Effect of nisin and monensin on rumen fermentation in the artificial rumen

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nisin and monensin on rumen fermentation of diets containing hay and barley (80:20%) in artificial rumen (Rusitec system). The Rusitec system consisted of four fermentation vessels (V1, V2, V3, V4): V1 was without additives (control), V2 received daily 2 mg of nisin, V3 involved 5 mg of monensin and V4 combination of 2 mg of nisin with 5 mg of monensin. After an adaptation period (7 days), the fermentation parameters were determined for six consecutive days. Compared to control diet, the addition of nisin resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) of hemicellulose degradation, acetate, propionate (mmol.day-1) production and energetic efficiency of VFA (E), decrease of butyrate production. Nisin had no effect on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), cellulose and detergent fiber degradation, production of total gas, methane and efficiency of microbial synthesis. The addition of monensin resulted in an decrease of DM, OM (P < 0.05), cellulose, hemicellulose, detergent fiber degradation (P < 0.001), total gas, methane and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) production. Monensin also significantly decreased acetate, butyrate, L-lactate (mmol.day-1) production and it increased propionate production (P > 0.001) and efficiency of microbial synthesis. The combined effect of nisin and monensin in V4 was similar to the effect of monensin in V3 compared to control. Then, the effect of additive monensin was dominant over nisin. In conclusion, our results indicate that nisin was less effective than monensin on some fermentation parameters (important for the improvement of the efficiency of utilization of the diet by ruminants) in artificial rumen.     

Effect of monensin (USA, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria) on fermentation of animal feed in an artificial rumen (Rusitec)]

An experiment was made with the Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec) in which the fermentation of a mixed ration of hay (12.8 g/d) and bruised barley (3.2 g/d) was compared with the fermentation of the same diet in the presence of 5 mg monensin/d from the USA, CSFR and Bulgaria. The fermentation of the mixed ration was significantly affected by all three kinds of monensin. The digestibility of dry matter (DM) in the rations declined in the presence of monensin from 48% to 40% (tab. I). The digestibility of detergent fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose also declined in the presence of monensin (tab. I). The production of methane decreased (-70%) and CO2 production dropped too, but this decrease could be accounted for by the changes in the production of volatile fatty acids and redistribution of metabolic hydrogen (tab. I). Monensin decreased the production of total volatile fatty acids (-21%), the production of acetic (-35%), n-butyric, n-valeric and isovaleric acids (tab. II) and increased the production of propionic acid (+60%). The production, utilization and recovery of metabolic hydrogen were significantly increased in the presence of all three kinds of monensin (tab. IV). The end products of fermentation were affected by an addition of monensin to the mixed ration. All three kinds of monensin increased energic efficiency of volatile fatty acids, decreased adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) production, the amounts of fermented hexose, organic matter fermented and utilization of glucose (tab. III).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The effect of monensin on rumen fermentation and weight gain in bulls fed a diet containing nontraditional feed

Two groups of bullocks, each consisting of 125 animals, were subjected to a trial to study the effect of monensin (Rumensin premix) administered at doses from 125 to 175 mg per head/day on rumen fermentation and weight gains. For 135 days the animals were given a diet based on green juicy forage with a supplement of chopped straw and concentrate mixture; this mixture contained 20-30% of dried poultry droppings. In the experimental group with monensin, the concentration of total and protein nitrogen and the molar percentage of propionic acid significantly increased (23.7 and 28.5%, respectively, P less than 0.01) and the acetate: propionate ratio decreased four hours after feeding. Further, the energy yield of the production by volatile fatty acids (VFA) significantly increased in the rumen contents (76.89%, 78.64%, respectively, P less than 0.05). The levels of ammonia and non-protein nitrogen were not affected by the addition of monensin. The average daily live weight gains were 713 g in the control group and 800 g in the experimental group; this means that the gains of the experimental animals rose by 12.2%. Monensin had a positive influence on the proportions of the rumen-produced VFA in favour of propionic acid which, in turn, favourably influenced the energy balance of nutrient conversion and efficiency.     

