蒲公英保健馒头的制作工艺研究

采用一次发酵法工艺,研究蒲公英用量以及pH值、和面时间、轧面次数、醒发时间等生产工艺条件对蒲公英保健馒头品质的影响。结果表明,在1kg面粉中加入20g蒲公英的浸提液来代替水进行和面,得到的馒头品质较好;在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,确定蒲公英馒头的最佳制作工艺条件为和面时间15min、轧面次数15次、醒发时间45min、pH值6．6。     

柿子馒头生产工艺的研究

柿子馒头可作为一种保健食品,在国内有着广阔的市场。研究了采用一次发酵法工艺生产柿子馒头的柿子用量、不同的pH值、和面时间、压面次数、饧发时间等生产工艺对馒头品质的影响。     

苦荞花叶粉馒头工艺配方研究

将苦荞花叶粉添加到面粉中,通过和面、发酵、成型、蒸制等工艺制成适合糖尿病人食用的苦荞花叶粉馒头。采用三因素三水平正交试验,得出苦荞花叶粉馒头的最佳工艺配方为苦荞花叶粉添加量20%,加水量90%,醒发时间2 h,此工艺条件下馒头的综合品质较好。     

响应面法优化新疆卡提拉玛加工工艺研究

以高筋小麦粉为主要原料,采用一次发酵法制作新疆卡提拉玛,以新疆卡提拉玛的感官评价值为考察指标,比较了和面时间、发酵时间、焙烤时间、面火温度、底火温度等加工工艺条件对新疆卡提拉玛感官品质的影响。通过加工工艺响应面优化试验得出影响新疆卡提拉玛感官品质的因素从大到小依次是:B(发酵时间)D(面火温度)E(底火温度)C(焙烤时间)A(和面时间)。响应面优化得出最佳试验条件为:和面时间30 min,发酵时间61 min,焙烤时间20 min,面火温度201℃,底火温度182℃,在此条件下制得的新疆卡提拉玛感官品质最佳,口感醇香、色泽金黄、质地酥脆、层次分明、无焦糊现象、具有奶皮特有香气,感官品质评分为92.47分。该研究为新疆卡提拉玛的实际生产与加工提供了理论依据。     

醒发过程中菌相变化对面团生化指标及青麦仁馒头感官品质的影响

为提高青麦仁馒头蒸制品质,以青麦仁面团为研究对象,通过研究其醒发过程中菌相变化,探讨其与面团醒发过程中生化指标（水分含量、TTA、pH）及青麦仁馒头感官品质的相关性。结果显示,随着面团醒发时间的延长,醋酸菌数量及总酸呈缓慢升高趋势,pH呈下降趋势;酵母菌、乳酸菌的数量先升后降,在醒发40min时达到最大值,此时含水量最高。相关性分析表明,面团醒发过程中菌相与生化指标及青麦仁馒头感官品质均具有相关性。其中,菌落总数与pH呈极显著相关（p＜0.01）,与含水量、总酸及感官评分呈显著相关（p＜0.05）;酵母菌与pH、含水量及感官品质呈极显著相关;乳酸菌与感官评分呈极显著相关;醋酸菌与pH、总酸呈极显著相关。面团醒发40min时蒸制的青麦仁馒头感官评分最高,达82.75分;对青麦仁馒头感官品质影响最大的是酵母菌和乳酸菌。     

复合菌粉发酵馒头的工艺优化

通过复合菌粉发酵馒头的单因素实验,选出最佳酵母菌粉添加量为0.1～0.2g,乳酸菌粉添加量为0.05～0.15g,最佳醒发温度为28～32℃。将乳酸菌粉量、酵母菌粉量和不同醒发温度对感官品质的影响进行三因素三水平正交实验。研究结果表明,Y-3为0.15g,L-25为0.1g,醒发温度为32℃为最优工艺。质构分析验证了该条件下馒头质构指标也是最优。     

蒿菜面条的研制

以蒿菜粉、面粉为主要原料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过L_9(3~4)正交试验对蒿菜面条加工工艺进行优化,结果表明,蒿菜面条的最佳制作工艺条件为:蒿菜粉添加量1.0%、加水量36%、和面时间3 min、压片后醒发时间30 min,在此工艺条件下制得的蒿菜面条呈浅绿色,表面较光滑,耐咀嚼,口感较爽滑,略有淡淡的苦涩蒿菜味,平均感官品质评分为71.7分。     

黑米小麦粉馒头冷冻面团品质的研究

为提高黑米小麦粉馒头冷冻面团品质,以馒头感官评价为指标,研究黑米小麦粉馒头面团的被膜处理、辐照处理、酵母用量、冻前发酵时间、蒸前醒发时间、不同组合的添加剂对黑米小麦粉馒头冷冻面团的影响。结果表明,小麦粉馒头面团被膜处理、酵母用量为1%,冻前发酵时间为1 h,蒸前醒发时间为45 min,添加剂为羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)0.075%,抗坏血酸(VC)0.21%,单甘脂(GMS)0.35%可以得到品质良好的黑米小麦粉冷冻面团。     

一种绿豆水面包的加工工艺研究

以绿豆沙加工过程产生的绿豆水作为面包加工过程中的和面用水,将其进行综合利用。正交试验结果表明,绿豆水面包的最佳配方为绿豆水添加量55%,活性干酵母添加量3.0%,面包改良剂添加量0.3%,白砂糖添加量20%;最佳制作工艺为醒发时间2 h,醒发温度40℃,烘焙温度200℃,烘焙时间22 min。     

响应面法优化预烤冷冻面包工艺的研究

本研究筛选了预烤冷冻面包的原料小麦粉,利用单因素试验和响应曲面法优化预烤冷冻面包的最佳工艺参数,并进行品质评价。结果表明,结合小麦粉的基础成分与流变学特性的检测判断,确定金沙河富强高筋小麦粉为预烤冷冻面包原料粉;通过单因素和响应面试验,得出影响复烤面包品质各因素的主次顺序为：醒发温度＞醒发时间＞预烤时间＞预烤温度,其中醒发时间与预烤温度、醒发温度与预烤时间交互作用显著;最佳工艺参数为：醒发时间105 min,醒发温度35 ℃,预烤时间10 min,预烤温度180 ℃;在此最佳参数下,复烤面包的硬度、咀嚼性、胶着性、黏聚性、回复性和弹性等质构特性及感官品质均优于单因素效果,表面颜色均匀呈金黄色,有少量均匀气孔,横切面气孔细密,排列均匀,大小适中,面包支撑力好。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结果显示,预烤冷冻面包可见充足、连续的面筋蛋白网络结构,淀粉颗粒大小均匀,得以完整地包裹其中。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

The Simulation of Comfort of Nine DOF of Automobile

Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.