鸡传染性贫血病的实验室诊断技术

鸡传染性贫血病是由鸡贫血病毒（CAV）引起的一种病毒性传染病,是鸡的主要免疫抑制病之一。从该病的病料采集和处理、病毒分离、鉴定和血清学诊断等方面介绍了该病的实验室诊断技术,旨在为该病的诊断和防治提供参考。     

鸡传染性贫血病研究新进展

鸡传染性贫血病 (ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓａｎｅｍｉａ,ＣＩＡ)又称为贫血因子病、蓝翅病、贫血性 -真皮炎、出血综合征等 ,是继鸡传染性法氏囊病 (ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓｂｕｒｓａｌｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＩＢＤ)之后新发现的一种鸡的免疫抑制病。 1979年由Ｙｕａｓａ等首次于日本报道[1] 。该病以再生障碍性贫血、淋巴器官组织萎缩、皮下和肌肉出血、泛血细胞减少为特征。本病存在于所有主要养禽业国家 ,是一种世界范围内分布的重要禽病之一。1　病原及其特征ＣＩＡ的病原是鸡贫血病病毒 (ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎａｎｅｍｉａｖｉｒｕｓ,Ｃ…     

鸡传染性贫血病的诊断与防控

鸡传染性贫血是由传染性贫血病毒引起的鸡的一种传染病,以再生障碍性贫血、全身淋巴组织萎缩、皮下和肌肉出血为主要特征。该病为免疫抑制性疾病,死亡率高。从该病的病原、流行病学特点、临床症状、诊断与防控等方面进行阐述,以期为科学防控鸡传染性贫血病提供参考。     

鸡传染性贫血病研究进展

鸡传染性贫血病(CIA)又称贫血因子病、蓝翅病、贫血性真皮炎、出血综合症等,是鸡的一种免疫抑制病。该病以再生障碍性贫血、淋巴器官组织萎缩、皮下和肌肉出血、泛血细胞减少为特征。是由鸡传染性贫血病毒(CIAV)引起发病。本病存在于所有主要养禽业国家,1979年由Yuasa等首次于日本报道,中国于1992年首次分离到该病病毒。随后周文平等在河南、山东、江苏、辽宁、吉林等地的鸡群中也陆续分离到CIAV。此病通过垂直与水平传播引起临床与亚临床感染,使鸡只对马立克病毒(MDV)、网状内皮细胞增生病毒(REV)、法氏囊病毒(IBDV)、新城疫病毒(…     

鸡传染性贫血病的诊断及相关情况观察

鸡传染性贫血病(CIA)是由鸡贫血病病毒(CAV)引起。以损害造血、淋巴器官导致雏鸡再生障碍性贫血，全身淋巴组织萎缩及死亡率升高为特征的一种免疫抑制病。根据临床表现，本病又称贫血因子病、蓝翅病、出血性综合症和贫血性皮炎综合症等等。CAV于1979年由日本学者首次报道，此后，相继在西德、瑞典、英国、美国等10多个国家陆续证实了本病的发生，我国于1992年首次在东北某鸡场(从美国引进尼克种鸡的后代)，分离到CAV，但直到目前为止，现场暴发CIA的报道尚不多见。     

鸡传染性贫血的实验室诊断及防治措施

鸡传染性贫血是由鸡传染性贫血病毒引起的鸡的一种免疫抑制性疾病,主要特征是再生障碍性贫血和全身淋巴组织萎缩,是继传染性法氏囊后又一种重要的免疫抑制病,该病死亡率高,对养鸡业威胁很大。就鸡传染性贫血病的临床症状、病理变化、实验室诊断要点等方面进行了阐述,并提出了相应的防治措施。     

鸡传染性贫血病的诊断与防治

鸡传染性贫血病是由鸡传染性贫血病毒所导致的再生障碍性贫血,并且会出现全身性淋巴组织萎缩的一种免疫抑制性疾病。这种病通常会伴随着并发和继发病毒,同时会造成细菌和真菌感染,鸡群患病的严重程度主要取决于鸡只的大小、毒株毒力强弱以及并发病的种类[1]。据相关调查可知,鸡感染该病后的死亡率较高,所以需要慎重对待。     

鸡传染性贫血的实验室诊断及防治措施

鸡传染性贫血是由鸡传染性贫血病毒引起的鸡的一种免疫抑制性疾病,主要特征是再生障碍性贫血和全身淋巴组织萎缩,是继传染性法氏囊后又一种重要的免疫抑制病,该病死亡率高,对养鸡业威胁很大.就鸡传染性贫血病的临床症状、病理变化、实验室诊断要点等方面进行了阐述,并提出了相应的防治措施.     

