Mechanical properties of breathable waterproof fabrics with seaming and sealing processes

Waterproof fabrics are seamed and sealed by waterproof sealing tape to prevent water from penetrating through the stitch holes. As this process may change the mechanical properties of breathable waterproof fabric related to its deformation with human body, the changes in mechanical properties were investigated. In both of parallel and perpendicular directions, tensile characteristics were remarkably changed with seaming and sealing processes. The increase of LT and WT means that the clothing sealed by waterproofing tape may produce somewhat discomfort feeling. On the other hand, the bridge of the sewing thread seemed to be reinforced by waterproofing tape. Shear characteristics such as G, 2HG, and 2HG5 gradually increased with seaming and sealing processes in parallel direction. However, they decreased with sealing process in perpendicular direction because the seam line work as an axis located at the center of the testing range.     

Sensory evaluation of fabric touch by free modulus magnitude estimation

Fabric touch was evaluated psychophysically in order to determine the relationship between mechanical properties and subjective sensation. For subjective touch sensation, eight aspects such as hardness, smoothness, coarseness, coolness, pliability, crispness, heaviness and thickness were evaluated using free modulus magnitude estimation (FMME) technique. KES-FB was used to measure the mechanical properties of fabrics. Woolen fabric with the highest values of WC and weight was evaluated as the coarsest, heaviest and thickest. While silk crepe de chine with the lowest LT, G, 2HG, thickness and weight was rated as smoother and more pliable than any other fabrics. And flax with the highest values of LT and SMD was evaluated as hard, cool and crisp. Fabric touch and satisfaction were predicted well from the mechanical properties, especially from SMD, by regression analysis. Satisfaction for touch increased as smoothness increased.     

Effects of softeners and laundering on the handle of knitted PLA filament fabrics

We have studied the effects of softeners and repeated laundering on the handle of knitted fabrics constructed from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filament yarns derived from corn-starch. The fabrics were assessed: a) subjectively, via a panel of volunteers, in terms of their perceived softness and ‘scroopiness’; and b) objectively, using a Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-F), in terms of their low-stress mechanical properties. The study employed two fabric variants and a range of commercial softeners in an attempt to determine the combination that would provide optimal handle and durability to laundering. We found the standard KES-F parameters B, 2HB, G, 2HG, and SMD to be generally well-correlated with the subjective assessment of softness and scroopiness. Although repeated laundering reduced somewhat the beneficial effects of the softeners, this deterioration was not severe, and we were able to identify specific formulations that can provide good handle coupled with acceptable durability. The fabric handle was seen to be influenced by the chemical nature of the softening agent, the type of emulsion employed and the degree of hydrophobicity (assessed in terms of wettability); on the other hand, the ionicity of the softener appeared not to play a significant role.     

Variation in the contents of crude protein fractions of different forage legumes during the spring growth

The pattern of crude protein (CP) fractions with advancing maturity during a primary spring growth of forage legumes was investigated on freeze‐dried samples of fresh forage using the method of chemical CP fractionation according to the ‘Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System’ (CNCPS). The CP of white clover (WC), red clover (RC), lucerne (LU), birdsfoot trefoil (BT) and Kura clover (KC) was separated into five fractions (A, B₁, B₂, B₃ and C), which are assumed to have different rates and extents of ruminal degradation. Ruminally undegraded dietary CP (RUP) was predicted on the basis of the CP fractions using regression equations that were developed for fresh forage assuming ruminal passage rates of 2, 5 and 8% h^?1 (RUP_2,5,8). Maturity stage did not affect the soluble CP fractions of the legumes but increased fraction B₃ in RC and WC and fraction C of all forages except WC. The estimated RUP values of the legumes increased with advancing maturity. The mean values for RUP₅ across all harvest dates for WC, RC, LU, BT and KU were 154, 271, 226, 287 and 212 g kg^?1 CP respectively. BT and RC had the highest amount of RUP across all harvest dates and passage rates (159–372 and 134–324 g kg^?1 CP respectively). This observation may be related to the advanced stage of vegetation of both species at the harvest dates compared with the other legumes and to condensed tannins in BT and to products of polyphenol oxidase activity in RC.     

