鹅蛋与鸡蛋孵化条件控制的差异分析

以鹅与鸡的生态习性、鹅蛋与鸡蛋理化特性方面的差异为基础,分析了鹅蛋在孵前处理、孵化温度、相对湿度、翻蛋、晾蛋与通风控制等相关孵化条件方面与鸡蛋的差异,有利于更好地指导孵化生产.     

鸡蛋鹅蛋同机孵化试验研究

本次试验采用鸡蛋、鹅蛋同机孵化。在孵化过程中，关键抓好准确控温、看胚施温、眼皮感温三项技术措施，取得了较好的孵化效果。鸡蛋受精蛋孵化率９４ ．８ ％ ，鹅蛋受精蛋孵化率７８ ．６ ％ 。     

鹅的人工孵化效果分析

鹅蛋大（相对鸡蛋和鸭蛋），壳厚，脂肪含量比较高，单位散热面积较小，孵化期较长，受精蛋孵化率低于鸡和鸭的受精蛋孵化率。所以，对鹅的孵化效果进行分析总结，找出孵化过程中存在的问题，有助于孵化率的提高。     

鹅蛋孵化与鸡蛋孵化有啥区别

1.孵化期不同,鹅蛋为30天,鸡蛋为21天. 2.鹅蛋孵化后期要凉蛋,因为鹅蛋大,且脂肪含量高,孵化到18天后胚蛋脂肪代谢加强,产热量越来越多,多余热量要散发出去,因此,从孵化第18天后每天要凉蛋2次,上下午各1次,每次约30分钟,蛋温凉至36.6℃左右,凉蛋结束后要向蛋面上喷洒30℃温水,以促进胚蛋降温和增加蛋面湿度.     

用好电孵机提高孵化率

在种蛋优良、孵化条件掌握得当时,鸡蛋的孵化期为2l天,鸭蛋28天,鹅蛋32天。怎样用好电孵化机,提高孵化率呢?现简述如下: 1 孵化温度 是所有孵化条件中对孵化率和健雏率起决定性作用的因素。孵化的用温制度为2种:一是变温孵化,适用于整台孵化机上满相同胚胎种蛋的情况;二是恒温孵化,适用于在一台孵化机中分批上蛋,并采     

孵化后期凉蛋可以提高鸭、鹅孵化率

鸭、鹅蛋体积大 ,单位重量的表面积又小 ,本身散热能力比鸡蛋差 ,因此 ,孵化后半期必须凉蛋。具体方法如下。用 1个孵化器进行孵化时 ,每天应打开机门 2次 ,把孵化18～ 2 4d的蛋盘从架上抽出 2 / 3,从 2 5d后移盘到出雏 ,每天定时凉蛋 2次 ,间隔地抽出蛋盘。如果蛋温过高 ,则将蛋盘抽出机外放冷 ,再送入机内。一般凉蛋时间是 30～ 4 0min/次 ,具体时间根据实际情况而定。使用 2个孵化器进行孵化时 ,第 1～ 15天在甲机孵化 ,10 0℃ ,湿度 6 5 % ,不用凉蛋 ;第 16～ 2 6天在乙机孵化 ,温度99.5～ 10 0 .0℃ ,湿度 5 0 % ,每天定时抽蛋盘在机外…     

鸭胚的凉蛋与喷水在鸡蛋、鸭蛋同机孵化中的应用效果

鸭胚的凉蛋与喷水在鸡蛋、鸭蛋同机孵化中的应用效果孙淼（安徽省安庆市农科所）由于受生产条件的限制，我所种禽场于１９８６年春季将鸡蛋、鸭蛋进行同机孵化，鸭蛋的孵化成绩很不理想。作者到此场实习后，对鸭胚采取了凉蛋与喷水措施，鸭蛋的孵化率得到了大幅度的提高。...     