鸡传染性贫血病研究进展

鸡传染性贫血病(CIA)是由鸡传染性贫血病毒(CIAV)引起的,雏鸡以再生障碍性贫血和免疫抑制为主要特征的传染病。病鸡全身淋巴组织萎缩,皮下和肌肉出血,有较高的死亡率,该病又称为出血性综合征或贫血性皮炎综合征。日本Yuasa等于1979年首次报道了本病1。之后相继在德国、瑞典、英国、丹麦、波兰、澳大利亚等国也有CIA报道2。1992年,我国也分离到了病毒3。     

鸡传染性贫血的流行趋势及影响研究慨况

鸡传染性贫血病（Chicken infections anemia，CIA）是由鸡传染性贫血病毒（Chicken infections anemia virus，CIAv）引起的一种以鸡再生障碍性贫血和淋巴组织萎缩为主要特征的一种免疫抑制性传染病。本病于1979年首次由Yuasa在日本发现，并分离到病原，此后相继在欧洲、亚洲、非洲、北美洲、南美洲及大洋洲的多个国家均有发生。     

抗牛布鲁氏菌独特型抗体杂交瘤细胞（Ｆ９）的生长和代谢

用RPMI1640培养基对抗牛布鲁氏菌独特型抗体杂交瘤细胞株(F9)进行培养，并对其生长代谢进行测定。该细胞不论接种1.1×10     

马睾丸石蜡切片制作前期处理条件的优化

目的优化石蜡切片制作前期处理——固定和脱水条件。方法对比Bouin固定液与4%多聚甲醛两种不同固定液在4 ℃和室温不同时长下的固定效果;对比6 h和18 h时长的脱水效果。结果4%多聚甲醛4 ℃固定24 h后进行18 h脱水或Bouin 4 ℃或者常温固定24 h后进行6 h脱水均能达到有效支持后期石蜡切片制作的目的。结论Bouin固定液常温固定24 h后进行6 h脱水处理可作为野外采取马睾丸组织制作石蜡切片最佳的前期处理方案。     

长大长与杜长嵊杂交组合猪肥育效果的比较

在我公司现有的饲养条件下，对40头内元猪和40头外元猪进行了肥育比较试验，结果表明长大长猪料重比2.87∶1，杜长嵊猪2.83∶1；长大长猪日增重452g，杜长嵊猪日增重460g；成活率杜长嵊猪100%，长大长猪95%；；杜长嵊猪的肉质等级也比长大长猪略高。     

感染鸡贫血病毒雏鸡接种新城疫疫苗后局部粘膜免疫功能的变化

雏鸡1日龄感染鸡贫血病毒（CAV），8日龄接种Lasota疫苗，以未感染免疫雏鸡为对照，于免疫后7、14、28d检测其哈德尔腺和盲肠扁桃体T细胞及IgG^ 、IgM^ 、IgA^ 抗体生成细胞数量，泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中IgG、IgM、IgA含量以及泪液、胆汁HI抗体滴度的动态变化。揭示了感染CAV雏鸡接种ND疫苗免疫后哈德尔腺、盲肠扁桃体的T细胞和IgG^ 、IgM^ 、IgA^ 抗体生成细胞数量，泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA含量以及泪液、胆汁HI抗体滴度，均较未感染免疫雏鸡明显减少。表明眼部、呼吸道和消化道局部粘膜免疫防御能力减弱。     

灌喂石榴汁对大鼠体重及粪便和盲肠中鞣花酸、尿石素A含量的影响

目的通过给SD大鼠灌喂石榴汁,研究其体重增加和粪便及盲肠内容中鞣花酸及尿石素A含量,为深层次研究鞣花酸及尿石素A的生物学作用提供数据支持。方法选择24只平均体重为（169.08±7.88）g的雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3组,每组8只,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组。在相同日粮基础上,试验Ⅰ组大鼠每天每只灌喂1.5 mL石榴汁,试验Ⅱ组大鼠每天每只灌喂3.0 mL石榴汁,并获取大鼠体重数据及采集粪便及盲肠内容物样品。结果①试验Ⅱ组大鼠日增重显著（P<0.05）高于对照组,比对照组高36.32%;②灌喂石榴汁显著（P<0.05）增加大鼠粪便鞣花酸和尿石素A的含量;③灌喂石榴汁后,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组大鼠盲肠中鞣花酸和尿石素A的含量均极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组。结论给大鼠灌喂石榴汁可以显著提高大鼠体重,显著或极显著提高大鼠粪便和盲肠内容中鞣花酸和尿石素A的含量,且灌喂3 mL/（只·d）效果最佳。     

