibility in rice blast area, whereas the lines with Pikh and Pi1(t) had the broad resistance spectra of 89.6% and 82.2% respectively, showing a high and stable blast resistance in fields. According to the cluster analysis of specific resistance to 163 blast isolates tested, the 30 monogenic lines were divided into 15 groups, and based on the principal factor analysis, nine kinds of race-specific resistance were identified. Pik, Piz5, Pi9 and Pish can be used as candidate resistance genes for rice breeding since their specific resistance differed from those of the backbone parents in Guangdong, China. Gene pyramiding of Pikh [or Pi1(t)], Pi9 (or Piz5) and Pish (or Pita2) will be effective to obtain broad-spectrum blast resistance in rice breeding program in Guangdong, China. The strategies for studying and application of rice blast resistance genes were discussed.     

稻瘟病主效抗性基因对广东省籼稻稻瘟病菌的抗性评价

对来自不同抗源的30个抗稻瘟病单基因系进行了小种专化抗性及田间抗性的分析和评价。30个单基因系对163个广东省稻瘟病菌株的抗谱介于0.6%~89.6%,大多数单基因系对测试的病菌表现出较窄的抗谱,在病区表现为高度感病,但含有Pikh 和 Pi1(t)的单基因系表现出广谱抗性,抗谱分别为89.6% 和 82.2%,在病区表现出较好的田间抗性。基于抗性基因与163个稻瘟病菌的抗感互作聚类分析,将30个单基因系的小种专化抗性划分为15个类型。主成分因子分析结果表明,其中9个类型的小种专化抗性表现出较大差异,可解释总变异的81.3%。含有Pik、Piz5、Pi9、Pish的单基因系在小种专化抗性上有别于广东省骨干亲本,这些基因在今后抗性育种中可重点引入。Pikh\[或 Pi1（t）\]、Pi9（或 Piz5）及Pish（或 Pita2）的基因聚合有利于提高广东省水稻品种对该地区稻瘟病菌的抗谱。并就稻瘟病抗性基因的研究及利用策略进行了讨论。     

Physiological Macro-lesions Enhanced Resistance to Blast （Magnaporthe grisea） in Rice Near-isogenic Lines

Roll-leaf-1 （rl-1） and spot-leaf-1 （spl-1） were two near-isogenic lines, which were obtained after 3 to 4 backcrosses with early season indica rice Zhefu 802 as recurrent parent. Henna macro-lesions, referred as physiological or morphological markers, began to appear on leaves at 4.5- to 6.0-leaf stage. The rice seedlings were inoculated at 3.5-, 5.0- and 7.0-leaf stages with high pathogenic races Zhong A1 and Zhong B1 of Magnaporthe grisea, respectively. The resistance of rl-1, spl-1 and Zhefu 802 against blast was significantly different. The seedlings of Zhefu 802 at 3.5- to 7.0-leaf stage were susceptible to races Zhong A1 and Zhong B1 of M. grisea, whereas those of rl-1 and spl-1 at 3.5-, 5.0- and 7.0-leaf stages were susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant, respectively. These results suggested that the enhanced resistance of rl-1 and spl-1 related to the appearance of their morphological marker lesions. The experiment provided a basis for studying lesion mimic and hypersensitive response in association with disease resistance.     

中国常用水稻保持系及恢复系开花灌浆期耐热性评价

 以我国常用的15个水稻保持系和26个丰产性较好的恢复系为材料,于主茎见穗当天起连续15 d进行高温胁迫处理（9:00-15:00,39~43  ℃）,研究花期高温胁迫对水稻保持系和恢复系结实特性的影响。结果表明,根据高温胁迫指数,可把水稻品种分为热钝感型、耐热型、不耐热型和热敏感型等4个类型。其中,水稻保持系K22B、博白B和V20B为热钝感型材料,Ⅱ 32B、中浙B和中9B为热敏感型材料;水稻恢复系明恢63耐热性最强,其次为R207和P929,P62 2 2、R8006 和P51等耐热性最弱。进一步分析表明,高温胁迫指数与水稻在自然条件下结实率、空壳率和秕谷率之间相关不显著,但与胁迫环境下结实率和空壳率的相关性均达极显著水平。花期高温胁迫致使水稻保持系和恢复系结实率下降,空壳率大幅度上升。     