Research note: effect of increasing dietary concentrate levels on microbial biotin metabolism in the artificial rumen simulation system (RUSITEC).

The effect of varying hay/barley-proportions in the feed ration on biotin metabolism of rumen microbes was studied by means of the rumen simulation technique RUSITEC. The stepwise replacement of hay by barley decreased dietary biotin and the net output of biotin by the microbial metabolism. It is concluded that rumen microbes utilise more and/or synthesize less biotin with increasing proportions of dietary barley. These results indicate that a critical reconsideration of current views with regard to the supply and requirement of the high yielding dairy cow for biotin is necessary.     

燕麦与苜蓿不同比例组合对驴盲肠体外发酵的影响

研究燕麦干草与苜蓿不同比例组合对驴盲肠液体外发酵的影响,旨在为肉驴养殖中粗饲料的科学利用提供理论依据。将燕麦干草和苜蓿按干物质比为80∶20、60∶40、40∶60和20∶80分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,通过体外产气法与人工瘤胃持续发酵法培养2、4、8、12和24 h,各时间点3个重复,发酵终止后测定发酵参数和饲草养分降解率,通过24 h时发酵参数的加权估算值计算饲草组合效应值。结果表明:1)燕麦与苜蓿不同比例组合影响了其养分降解率,随着苜蓿比例的增加,干物质(DM)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)降解率增大,Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),各组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)降解率差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)随着苜蓿含量的增加,pH逐渐升高,Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);各时间点产气量(GP)均为Ⅱ组显著高于其余3组(P<0.05),且24 h时Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅲ组(P<0.05);从发酵12 h开始Ⅲ、Ⅳ组氨态氮(NH_3-N)浓度显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05);24 h时Ⅱ组微生物蛋白(MCP)浓度显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),与Ⅰ、Ⅳ组无显著差异(P>0.05);燕麦与苜蓿不同比例组合对挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)有显著影响,24 h时Ⅰ和Ⅳ组丙酸浓度显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),而Ⅰ、Ⅱ组总VFA(TVFA)含量显著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。3)发酵24 h后Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ组均产生正组合效应,且Ⅳ组效应值最大,而Ⅲ组产生负组合效应。综上所述:燕麦与苜蓿按20∶80组合时能提高DM、NDF和ADF降解率,且多项组合效应值更高;燕麦与苜蓿饲喂驴以20∶80组合效果较好。     

Effect of monensin on rumen fermentation and performance of young calves

The effect of monensin on the growth and rumen metabolism of young calves (30 days old initially) was followed in 70-day experiment. Calves diet consisted of a milk substitute (4 1 per day), a concentrate mixture (13 g per 1 kg of live weight per day) and meadow hay ad libitum. Ten calves were fed 0.65 mg of monensin (SPOFA, Czechoslovakia) per 1 kg of live weight per day. Ten calves served as a control. The non-glucogenic/glucogenic ratio of VFA, mol-% acetate and butyrate were significantly lower and propionate higher in monensin-treated calves. Monensin-fed calves gained non significantly more (+ 7.2%) than control calves. A possible mode of action of monensin in young calves is discussed.     

不同生育期饲料油菜体外发酵特性的研究

试验通过研究不同生育期(现蕾期、盛花期和结荚期)饲料油菜的体外发酵特性,为合理利用饲料油菜提供理论依据,填补试验数据的空白。试验以不同生育期饲料油菜为样品,利用体外发酵产气法测定4、12、24、48、72 h的累计产气量、氨肽氮(NH3-N)浓度和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度。试验结果表明,不同生育期对饲料油菜体外发酵存在影响,总产气量随着生育期的延长逐渐降低(P0.05),结荚期的产气延滞期显著低于现蕾期(P0.05)、低于盛花期(P0.05)。累计发酵72 h后,盛花期的NH3-N浓度显著高于现蕾期(P0.05)和结荚期(P0.05),盛花期乙酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸比值高于现蕾期和结荚期(P0.05)。     