Development of zero formaldehyde easy care finishing system by using nano titanium dioxide with citric acid and its impact on physical properties

The Performance of nano TiO₂ with citric acid cross-linker was assessed by using pad-dry-cure method on cotton fabric. Significant increase in crease recovery performance was observed which was previously only associated with the lengthy ultraviolet irradiation process. The optimum amount of only 0.1 % nano TiO₂ was needed with the citric acid to exhibit significant increase in easy care performance of the fabric. Typically, application of a cross-linker to cellulosics will impart a deleterious effect on the softness of the fabric; however, incorporation of nano-TiO₂ with the citric acid cross-linker significantly improved the softness of the fabric which was reflected in the mean deviation of coefficient of friction (MMD) and interyarn friction (2HG5) KES-F values. In addition, there was improvement in tensile strength retention of the fabric as well.     

Effect of enzyme treatment and wood pulp variation on physical characteristics and fabric hand of lyocell fabrics

The purpose of the research was to examine the effect of three different levels of enzyme treatment on the physical characteristics and the end-use suitability of the lyocell fabrics made with four different types of commercial wood pulp. The appropriate enzyme concentration for obtaining an optimum as well as consistent physical characteristics and fabric hand trait was 3 g/l for the concentration levels tested in the present investigation. Weight loss was more affected by higher enzyme concentration than other physical properties. H2 was least affected by enzyme treatment for all three physical properties and fabric hand. 5 g/l concentration exhibited little difference from 3 g/l in the physical characteristics, whereas the KES-FB values indicated a significant loss of fabric hand in most PHVs with the 5 g/l concentration level. Among different garment parameters, all four fabric types were relatively inappropriate for the men’s slacks (MS) fabric due to the lower hand value of koshi required by the MS parameter. However, despite the relatively low koshi values, high fukurami values required for men’s dress shirt (MWDS) resulted in the highest THV among the four garment parmeters. The four fabric types, which represent the usage of four different wood pulps, in general seem to exhibit a higher applicability to women’s winter thin dress (WWTD) than women’s winter suit (WWS) garment parameter.     

Comparative study of direct and indirect evaluations of frost tolerance in barley

The aim of this paper was to compare different field, laboratory and physiological methods for the evaluation of frost tolerance in barley; as well as to show both the possibilities and limitations of these individual methods and approaches. The tolerances of 39 barley cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated by four direct methods (based on the exposure of plants to frost) and three indirect (based on diagnostic traits and markers). The direct methods included the evaluation of: (1) field survival after five winters 1999–2004; (2) winter survival in a provocation pot test under natural conditions; (3) lethal temperature (LT50) of plants taken from a field in winter; and (4) LT50 of plants grown and hardened in a growth chamber. The indirect methods were based upon: (1) endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA); (2) water content (WC); (3) osmotic potential (OP) of the plants cultivated and hardened in growth chambers. All four direct methods correlated well with one another, and resulted in similar sequences of frost tolerance of the tested barley cultivars and lines. While it was only possible to distinguish individual barley cultivars based on field survival after the 2002/2003 winter, by using the provocation method it was possible to distinguish between barley cultivars after all of the winters. Moreover, the average winter survival of barley from multi-year pot tests was in correlation with the minimal LT50, evaluated in plants hardened in both the field or in growth chambers. From indirect indicators, the levels of ABA increased slightly, while WC and OP clearly decreased in all cultivars during cold hardening. No correlation was observed between LT50 and the ABA content. A significant correlation between LT50 and WC, and between LT50 and OP was found, but only after 1 or more weeks of cold acclimation of the plants had been completed, since both the duration and the rate of decline of these parameters differed in individual cultivars during the cold hardening. The LT50-values of barley cultivars not only accurately characterized their field tolerance to frost, but also were indicative of changes associated with the induction of frost tolerance in plants under the given conditions, when comparing the direct and indirect methods.     