具抗稻瘟病基因Pi25杂交稻恢复系的分子标记辅助选育

 从组合中156/谷梅2号所衍生的重组自交系群体中选择携带抗稻瘟病基因Pi25的3个株系,分别与高产恢复系9308和3 11配组,通过单粒传法获得的6个F6重组自交系群体用于研究。在Pi25先前定位的遗传图谱上,新增加与该基因紧密连锁的分子标记RM3330和A7,并结合RM3330和A7分子标记辅助选择的结果,共筛选到了109个Pi25基因纯合的株系。用现有的与恢复基因连锁的标记对这109个株系进行二次筛选,最终获得20个Pi25基因和恢复基因均纯合的株系。对育性恢复力鉴定试验表明,选育出的抗病恢复系具有较好的恢复能力,并已应用于育种实践;人工稻瘟病接种试验证实,所用标记不同,分子标记辅助选择的效率差异显著,单个标记辅助选择符合率均不高,而采用目标基因两侧连锁的标记同时进行辅助选择,则可以明显提高分子标记辅助选择符合率。     

高抗稻瘟病三系杂交稻恢复系泸恢37的选育及应用

泸恢37是四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所利用蜀恢527/多恢57的杂交后代F7优良株系与四川省农科院植保所提供的抗稻瘟病种质资源04R-1051杂交育成的籼型恢复系。泸恢37含有Pikm和Pik-1基因,具有高抗稻瘟病、恢复力和配合力强、制种产量高的特点。泸恢37于2012年8月通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会组织的专家技术鉴定。利用该恢复系配制的组合产量高、抗性强、适应性广,其中,川香优37于2013年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

优质抗稻瘟病水稻恢复系成恢177的选育与利用

成恢177系四川省农科院作物研究所用籼型恢复系绵恢502与美国光身稻Lemont杂交，后代通过花药培养和病圃稻瘟病抗性鉴定选育而成的优质、抗稻瘟病、高配合力、强恢复力水稻恢复系。成恢177已配组出川香优2号、冈优177、中优177和D优177等4个组合通过国家或省级品种审定，也作为稻瘟病抗性资源在杂交水稻育种中应用。     

优质抗稻瘟病恢复系HR107的选育与应用

HR107是恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院用多系1号与恩恢995杂交F1作母本,Milyang 83作父本杂交,经连续多年自交选育而成的优质抗稻瘟病中籼水稻恢复系。所配组合宜香1A/HR107、乐丰A/HR107和金23A/HR107分别于2008年和2010年通过湖北省审定。本文介绍了HR107的特征特性及应用情况。     

籼稻强恢复系闽恢3139的选育与应用

闽恢3139是福建省农科院生物技术研究所用明恢70与盐恢559杂交育成的籼型强恢复系,具有株型好、恢复谱广、配合力强、抗稻瘟病和制种产量高等特点。与野败型、印水型、D型、矮败型及红莲型不育系配组,均表现出较强的杂种优势,其中杂交稻新组合Ⅱ优3139、谷优3139于2006年分别通过福建省和江西省品种审定。     

抗稻瘟病恢复系黔恢101选育及安优101的应用

稻瘟病是危害水稻生产的主要病害,分子标记辅助选择(MAS)已经成为选育抗病品种的重要方法.本研究以含有广谱抗性基因pi9的DW808为供体亲本,导入区域适应性好的受体亲本R894;经过分子标记检测、田间自然鉴定、人工接种鉴定,选育出中抗稻瘟病的恢复系黔恢101;其组合安优101于2017年参加贵州省水稻区域试验,201...     

恢复系丽恢6216的选育及系列组合的应用

用赤块矮选和ＩＲ５０作抗源供体，在恢复系ＩＲ２６、ＩＲ２４作轮回新本，将多个抗病基因（目标性状）导入到丽恢６２１６中。该恢复系的配合力、米质等特性也比ＩＲ２６、ＩＲ２４有相应的提高和改进，并且对浙南山区的稻瘟病菌生理小种具有广谱抗性，用它组配筛选得到的系列组合综合性状优良，其中新组合汕优６２１６和Ⅱ优６２１６已先后通过浙江省品种审定和国家级区试。     

水稻稻瘟病菌胁迫应答cDNA片段的表达及定位

以抗稻瘟病品系G205为材料,应用cDNA微阵列分别获得了一个受稻瘟病菌诱导的含NBS LRR的cDNA克隆（暂命名为RIM1, rice induced by Magnaporthe grisea）和一个受稻瘟病菌抑制的编码腈水解酶（Nitrilase）的cDNA克隆（暂命名为NIT）,并通过Northern得到证实。RFLP分析将RIM1和NIT分别定位于水稻第2和第3染色体上,它们均位于控制水稻稻瘟病部分抗性QTL区间。     

优质抗稻瘟病恢复系恩恢66的选育与利用

恩恢66是湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院用自育抗稻瘟病中间材料006-17(恩恢58/1468F6)作父本,四川农业大学选育的蜀恢527作母本进行杂交选育而成的早中熟中籼恢复系,具有优质、抗稻瘟病、恢复力强、配合力好、花粉量足等特点。与中9A配组育成的早熟杂交水稻新组合中9优恩66米质达国标优质稻谷2级标准,2013年通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

应用分子标记辅助选择培育抗稻瘟病恢复系R153

稻瘟病是危害水稻最严重的病害之一.培育抗稻瘟病的水稻品种是减少因病害损失的有效方法.本研究以携带稻瘟病抗性等位基因Pi25的品系BL108为供体、恢复系恢11-32为受体,应用该抗性基因的连锁标记Si13070C和功能标记CAP3/BglⅡ进行分子标记辅助选择,培育出携带Pi25抗性等位基因的恢复系R153,经福建省上...     

