鹿胎制剂及其对老年雌性大鼠血清脂质过氧化和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以老年雌性大鼠为试验动物,研究了16个鹿胎制剂组方对老年大鼠血清脂质过氧化和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:鹿胎制剂能显著降低大鼠血清MDA含量(P<0.01)。大鼠血清SOD活性提高了17.78%(P<0.05);说明鹿胎制剂具有不同程度抗脂质过氧化作用。从抗脂质过氧化作用效果看,鹿胎制剂组方,鹿胎粉、西洋参、中药C、中药D和蜂花粉的最佳配比为40∶5∶0.9∶2∶16。     

鹿胎制剂对老年雌性大鼠免疫指标的影响

以老年雌性Wister大鼠为研究对象,研究在正常饮水中添加不同鹿胎制剂对老年雌性大鼠免疫指标的影响。结果表明,在日粮中添加鹿胎制剂可以显著提高老年雌性大鼠血清中总蛋白含量,增强老年雌性大鼠机体免疫力,其中以组方二(鹿胎粉、人参、党参、蜂花粉)效果最佳。     

不同鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠免疫机能影响的研究

研究了鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠免疫器官指数、血清球蛋白含量和巨噬细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数的影响。结果表明,鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠胸腺和脾脏指数影响不显著(P>0.05);但提高了老年雄性大鼠血清球蛋白含量,其中鹿胎制剂Ⅰ号组最高,比对照组高出62.64%,与其他各组相比有显著差异(P<0.05);鹿胎制剂Ⅱ号组和人胎盘粉处理组大鼠巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数与对照组相比有极显著提高(P<0.01),说明鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠具有提高免疫机能的作用。     

中药方剂治疗鸡沙门氏菌病的效果分析

选用患有鸡沙门氏菌病6日龄黄羽肉鸡120羽,随机分为5组,对照组、抗生素组、组方中药Ⅰ组、组方中药Ⅱ组和组方中药Ⅲ组,对照组不作治疗处理,抗生素组用2.5mL/kg的环丙沙星饮水治疗;组方中药Ⅰ组、组方中药Ⅱ组和组方中药Ⅲ组分别利用自拟的组方试剂2.0mL/kg、4.0mL/kg、6.0mL/kg拌料饲喂;每组24羽,分3个平行,每个平行8羽;试验治疗疗程5d,观察期7d;试验过程记录鸡群的精神及死亡情况。结果显示,抗生素组和组方中药Ⅱ组的治愈率显著高于组方中药Ⅰ组和组方中药Ⅲ组(P<0.05);组方中药Ⅱ组有效率显著的高于抗生素组、组方中药Ⅰ组和组方中药Ⅲ组(P<0.05);组方中药Ⅱ组的总有效率显著高于抗生素组和组方中药Ⅲ组(P<0.05),极显著的高于组方中药Ⅰ组(P<0.01);组方中药Ⅱ组死亡率显著低于抗生素组和中药组方Ⅲ组,极显著的低于中药组方Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。4.0mL/kg组方中药用量在治疗鸡沙门氏菌病上的效果最优。     

3种藏药材方剂对鸡感染新城疫病毒的临床疗效

采用3种藏药材组方制剂(简称组方1、2、3)和1种藏药成方制剂(简称珍珠丸)对300羽1日龄健康罗曼雏鸡人工感染新城疫病毒(NDV)的临床疗效进行研究。结果表明:3种藏药材组方制剂中组方1的死亡率、抗体效价与病毒对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),说明组方1不具有抗NDV的作用;组方2的死亡率、抗体效价与病毒对照组均差异显著(0.01相似文献   

发酵中药对肉仔鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

180只1日龄雄性AA肉仔鸡随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,分别饲喂以下日粮:A对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B中药组,饲喂基础日粮+0.5%中药;C发酵中药组饲喂基础日粮+0.5%发酵中药,研究了中药(黄芪、贯众、板蓝根、何首乌、山楂、女贞子、艾叶)及发酵中药制剂对肉仔鸡血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:①中药组6~7周仔鸡采食量明显下降,第7周平均体重显著低于对照组(P<0.05),发酵中药组仔鸡6~7周平均采食量(P<0.05)、第7周平均体重(P<0.05)均显著高于中药组;②中药对肉仔鸡血液中尿酸含量、尿素氮和肌酐含量没有显著影响,但发酵中药组的尿酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),肌酐含量显著低于对照组;③发酵中药组仔鸡血液总胆红素含量显著高于中药组(P<0.05),极显著的高于对照组(P<0.01),直接胆红素含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),间接胆红素的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01)和中药组(P<0.01);④中药组丙氨酸转氨酶和天门冬氨酸转氨酶的活性明显下降,并且天门冬氨酸转氨酶的活性均显著的低于对照组(P<0.05),发酵中药组丙氨酸转氨酶和天门冬氨酸转氨酶的活性没有明显变化,试验结果表明,无论从生产性能还是对生化指标影响上,发酵中药组在肉仔鸡的使用效果均优于中药组。     