Response of grain yield and related agronomic traits of oilseed flax to diversified cropping rotations北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to identify a suitable planting pattern for oilseed flax production in a dry-farming region. A long-term field experiment was started in 2012 with a 4-year crop rotation cycle,designed to measure the effects on flax crop performance of previous crop,and various patterns of flax planting interval within the four-year rotation,compared with continuous flax cropping. Crop parameters measured included plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the experiment included six different crop rotation patterns：Flax→flax →flax→flax［（F）FFF］;Flax→wheat→potato→flax［（F）WPF］;Flax→potato→flax→wheat［（F）PFW］;Flax→ flax→wheat→potato［（F）FWP］;Flax→wheat→flax→potato［（F）WFP］and flax→wheat→potato→wheat［（F）WPW］. Results for the ninth year showed significantly increased grain yield（29. 89%-109. 57%）in crop rotation treatments compared with continuous cropping of oilseed flax. The ranking of the six tested rotations for yield was：（F）WPW>（F）FWP>（F）WFP>（F）PFW>（F）WPF>（F）FFF. The grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly affected by previous crop,frequency and years interval of flax cropping and number of years of continuous flax cropping. Yield was increased by 54. 45%-59. 29% under wheat stubble and potato stubble compared with oilseed flax stubble,and increased by 30. 66% and 109. 57%,respectively,under 50% and 25% frequencies,compared with 100% frequency. The grain yield of oilseed flax under two-year continuous cropping was higher by 29. 89% than four-year continuous cropping,and increased with increase in years interval between flax crops. Correlation analysis identified a significantly positive correlation between oilseed flax grain yield and effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight. The effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight of oilseed flax under rotation treatment were increased by 35. 88%-108. 91%,15. 47%-46. 19% and 14. 61%-16. 34%,respectively（P<0. 05）,compared with continuous cropping. In addition,the high grain yield of oilseed flax was accompanied by an increase in plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and these increases were,respectively,5. 11%-42. 24%,2. 77%-39. 92% and 31. 25%-117. 89% under the rotation regimes,compared with continuous cropping. Reduction in the number of years of continuous cropping years,change of crop stubble,decreased flax planting frequency and increased of interval between flax crops also improved flax crop performance. In summary,crop rotation improved the vigor of oilseed flax,resulting in greater plant height and stem diameter,improved dry matter accumulation and distribution,leading to increased branch number,effective capsule number and 1000-seed weight,and increase in the crop yield of oilseed flax. The results indicated that a multiple-crop rotation pattern was an effective way to avoid the yield reduction caused by continuous cropping in oilseed flax. The rotation： Flax→wheat→potato→wheat performed best among those tested and can be recommended as an appropriate cropping rotation for oilseed flax production in the dry region of northwest China. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Chicken anemia virus induced apoptosis: underlying molecular mechanisms

In 1990, the chicken anemia virus (CAV) genome was cloned by us and proven to be representative for CAV isolates worldwide. This genome contains unique promoter/enhancer replication elements and genes. Upon infection of its target cells, CAV replicates via a double-stranded (ds) DNA intermediate. From this ds CAV molecule, a single mRNA is transcribed, which encodes for three distinct proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 or apoptin. Its capsid contains only the VP1 protein. However, for the production of the neutralizing epitope, co-synthesis of VP1 and VP2 are needed. CAV genomes with mutations in the 12 bp insert of the promoter/enhancer region were shown to produce immunogenic functional CAV particles. Mutations in these and other regulatory elements of CAV might also decrease its virus load resulting in a reduced pathogenic effect. CAV causes fatal cytopathogenic effects in e.g. chicken thymocytes via apoptosis. Under in vitro conditions, CAV replicates only in transformed chicken cell lines, which indicates that at least a part of the CAV life-cycle requires transformed-like cellular events. In these transformed cell lines, the synthesis of the apoptin protein alone mimics the CAV-induced apoptosis, whereas the VP2 protein also harbors some apoptotic activity. Extensive studies on apoptin resulted in the characterization of domains essential for its apoptotic activity and nuclear localization, which seems to be related with its ability to induce apoptosis. Therefore, both VP2 and apoptin are of interest in reducing the pathogenicity of CAV infections. A series of biomedical studies on apoptin have been carried out in human cell systems, which are informative about the mechanism of CAV-induced apoptosis in chicken (transformed) cells. Synthesis of apoptin alone induces apoptosis in various human transformed and/or tumorigenic cell lines, but not in normal human diploid cells. A striking difference in the cellular localization of apoptin was observed in human normal diploid cells versus tumor cells. In all tumor cells, apoptin is located mainly in the heterochromatic regions of the nucleus, whereas in normal cells it is present in peri-nuclear structures. Apoptin contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal, and one domain that resemble a nuclear export signal. Elucidation of parts of the apoptin-induced apoptotic pathway revealed unique characteristics: apoptin-induced apoptosis is independent of the tumor suppressor p53. The anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 does not inhibit but even accelerates apoptin-induced apoptosis in tumor cells, whereas over expression of Bcl-2 in normal cells has no effect on the apoptin activity. Upstream caspases are not involved, whereas downstream caspase 3 is, but seems not to be essential. A number of novel proteins were shown to interact with apoptin in transformed cells. Future studies of apoptin, VP2 and related cellular proteins in chicken cells will unravel the regulatory aspects of CAV-induced apoptosis.     