Effects of material properties and fabric structure characteristics of graduated compression stockings (GCS) on the skin pressure distributions

Graduated compression stockings (GCS) have been widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous diseases. Their gradient pressure function largely related to their fabric structure and material properties. By combing fabric physical testing and wear trials, this study investigated the GCSs fabric structure and material properties at different locations along the stocking hoses, and quantitatively analyzed the effects of fabrics on skin pressure longitudinal and transverse distributions. We concluded that, Structural characteristics and material properties of stocking fabrics were not uniform along the hoses, but a gradual variation from ankle to thigh regions, which significantly influenced the corresponding skin pressure gradient distributions; Tensile (WT, EM) and shearing properties (G) generated most significant differences among ankle, knee and thigh regions along the stocking hose, which significantly influenced the skin pressure lognitudinal gradient distribution. More material indices generating significant gradual changes occurred in the fabric wale direction along stocking hose, meaning that materials properties in wale direction would exert more important impact on the skin pressure gradient performances. And, the greater tensibility and smoother surface of fabric in wale direction would contribute to put stocking on and off, and facilitate wearers’ leg extension-flexion movements. The indices of WT and EM of stocking fabrics in series A have strong linear correlations with skin pressure lognitudinal distribution, which largely related to their better performances in gradual changes of material properties. Skin pressure applied by fabric with same material properties produced pronounced differences among four different directions around certain cross-sections of human leg, especially at the ankle region; and, the skin pressure magnitudes at ankle region were more easily influenced by the materials properties, which were considered to be largely related to the anatomic structure of human leg.     

Modeling the functional compression properties of hand-knotted carpets using factorial design and response surface methodology

The most performance quality of cut-pile carpets is related to mechanical behavior of surface piles under compression loading in use. In this study, main purpose was to achieve the predictive models of the functional compression properties of carpet including work of compression (WC), compressional resilience (RC), linearity of compression-thickness curve (LC), and thickness loss (TL) after recovery on hand-knotted carpets with symmetric (Turkish) knot. Eighteen hand-knotted carpet samples with different structural specifications were produced. Meanwhile, compression properties were investigated in new and worn out carpet samples by a Hexapod tumbler tester in 4000 and 12000 revolutions. Factorial experimental design and response surface method were applied for modeling of each compression properties. To optimize the initial models the Box-Cox transformation was used. In the final models, contribution of different variables was also determined. The models showed a desirable fit and high adjusted R² values were observed. The ANOVA test showed that the obtained models are valid at 5 % level significant.     

Effects of including bioactive legumes in grass silage on digestion parameters,nitrogen balance and methane emissions in sheep

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of feeding sheep with silage mixtures containing bioactive legumes on intake and digestive parameters. The bioactive legumes used were sainfoin (SF, Onobrychis viciifolia) and red clover (RC, Trifolium pratense), which contain condensed tannins (CT) and polyphenol oxidase respectively. Five treatments were assigned to two groups of sheep according to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. The five types of silages tested were, on a dry matter (DM) basis: pure timothy grass silage (Phleum pratense, control, T), three binary mixtures of T‐SF, T‐RC and RC‐SF (500 g/kg each) and a ternary mixture of T‐RC‐SF (500, 250 and 250 g/kg respectively). The daily voluntary DM intake of silage mixtures containing both SF and RC was greater than for pure T silage, while the presence of SF resulted in lower organic matter digestibility compared to pure T. The rumen disappearance rate measured in situ increased linearly with the presence of SF and RC in silage. The nitrogen (N) digestibility was greater for pure T and T‐RC than for T‐SF, and the amount of N retained daily by the animals was greater for RC‐containing silages than for T and T‐SF. The methane (CH₄) yield was greater for pure T than for the silage mixtures containing SF. We conclude that the presence of RC in silage could boost performances through intake and N retention, while SF‐based mixtures appear to have reduced negative environmental impacts through the reduction of CH₄ emissions.     

Integrated graphical presentation of fabric sound and mechanical properties

This paper proposes a new model capable of predicting frictional sounds of woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and vapor permeable water repellent fabrics by measuring the relationships between their sound parameters and mechanical properties. We conducted an experiment in which fabric frictional sounds were recorded and analyzed. A total of 217 specimens consisting of woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and vapor permeable water repellent fabrics were sampled, and their frictional sounds recorded using a Sound Quality System. Sound parameters of fabrics including SPL (Sound Pressure Level), Loudness (Z), Sharpness (Z), and mechanical properties by Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) were obtained. The relation between sound parameters and mechanical properties were analyzed by multiple regressions. Specimens were divided into 3 clusters using mechanical properties selected by stepwise selection method, and the mechanical properties of each cluster were investigated. Specimens were classified into clusters having high level of SPL and Loudness (Z), high level of Sharpness (Z), and middle level of Loudness (Z) and Sharpness (Z), which means that sound parameters are well verified by mechanical properties of the specimens. Mechanical properties relevant to each sound parameter were mapped on two dimensional spaces by integrated graphical presentation. SPL showed high positive correlation coefficients with MMD and LT. Loudness (Z) was well predicted by 2HG5 and Sharpness (Z) by MIU.     

Mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of polypropylene non-woven fabrics reinforced with POSS and SiO2 nanoparticles

PP/POSS and PP/SiO₂ composite non-woven fabrics filled with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and SiO₂ respectively using a convenient blending method were prepared through melt-blown process with corona charging. The morphology of the composite fibers and the distribution of POSS and SiO₂ nanoparticles in PP matrix were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FSEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. POSS and SiO₂ can act as nucleating agent and accelerate the crystallization process during nonisothermal cooling. The shear storage modulus G??, loss modulus G??, and complex viscosity ??* of non-woven fabric reduce when 1 wt % POSS was added and increase for PP5/POSS composite non-woven fabric compared with pure PP non-woven fabrics. However, all G??, G?? and ??* of PP/SiO₂ non-woven fabric decrease with increasing SiO₂ content owing to plasticization by SiO₂. Both stress and elongation at break of the PP/POSS melt-blown non-woven fabrics are improved compared with PP non-woven fabrics, however decrease when SiO₂ was added, as compared to the neat PP non-woven fabric. The onset temperature of decomposition for both the PP/POSS and PP/SiO₂ composite non-woven fabrics is higher (5?C10 °C) than pure PP and char content is increased with increasing POSS and SiO₂.     

转α-微管蛋白基因SoTUA甘蔗T2代的生理生化特性分析

本研究对已获得的转α-微管蛋白基因SoTUA的T₂代甘蔗株系进行PCR扩增及测序,从检测阳性的转基因甘蔗中选6个转基因株系（T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6）与非转基因野生型甘蔗对照（WT）进行了低温胁迫（4 ℃）处理,在处理0、5、10 d测定甘蔗叶片丙二醛（MDA）和渗透调节物（可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白）含量以及过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,并采用RT-qPCR法分析了低温处理下甘蔗叶片α-微管蛋白基因的表达情况。结果表明：在4 ℃低温处理下,6个转SoTUA基因甘蔗与WT中α-微管蛋白的转录因子表达量随着胁迫时间的延长上调表达。胁迫后5、10 d转基因株系的相对表达量始终高于WT甘蔗,低温处理10 d时转基因T1显著高于其他株系（P<0.05）。在低温胁迫下,甘蔗的MDA含量逐渐增高,而转基因甘蔗增幅显著低于WT甘蔗,10 d时转基因株系MDA的含量比WT低41.77%（P<0.05）;POD活性在不同株系之间变化趋势不同,但转基因甘蔗POD活性显著高于WT甘蔗（P< 0.05）;转基因T1、T2、T4、T6株系的SOD活性随着胁迫天数增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势,而WT与转基因T3、T5的SOD活性逐渐升高;甘蔗的可溶性糖含量逐渐上升,转基因甘蔗的可溶性蛋白含量在0 d显著高于野生型甘蔗,胁迫后变化趋势在株系之间有所差异;转基因甘蔗SoTUA相对表达量与可溶性糖含量呈极显著的正相关。利用隶属函数综合分析评价,抗寒性排序结果为：T3>T2>T1>T5>T6>T4>WT。在低温胁迫下,转基因甘蔗SoTUA基因的上调表达能提高甘蔗的抗寒性,且具有遗传稳定性。     

The effect of early spring grazing and dairy cow grazing intensity on particulate phosphorus losses in surface run‐off