鹅蛋人工孵化技术简述

鹅蛋孵化在浙江省大部分地区仍习惯采用鹅抱窝天然孵化,机器孵化尚未普及,这极大地制约了浙江省养鹅生产的发展。我们采用机摊结合的孵化方法———前期机器孵化、后期摊床孵化,经15批次64500个鹅蛋的孵化,受精蛋孵化率为84.8%,入孵蛋孵化率为70.9%,达到甚至超过母鹅的天然孵化     

鹅仿生孵化技术要点

由于鹅种蛋的特殊结构,致使人工孵化率低。若采用仿生孵禽温箱,可显著提高鹅蛋孵化率。1仿生孵化箱的组成仿生孵化箱由立式圆型箱和卧式平型箱配套组成。在孵化前期鹅蛋温度低，将种蛋置于立式圆型箱内孵化。利用圆型箱圆周与圆心等距离热辐射均匀的特点．使鹅蛋各部位受热均匀，鹅蛋孵至17d后，胚蛋自温逐渐升高，不仅要求温度相应恒定，而且需要足够的氧气、湿度和凉蛋。     

用仿生孵化器孵化肉鹅技术

1仿生孵化箱的组成仿生孵化箱由立式圆型箱和卧式平型箱配套组成。在孵化前期鹅蛋自温低,将种蛋置于立式圆型箱内孵化,利用圆型箱圆周与圆心等距离热辐射均匀的特点,使鹅蛋各部位受热均匀;孵至17天后,胚蛋自温逐渐升高,需要足够的氧气、湿度,此时应将肉鹅蛋由立式箱转至卧式箱孵化,通过向卧式箱注冷水或热水可准确调节蛋温在所需范围内,同时通过升高、降低、加厚、减薄或开启孵化箱的覆盖物以调节中后期胚蛋的供氧、凉蛋、加湿等问题。2肉鹅蛋的结构特点肉鹅蛋壳厚,光滑而坚硬,不易破碎,气孔封得很严,直接影响了气体交换、水分蒸发、热能传…     

鹅蛋与鸭蛋生物学特性的比较

作者旨在研究地方品种鹅蛋与鸭蛋的生物学特性差异。同期采集固始白鹅种蛋56枚,淮南麻鸭种蛋64枚,对外部特征和内部品质进行对比。结果表明二者之间存在较大差异,鹅蛋与鸭蛋各指标分别为：蛋重（159.1 g,62.17 g）、蛋比重（1.119,1.094）、蛋壳厚度（0.514 mm,0.311 mm）、哈氏单位（107.77,86.14）、蛋黄比例（38.12%,30.28%）、蛋壳比例（12.32%,11.19%）,以上指标鹅蛋均高于鸭蛋。鸭蛋蛋黄色泽优于鹅蛋,罗氏比色鸭蛋、鹅蛋分别为11.33和4.52。鸭蛋的血肉斑率达到12.5%,明显高于鹅蛋的3.57%,需要通过育种手段来降低。     

一种从鸭新分离的黄病毒研究初报

从以产蛋下降为主的樱桃谷种鸭以及出现神经症状的雏鸭各分离出1株病毒,分别命名为BZ株和LC株.该2株病毒对SPF鸡胚和健康鸭胚均能产生相同的病变,分离病毒不能凝集鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等的红细胞,在鸭胚成纤维细胞(DEF)能够产生典型的细胞病变(CPE),电镜下观察到约50 nm的病毒粒子.病理组织学研究表明,二者在临床上均可导致脑组织危害,表现为脑膜水肿、血管充血和皮质层神经胶质细胞增生等.血清学检测表明,分离病毒与禽流感病毒(AIV)、鸭瘟病毒(DEV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)等病原无交叉.生物学特性鉴定该病原为有囊膜单股RNA病毒.利用不同禽病的特异性引物分别进行PCR或RT-PCR,均未扩增出特异条带.设计随机引物进行RT-PCR,扩增出基因片段,利用GenBank进行Blast同源比较,结果发现,分离病毒与以色列火鸡脑膜脑炎病毒(Israelturkey meningo-encephlitis virus,TMEV)和在马来西亚发现的Tembumu病毒至少在2段基因上具有较高的同源性,属于黄病毒属.测序表明,分离病毒与Tembumu病毒的非结构蛋白(NS5基因)和囊膜蛋白(E基因)的核苷酸同源性为86.7%～90.2%和87.0%～91.8%,与TMEV的NS5基因和E基因的同源性为72.4%～73.2%和72.7%～72.8%.2分离株之间E基因和NS5基因的核苷酸同源性均为99.5%.血清中和试验表明,BZ株阳性血清可以中和LC病毒,因此证实二者可能是同一种病毒.综合以上研究,建议将该病命名为"鸭病毒性脑炎"(Duck viral encephalitis disease).     