转hrf1基因水稻对稻瘟病多小种非专化的稳定抗性

以表达水稻白叶枯病菌（Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae）编码harpin广谱抗性激发子的hrf1基因的转基因系为材料,在温室和田间病圃鉴定它们对稻瘟病菌的抗性,分析转基因水稻抗稻瘟病的作用机制。研究结果显示,转hrf1基因水稻对稻瘟病菌ZC3、ZD1和ZG1小种表现高抗,对ZB13表现中抗,表明hrf1基因在水稻中表达可以产生非小种专化抗性。在稻瘟病圃中对水稻稻瘟病抗性鉴定结果显示,转hrf1基因水稻在T1、T3、T5和T7代对稻瘟病菌都表现很好的抗性,表明转hrf1基因水稻对稻瘟病菌的抗性能稳定遗传。 转hrf1基因抗病水稻中防卫反应基因OsPR1a、OsPR1b、PAL和Chia4a以及正向调控水杨酸介导信号传导的NPR1基因的表达显著增强。转基因抗病水稻中硅含量显著提高。Harpin编码基因在水稻中表达,可能通过激发水稻中防卫反应基因的表达,提高水稻中硅含量等,从而使水稻产生对稻瘟病菌的广谱抗性。     

分子标记辅助选择改良水稻恢复系香5的病虫抗性

香5是由湖北省农科院选育的优质两系杂交稻恢复系,所配组合广两优5号(广占63-4S/香5)于2013年通过了湖北省审定.利用回交和分子标记辅助选择技术,将供体亲本MD12086-1351中的抗稻瘟病基因Pi9、抗褐飞虱基因Bph14、Bph15和抗白叶枯病基因Xa23渗入到香5背景中,育成了3个同时携带Pi9、Bph14、Bph15和Xa23基因的新株系.鉴定结果表明,新株系的叶瘟抗性明显提高,穗颈瘟抗性部分提高,苗期抗褐飞虱,分蘖盛期高抗白叶枯病;产量、主要农艺性状、香味和稻米品质主要指标与香5相似.新株系所配的组合在产量、主要农艺性状上与香5所配的组合相似.表明新株系可以作为香5的替代系用于培育抗稻瘟病、抗褐飞虱和抗白叶枯病的两系杂交稻新组合.     

稗草病原真菌AAE的分子鉴定及其粗蛋白诱导水稻的稻瘟病抗性

从感病稗草标样上分离到一株病原真菌AAE,其粗蛋白预处理的水稻幼苗接种稻瘟病菌后,稻瘟病的发病显著减轻,诱抗效果达23.55%。用PCR技术扩增了该菌的内转录间隔区基因序列,并进行了测序,GenBank登录号为EF192234。BLAST同源检索结果显示与该序列高度同源的均为链格孢属的内转录间隔区基因序列。选取同源性高的菌株的内转录间隔区基因序列进行系统发育分析,发现菌株AAE与Alternaria alternata处于同一分枝,相似性为99.2%,结合形态特征将它鉴定为Alternaria alternata。     

Sensitivity Detection Technique and Resistance Risk Assessment of Magnaporthe grisea to Tricyclazole

In vitro detection method for the sensitivity of Magnaporthe grisea to tricyclazole was studied, and the potential resistance risk of blast disease to tricyclazole was assessed. Both EC5o of hyphal melanization (ECso-H) and minimum inhibitive concentration of melanization in appressorial (MIC-A) by inhibitor tricyclazole showed positive correlation to the EC5o of tricyclazole against blast disease tested in vivo, with relative co-efficiency (R2) of 0.8995 and 0.8244, respectively. However, stability and reproducibility of ECso-H were better than those of MIC-A, suggesting that it could be used to detect the sensitivity of M. grisea to tricyclazole in vitro. Tricyclazole sensitivity of the progenies derived from single spores of the most sensitive isolate DY2 and the least sensitive isolate GY6 detected in sensitivity monitoring in 2000 was not stable, with mean EC50 values of 4.4968μg/mL and 5.4010μg/mL, respectively, indicating that the difference in EC5o between DY2 and GY6 was not caused probably by resistance variation. EC5o of GY6 did not increase significantly when continuously selected for twenty generations under the selection pressure of tricyclazole in vivo. However, the sensitivity of DY2 was decreased by 10-fold after selected for twenty generations.The results suggested that tricyclazole was still low resistance risk for M. grisea in China.