稻草补饲苜蓿对山羊瘤胃发酵的组合效应

将9只体况良好、体质量相近(41.3±1.2) kg、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成都麻羊半同胞羯羊, 随机分成3组, 饲以稻草基础日粮, 分别补饲苜蓿(Medicago sativa, MSL)25%(MSL25)、50%(MSL50)与75%(MSL75), 进行瘤胃内环境的测定及发酵指标的组合效应研究。结果显示, 3组不同苜蓿补饲水平混合粗饲料的瘤胃液相pH在6.53～6.93, NH3-N浓度在9.42～43.27 mg·dL-1, 总挥发性脂肪酸浓度在69.45～107.28 mmol·L-1, 菌体蛋白浓度在73.56～132.23 mg·dL-1, NH3-N浓度、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度与菌体蛋白浓度均随苜蓿补饲水平的增加呈非线性增加。以MSL25作参照的瘤胃发酵指标的多项指标组合效应指数(MFAEI), MSL75的为1.21, 仅为MSL50组1.03的1.17倍。表明当山羊稻草基础日粮苜蓿补饲水平超过50%时, 提高稻草纤维物质利用率的组合效应增加不明显。     

Effect of methanol on methanogenesis and fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC)

Introduction Major methanol sources in ruminant feeds are pectins esterified with methoxyl groups. Methanol can be released by pectin esterase activity of rumen bacteria (R exova -B enkova and M arkovic 1976). It has been detected in rumen fluid of cows in vivo and in vitro (V antcheva et al. 1970, 1972). It is, however, not likely to accumulate in the rumen fluid since it can be readily used by methylotrophic organisms. Methanogenic archaebacteria such as Methanosarcina barkeri (H utten et al. 1980; M& uuml ; ller et al. 1986) are able to use methanol as energy and carbon source. Two equations have been reported for this conversion: 4CH₄ → 3CH₄ + CO₂ + 2 H₂O (1) CH₃OH + H₂ → CH₄ + H₂O (2) Methanogenesis from methanol has been shown to occur during in vitro fermentations with rumen fluid as inoculum (C zerkawski and B reckenridge 1972; P ol and D emeyer 1988). However, acidogenic micro-organisms, such as Eubacterium limosum or Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, may also utilize methanol. In rumen fluid of sheep fed a molasses-rich diet, Eubacterium limosum was the predominant methanol-utilizing bacterium (G enthner et al. 1981). Major products of these acidogenic methylotrophs are acetate and butyrate. These different fermentation end-products, methane versus fatty acids, will affect the metabolizable energy content of feedstuffs that are rich in highly methoxylated pectins or other methyl group-containing compounds. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) would be a suitable model to evaluate the methanogenic or acidogenic potential of methanol during ruminal fermentation. The study focused on methane production, fermentation characteristics and methanol turnover. Fermentation traits included pH, redox potential, ammonia and volatile fatty acid production, and degradation of feed constituents.     