籽鹅种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数对孵化效果影响的研究

本试验旨在研究不同水平蛋重与蛋形指数对籽鹅种蛋孵化效果的影响,进而总结出种蛋筛选的最佳方案,为籽鹅个体、家系种蛋的选留及籽鹅的繁衍、孵化、生产提供科学参考。选取二年籽鹅种蛋2 469枚,蛋重为94.8~154.4 g,平均蛋重（123.3±9.5）g;蛋形指数为1.24~1.63,平均蛋形指数1.45±0.05。采用2因素4水平试验设计,将所有种蛋按蛋重与蛋形指数分成16个孵化组（蛋重与蛋形指数分别分为4个水平）,测量每枚种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数,并在蛋壳上做好编号,在相同孵化条件、同一孵化设备中进行两次孵化试验。结果表明,①蛋重<118.0 g组种蛋受精率最高,>131.9 g组次之;>131.9 g组种蛋受精蛋孵化率最高,125.0~131.9 g组次之,且受精蛋孵化率随着蛋重增大升高;125.0~131.9 g组种蛋孵化健雏率最高,>131.9 g组次之;>131.9 g组种蛋孵出鹅雏出生重最大。②蛋形指数在1.47~1.51组种蛋受精率及种蛋孵化健雏率最高,>1.51组次之;1.47~1.51组种蛋受精蛋孵化率最高,1.42~1.46组次之。分析以上结果可得出：籽鹅种蛋蛋重对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率、鹅雏出生重有显著影响（P<0.05）,以籽鹅蛋重在125.0~154.4 g为宜;蛋形指数对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率亦有显著影响（P<0.05）,对种蛋孵出鹅雏出生重无影响（P>0.05）,以蛋形指数在1.47~1.51为宜。籽鹅种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数对受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率、鹅雏出生重的影响均存在交互作用。其中,蛋形指数对种蛋孵化健雏率的影响较蛋重强,其作为单一因素对鹅雏出生重无影响。以上结果表明,以蛋重或蛋形指数任一因素作为种蛋筛选的依据都不科学,应综合考虑以达到种蛋优选的目的。     

Impact of Hatching Egg Weight and Egg Shape Index on Hatching Results in Zi Goose

This paper was aimed to study the impact of hatching egg weights and egg shape indexs on hatching of Zi goose,and then sum up the best scheme for hatching eggs screening,so as to provide scientific reference for the selection and retention of Zi goose individuals and family hatching eggs,as well as the breeding and incubation production.2469 hatching eggs of Zi geese of the second year were chosen with the weight range of 94.8 to 154.4 g and an average weight of (123.3±9.5) g;the egg shape index range was 1.24~1.63 and the average index was 1.45±0.05.Using 2 factors 4 levels test design,the weight and the shape index of eggs were divided into four levels and all the eggs were separated into 16 hatching groups.The weight and the shape index were measured and labeled on eggshells.Two hatching experiments were conducted in the same instrument and the hatching conditions were same.The results showed that:① Egg fertility rate was the highest in egg weight <118.0 g group,followed by >131.9 g group;Hatchability of fertilized eggs was the highest in >131.9 g group,followed by 125.0~131.9 g group,and the hatchability of fertilized eggs increased along with the increase of egg weight;The highest healthy chick rate of breeding egg hatching lay in 125.0~131.9 g group,followed by >131.9 g group;The highest breeding egg hatching gosling birth weight lay in >131.9 group.② When egg shape index was between 1.47 to 1.51,the egg fertility rate and healthy chick rate were the highest,followed by >1.51 group;In the group 1.47 to 1.51,hatchability of fertilized eggs was the highest,followed by 1.42 to 1.46 group.In conclusion,hatching egg weight of Zi goose had significant impact on egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs,healthy chick rate and gosling birth weight (P<0.05),and the egg weight of Zi goose between 125.0~154.4 g was advisable;on the other hand,egg shape index also had significant impact on egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs and healthy chick rate (P<0.05),but had no impact on gosling birth weight (P>0.05),and the egg shape index between 1.47 to 1.51 was appropriate.Egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs,healthy chick rate and gosling birth weight were affected by interaction of egg weight and shape index.Compared with the weight of eggs,the egg shape index had greater influence on healthy geese rate.The egg shape index had no direct impact on birth weight of young geese,but it could be influenced by the interaction between the egg shape index and the weight.Thus it was not very scientific to take either the weight or the index as the only basis for choosing qualified hatching eggs.     