A four‐treatment (UG‐UG, UG‐G, LG‐G and HG‐G) experiment (involving sixteen plots: 3·0 × 7·0 m) examined the effect of early spring grazing intensity on particulate phosphorus (PP) losses in surface run‐off. Ten dairy cows fitted with manure collection ‘bags’ grazed during two short‐term grazing events, Grazing‐1 (23 February) and Grazing‐2 (6 April). During Grazing‐1, two treatments remained ungrazed (UG‐), while treatments LG‐ and HG‐ were lightly grazed and heavily grazed respectively. At Grazing‐2, three treatments were grazed to a similar intensity (‐G), while one remained ungrazed (‐UG). Run‐off was generated at two and 16 days after Grazing‐1 and Grazing‐2 using rainfall simulators (40 mm h^?1) and analysed for a range of P fractions. Grazing had no effect on either dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations or dissolved unreactive P concentrations (mean, 0·15 and 0·16 mg L^?1 respectively) in run‐off. However, PP concentrations increased (P < 0·05) following Grazing‐1 (0·39, 0·53 and 0·72 mg L^?1 with UG‐, LG‐ and HG‐ respectively, Day‐2 Rainfall event), with these effects still evident following Grazing‐2, especially with HG‐G (3·25 mg L^?1). The risk of PP loss in run‐off can be substantially reduced by removing cows from pastures before significant damage to the soil takes place.     

四倍体马铃薯（S．Tuberosum）核型分析

东农３０３（Ｓ．Ｔｕｂｅｒｏｓｕｍ）核型为：２＝４ｘ＝４８＝５×（４）＋５×（４）ＳＭ＋１×（４）ＳＴ＋１×［（２）ＳＴ＋（２）］，组型为：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝１１Ⅳ＋＋（１Ⅱ＋１Ⅱ）＝５Ｍ（Ｂ、Ｅ、Ｇ、Ｋ、Ｌ）＋５ＳＭ（Ａ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｈ、Ｊ）＋１ＳＴ（Ⅰ）＋１［（Ｔ＋ＳＴ）（Ｆ）］。Ｓ４－５－３－６－５－１－５０－（１０）（Ｓ．Ｔｕｂｅｒｏｓｕｍ）核型为：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４８＝４×（４）Ｍ＋６×（４）ＳＭ＋１×（４）ＳＴ＋１×［（２）ＳＴ＋（２）Ｔ］，组型为：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝１１Ⅳ＋（１Ⅱ＋１Ⅱ）＝４Ｍ（Ｅ、Ｇ、Ｋ、Ｌ）＋６ＳＭ（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ，Ｄ、Ｈ、Ｊ）＋１ＳＴ（Ⅰ）＋１［（Ｔ＋ＳＴ）（Ｆ）］。Ａ组与Ｆ组带有髓体，两份供试材料的对应组中染色体略有分化，但基本一致。     

Effect of the drying rate on the complex viscosity of wheat flour dough transforming into crust and crumb during baking

This study aimed at characterizing the effect of hydrothermal dynamics on the dough rheology, in order to develop a complete dough viscosity model valid at different locations during baking. The dough rheology was characterised using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Temperature and water content (WC) were monitored during DMTA. At high heating rates (15–30°C/min), relevant to the top crust, viscosity behaved as if WC was kept constant, in spite of dehydration (37%); such similarity was valid up to 80°C (stage A). Beyond, the viscosity decrease observed in the samples at constant WC was replaced by a long-lasting plateau (stage B, 3–4 × 10⁶ Pa.s), attributed to WC reduction below ∼37%. Above the boiling water temperature, the logarithm of viscosity increased linearly with decreasing WC (stage C). At lower heating rates (5°C/min), relevant to the bottom crust, viscosity was two-fold higher than that at higher heating rates, suggesting lower oven-rise. The viscosity decrease, observed at high temperatures (>80°C) for samples at constant WC, was not observed if drying occurred late (case of crumb beneath the crust); instead, viscosity increased up to levels close to that of the top crust (2–3 × 10⁷ Pa.s at WC∼20%). Despite these deviations, viscosity as a WC function was modelled with a unique equation set.     