升阳益气中药组方对产蛋中后期蛋鸡生产性能以及蛋品质的影响

试验旨在考察中药组方对产蛋中后期蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质的影响。试验选取了120只300日龄新杨黑羽蛋鸡，随机分为对照组、组方高剂量组、组方中剂量组和组方低剂量组4个处理组，每组5个重复，每个重复6只鸡。适应性喂养7 d之后，连续7 d饲喂中药组方调制日粮，随后统一饲喂基础日粮21 d,共28 d为1个周期，进行为期70 d的试验。试验结果显示，试验5周后，3个组方饲喂组料蛋比均出现下降，组方高剂量组产蛋率提高效果最为显著，组方高剂量组产蛋率至试验最后1周与对照组相比仍有极显著差异(P<0.01)。组方高剂量组鸡蛋哈弗单位值与对照组相比有极显著的改善效果(P<0.001);在第3个中药组方饲喂周，3个组方饲喂组蛋壳强度与对照组相比均有极显著改善(P<0.001),鸡蛋颜色也有显著改善效果(P<0.05)。综上，不同剂量的中药组方均可以改善产蛋中后期蛋鸡的生产性能和鸡蛋品质，组方高剂量饲喂组效果更明显。     

三种中药组方“三效增蛋散”对鸡产蛋后期生产性能的影响

为了评价三种中药组方"三效增蛋散"对鸡产蛋后期生产性能的影响,试验将200只400日龄的罗曼商品蛋鸡随机分为4组,每组50只,以2 g/只中药复方制剂混饲30 d。结果表明:3个中药组方组的产蛋量、蛋均重和产蛋率等指标均优于对照组,其中中药组方Ⅱ组的产蛋率差异极显著(P0.01),各中药组方之间的差异不显著(P0.05)。说明3个中药组方均可有效提高产蛋率和产蛋量,降低料蛋比,提高经济效益,其中以中药组方Ⅱ的效果最好。     

防治奶牛乳房炎中药组方的筛选及其抑菌杀菌作用研究

试验根据中兽医治疗奶牛乳房炎的辨证施治原则,筛选出抑制引起奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌(金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌)的最佳中药组方,为其临床防治提供新的途径与方法。选用蒲公英、马齿苋、金银花、紫花地丁、赤芍、白芍、菊花、黄芩、漏芦、红花10味中药,通过L_(12)(2~(11))正交试验初步筛选抗菌中药组方中的最佳优选因素,再通过L_(16)(4~5)正交试验进一步筛选药物组方配比;采用牛津杯法测定中药组方对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌的体外抑菌效果;采用二倍稀释法和平板计数法分别测定中药组方对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示,通过L_(12)(2~(11))正交试验初步筛选出了抗菌中药组方最佳优选因素:赤芍、黄芩、红花、菊花和白芍;L_(16)(4~5)正交试验进一步筛选药物组方最佳配比为黄芩∶赤芍∶菊花∶白芍∶红花=3∶3∶3∶1∶2;新药组方对大肠杆菌的抑菌直径为17.39mm,MIC和MBC分别为62.50、125.00mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌直径为25.44mm,MIC和MBC均为31.25mg/mL。本研究成功筛选出了一种对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌具有良好抑菌、杀菌作用的中药新配比组方。     

日粮中不同来源多不饱和脂肪酸对育肥猪生长性能和猪肉脂肪酸组成的影响

选取125日龄,体重为60kg左右的杜×长×大三元去势肥育猪32头,随机分为4组,每组8头,公母各半。对照组添加2%猪油,3个试验组分别添加3%亚麻油、3%鱼油和1.5%亚麻油+1.5%鱼油,研究日粮中不同来源脂肪酸对育肥猪生长性能和猪肉脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:1)日粮中添加不同油脂对猪生长性能无显著影响;2)日粮中添加3%亚麻油、3%鱼油以及1.5%亚麻油+1.5%鱼油组,可以使猪肉中的C18∶3分别提高236.9%(P<0.01)、27.1%(P>0.05)和204.9%(P<0.01);C20∶5分别提高142.4%(P<0.01)、732.9%(P<0.01)和360.5%(P<0.01);C22∶5分别提高24.0%(P>0.05)、40.5%(P<0.05)和36.4%(P<0.05);C22∶6分别提高5.6%(P>0.05)、222.2%(P<0.01)和136.9%(P<0.01);总n-3PUFA的含量提高131.2%(P<0.01)、317.2%(P<0.01)和223.0%(P<0.01);3)各试验组猪肉中总n-3PUFA的含量显著提高,n-6/n-3的值显著降低。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.