鹅类新城疫病原研究

用鹅胚分别从扬州地区附近两地患病鹅群的病鹅肝、脾中分离到2株病毒,电镜观察病毒颗粒大小不等,形态不一,具有囊膜和纤突结构,病毒粒子大小100～300nm。两毒株能凝集鸡和人O型红细胞,并为鹅康复血清所抑制,对鹅、鸡及鹅胚、鸡胚、鸭胚都有致病力,但对鸭无致病力,人工感染健康鹅可复制出与自然病例一致的病状,病毒对鹅胚LD（50）为10(10.4）,MDT67．4h,鹅的LD（50）为10(7.5)。用鸡新城疫Ⅰ系苗对该鹅病有良好预防效果。根据病毒鉴定、临床表现及免疫效果将该病暂定为鹅类新城疫。     

不同光源对固始白鹅种蛋质量的影响

为了分析不同光源对固始白鹅种蛋质量的影响,分别用白炽灯和荧光灯作为光源对两栋鹅舍的固始白鹅进行人工补充光照,研究不同光源处理下种鹅蛋壳重量、蛋壳厚度（钝端、中间、锐端）、蛋形指数和种蛋受精率等指标变化。结果表明：用白炽灯和荧光灯作为光源,种蛋各项指标均有不同程度的差异,但蛋壳重量、蛋壳厚度和蛋形指数之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;种蛋受精率荧光灯组平均为80.94%,白炽灯组平均为70.43%,两组差异显著（P〈0.05）。表明用荧光灯作为补充光源,能显著提高固始白鹅种蛋受精率。     

饮水中添加沼液对提高产蛋性能的实验

在蛋鸡日粮中添加一定比例沼液进行饲喂效果观察结果表明:实验组50%产蛋龄为142d,比对照组短17d:高峰期产蛋率添加沼液的实验组比未添加的对照组高10%:19~72周龄产蛋率比对照组高13%,总产蛋率比对照组高出12%。平均蛋重实验组高于对照组7%;料蛋比低于对照组5%。实验组比对照组只鸡净收入多增加7.85元,提高18%。     

Egg yolk fatty acid profile of avian species – influence on human nutrition

Lipids are an important nutritional component of the avian egg. A review of the literature was completed to determine the fatty acid compositions in egg yolk from some avian species. Additionally, the nutritional influence of lipid and lipoprotein content on the plasma of male participants during 30‐day feeding was discussed. The ostrich eggs had the highest unsaturated fatty acid and the lowest cholesterol content in relation to other avian species. Ostrich had a higher proportion of 18:3n‐3 (p < 0.01) compared with other species. Chicken yolk numerically contained much higher levels of 22:6n‐3 than those found in turkeys, quails and geese, but the amount of 22:6n‐3 in ostrich egg was lower by comparison with other species (p < 0.01). After the storage of eggs at the room temperature, there was a notable loss of vitamin E (vitE) in the yolks of all species and this decrease was marginal (p < 0.01) in ostrich compared with other species. There were significant (p < 0.05) increases in plasma low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) level in all male subjects. Plasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level decreased (p < 0.05) only in men who were fed chicken or ostrich eggs daily. Consumption of different species’ eggs had no influence on the total male plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. LDL‐C:HDL‐C ratio increased (p < 0.05) after goose and turkey egg consumption. Consumption of one egg/month by healthy human subjects had no effect on serum total cholesterol and triglyceride. The LDL‐C:HDL‐C ratio (which is a strong predictor of coronary heart disease risk) increased, although non‐significantly, by consuming chicken, quail and ostrich eggs.     

家禽蛋内壳膜厚度的组织学测定

本文利用组织学方法测定了鸡、鸭、鹅、家鸽和鹌鹑五种家禽蛋内壳膜（内、外膜）的厚度，其顺序为：鹅＞鸭＞鹌鹑＞家鸽，其蛋壳膜厚度与蛋白与蛋的大小及蛋壳强度存在着一定的相关。     

Comparative antibacterial activity of avian egg white protein extracts

1. Egg white proteins from the eggs of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and goose (Anser anser) were analysed in order to compare the antimicrobial activity of these products. 2. Albumen from each species was sampled and analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Antimicrobial activity and lysozyme activity were measured. 3. Ovotransferrin and ovalbumin were identified in all species while c-type lysozyme was present in chicken, turkey and duck egg white samples, but not in goose. 4. Galliformes appear to possess albumens with greater antimicrobial activity than those of the Anseriformes. This can be attributed to higher concentrations of ovotransferrin and the broad acting c-type lysozyme.