InDel分子标记WC656的开发及其在鉴别小麦-簇毛麦5VS纯合易位中的应用

簇毛麦是小麦品种改良重要的遗传资源,其5VS上含有硬度基因Dina/Dinb、抗白粉病基因Pm55和抗条锈病基因Yr5V,创制普通小麦-簇毛麦5VS易位系新种质,对于高效利用5VS上的有益基因进行小麦品种遗传改良具有重要意义。为了便于鉴别普通小麦-簇毛麦5VS纯合易位,本研究以mInDel软件分析普通小麦中国春基因组序列,开发了小麦第5同源群短臂的InDel特异分子标记WC656,对小麦品种以及普通小麦-簇毛麦5VS.5AL和5VS.5DL易位系及其衍生后代进行PCR扩增,根据扩增片段大小来区分5AS、5BS、5DS染色体臂以及5VS易位系。结果表明,在21个普通小麦品种、小麦-簇毛麦5VS回交F₂代中杂合易位单株,均扩增出379 bp（5AS）、471 bp（5BS）、422 bp（5DS）3条带。在T5VS.5AL高代品系、回交F₂代中纯合易位单株扩增出471 bp（5BS）、422 bp（5DS）2条带,379 bp（5AS）条带缺失。T5VS.5DL高代品系、回交F₂代中纯合易位单株扩增出379 bp（5AS）、471 bp（5BS）2条带,422 bp（5DS）条带缺失。WC656鉴别的5VS纯合易位结果与顺序FISH-GISH分析结果一致。T5VS.5AL、T5VS.5DL具有抗白粉病、籽粒硬度指数低等优良特性。因此,利用InDel分子标记WC656可以鉴别普通小麦-簇毛麦T5VS.5AL、T5VS.5DL衍生后代中的纯合易位,PCR扩增实验操作相对简便,可以为分子标记辅助选育携有5VS纯合易位的软质弱筋小麦提供帮助。     

Analysis on the pilling factors of cashmere knitted fabric

The effect of cashmere yarn twist, knitted fabric density, and cashmere properties on pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric is investigated in this paper. The experimental results show that yarn twist and fabric density have little influence on pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric for yarn 38.4 tex/2 when yarn twist varies from 234 T/m to 272 T/m, and the fabric density is 9.7, 10.7, and 11.2 yarns/inch, respectively. The length of cashmere fiber, in particular less than 7.5 mm, is responsible for the pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric based on optimal scaling regression analysis.     

Psychological and physiological responses to the rustling sounds of Korean traditional silk fabrics

The objectives of this study were to investigate physiological and psychological responses to the rustling sound of Korean traditional silk fabrics and to figure out objective measurements such as sound parameters and mechanical properties determining the human responses. Five different traditional silk fabrics were selected by cluster analysis and their sound characteristics were observed in terms of FFT spectra and some calculated sound parameters including level pressure of total sound (LPT), Zwicker’s psychoacoustic parameters — loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z), and sound color factors such as ΔL and Δf. As physiological signals, the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) from the power spectrum of heart rate variability, pulse volume (PV), heart rate (HR), and skin conductance level (SCL) evoked by the fabric sounds were measured from thirty participants. Also, seven aspects of psychological state including softness, loudness, sharpness, roughness, clearness, highness, and pleasantness were evaluated when each sound was presented. The traditional silk fabric sounds were likely to be felt as soft and pleasant rather than clear and high, which seemed to evoke less change of both LF/HF and SCL indicating a negative sensation than other fabrics previously reported. As fluctuation strength(Z) were higher and bending rigidity (B) values lower, the fabrics tended to be perceived as sounding softer, which resulted in increase of PV changes. The higher LPT was concerned with higher rating for subjective loudness so that HR was more increased. Also, compression linearity (LC) affected subjective pleasantness positively, which caused less changes of HR. Therefore, we concluded that such objective measurements as LPT, fluctuation strength(Z), bending rigidity (B), and compression linearity (LC) were significant factors affecting physiological and psychological responses to the sounds of Korean traditional silk fabrics.     

万恢88型水稻细胞质雄性不育的分子机理

通过对万恢88型水稻细胞质雄性不育系内香2A与其保持系线粒体基因组进行比较分析,研究了其雄性不育的分子机理。将不育系内香2A与保持系内香2B的差异片段回收测序,获得2条长度为667 bp的线粒体DNA片段2A和2B,通过序列比对和电子杂交分析,获得的线粒体DNA片段为atp6基因的部分序列及其上游序列。2A与2B相比有3个碱基不同,分别是第57位G→T、第100位T→C、第161位C→T。功能分析表明,第100位T→C点突变使atp6基因启动子核心序列遭到破坏。通过对atp6基因上游序列的RT-PCR分析,发现不育系内香2A的atp6基因不能正常表达。推测万恢88型水稻细胞质雄性不育是由于不育系线粒体atp6基因核心启动子区域发生点突变,导致atp6基因不能正常转录,致使线粒体供能不足,最后导致花粉败育。