猪单条13/17罗伯逊易位染色体的显微分离与LA-PCR扩增

以13/17罗伯逊易位纯合子猪［2n=36，XY或XX，rob(13;17)］为试验材料，制备其有丝分裂中期染色体，利用显微分离技术对13/17罗伯逊易位染色体进行分离，并将单条染色体进行LA-PCR扩增，其扩增片段大小主要在200~2800 bp；对LA-PCR扩增产物用猪13、17号染色体近着丝点微卫星标记SWR1941和SWR1120与Southern杂交2种方法进行鉴定，结果表明LA-PCR产物来源于13/17罗伯逊易位染色体。该方法的成功建立为进一步从分子水平上研究家猪13/17罗伯逊易位所引起的表型效应的遗传机制以及筛选猪13和17号染色体上新的分子遗传标记奠定了基础。     

Persistent infection with chicken anaemia virus and some effects of highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus infection on its persistency

Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) infectivity and the effect of highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus (hv IBDV) infection on CAV's infectivity were examined in chickens inoculated with CAV or inoculated dually with CAV and hv IBDV. Five chickens inoculated dually with hv IBDV at 35 days old and then with CAV at 40 days old exhibited no clinical signs of disease, but showed atrophic bursae of Fabricius when necropsied 4 weeks later. Upon examining the chickens at 7 days postinoculation (dpi) with CAV, it was found that hv IBDV infection had inhibited production of virus neutralising (VN) antibody to CAV, and that it was possible to recover CAV from plasma of these chickens. Although VN antibody to CAV appeared after 14 dpi, CAV was recovered from blood cells (BC s) at high titres ranging from 10(2.5)to 10(5.5)TCID(50)/0.1 ml, 7 to 28 dpi in IBDV -induced immunosuppressed chickens. In addition, CAV was sporadically recovered, using rectal swabs, from the dually inoculated chickens at low titers, ranging from 10(1.0)to 10(2. 0)TCID(50)/0.1 ml). In contrast, although CAV was recovered from BC s in most of the chickens inoculated with CAV alone, the titers were lower (10(1.0)to 10(2.5)TCID(50)/0.1 ml). No CAV was detected from the rectal swabs of these chickens. The results of virus recovery were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. This study first examined the persistency of CAV in BC s and the effective enhancement of primary CAV infection as a result of immunosuppression caused by hv IBDV infection.     

Polymerase chain reaction amplification for direct detection of chicken anemia virus DNA in tissues and sera.

Direct detection of chicken anemia virus (CAV) DNA in tissues and sera was investigated by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Using a pair of primers constructed to amplify the coding sequence of the CAV DNA genome, the PCR assay was shown to be extremely sensitive, being able to detect 1 fg of CAV replicative form DNA. The oligonucleotide primers used for the PCR yielded 583 base-pair (bp) amplified product, which was sized by ethidium bromide-agarose gel electrophoresis. Tissue samples from seven cases of suspected chicken infectious anemia were obtained for CAV isolation. DNA extracted from the homogenized suspension of pooled tissues of each case was analyzed by the PCR assay. Results showed that five of the seven cases were positive for CAV DNA by PCR, whereas CAV was isolated from four cases only. The PCR assay also detected CAV DNA in two of 37 serum samples from disease-free chickens. The specificity of PCR was confirmed by chemiluminescence dot-blot analysis of the amplified products.