高山美利奴育成公羊在返青期与盛草期牧场的营养监测

本研究以祁连山放牧地的高山美利奴育成公羊为研究对象,于返青期和盛草期,采用粪袋全收粪和酸不溶灰分(AIA)结合法测定其采食量,并探究其放牧地牧草营养物质的供给规律和其营养的盈缺。结果显示,盛草期放牧草地植物群落优势度指数、地上生物量、多样性指数、物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数均显著高于返青期(P<0.05)。在牧草养分化学指标上,粗蛋白和粗灰分含量在盛草期显著高于返青期(P<0.05),盛草期牧草粗饲料分级指数(GI)也显著高于返青期(P<0.05)。返青期和盛草期高山美利奴育成公羊干物质、粗蛋白采食量差异不显著(P>0.05),代谢能采食量在盛草期显著高于返青期(P<0.05)。牧草有机物和干物质消化率返青期和盛草期差异不显著(P>0.05),牧草粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消化率在返青期显著高于盛草期(P<0.05)。盛草期高山美利奴育成公羊瘤胃氨态氮(NH3-N)含量、丁酸、支链脂肪酸比例显著高于返青期(P<0.05),高山美利奴育成公羊瘤胃内总挥发性脂肪酸含量返青期显著高于盛草期(P<0.05)。参照中国美利奴育成公羊(体重70 kg,日增重100 g)营养需要推荐量,高山美利奴育成公羊每只日代谢能和粗蛋白采食量在返青期分别比推荐量低9.32 MJ和45.23 g·d^?1;而在盛草期二者则分别低7.32 MJ和32.64 g·d^?1。综上所述,盛草期牧草GI值、牧草生产力显著高于返青期;体重为70 kg的高山美利奴育成公羊在返青期和盛草期牧场,日增重达到100 g时,代谢能和粗蛋白摄入量均不足,需补饲一定量的能量和蛋白饲料。     

不同饲料颗粒大小对肉牛瘤胃发酵性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同粒径颗粒饲料在自由采食和限饲条件下对肉牛瘤胃发酵性能的影响。试验日粮分为粉料、直径为3 mm的颗粒料和直径为8 mm的颗粒料,饲喂方式分为自由采食和限饲。采用2×3因子设计试验,选择3月龄的肉牛12头,试验前9周分别用3种料饲喂(自由采食),之后6周进行限饲。自由采食在前4 h较后4 h显著提高了粗料摄入量(P <0.05)。P8组较粉料和P3组显著降低了自由采食8 h的粗料摄入量(P <0.05)。限饲条件下,粉料和P3组早上采食粗饲料较下午高(P <0.05)。P8组较粉料和P3组显著降低了早上粗料摄入量(P <0.05)。采食后两个阶段瘤胃pH都显著降低(P <0.05);无论是自由采食还是限饲P3组较其他组均显著降低了瘤胃氨气含量(P <0.05);进食4 h后,P3组较粉料和P8组显著提高了瘤胃乳酸含量(P <0.05)。进食后,两个阶段均显著提高了瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸含量(P <0.05)。自由采食条件下,粉料和P3组较P8组显著降低了采食4和8 h后瘤胃乙酸含量(P <0.05)。3 mm直径颗粒可以提高瘤胃发酵速度,降低瘤胃pH,较粉料有增加酸中毒的风险。颗粒直径提高至8 mm,无论自由采食还是限饲都不影响干物质摄入量,可以降低瘤胃发酵速度。     

不同淀粉源饲料的瘤胃降解特性研究初探

通过尼龙袋法测定了5种淀粉源饲料在瘤胃的降解率。结果显示,玉米和荞麦在瘤胃的有效降解率(60.0%和61.6%)低于燕麦、小麦和大麦(78.9%、75.4%、69.8%)(P<0.05);燕麦的可溶性淀粉含量比较高,大麦和小麦表现出在9h内已经达到大部分被降解。     

Effect of monensin on fermentation pattern and soybean protein degradation in the rumen of sheep

The effect of a daily dose of 30 mg Monensin on rumen fermentation pattern and degradation of the crude protein fraction of soybean meal was investigated with sheep. Degradation parameters for soybean meal were measured by the nylon bag technique. Monensin increased propionic acid percentages in the rumen, with a concomitant decrease in acetic- and butyric acid proportions, thus confirming earlier work. Ammonia N concentration in the rumen was also lowered, indicating an inhibitory effect on rumen protein breakdown. However, no effect on degradation rate, degradability and effective degradability (only with one sheep) could be observed. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed. Amino acid analysis on the residues in incubated bags revealed slight changes in amino acid composition, but these changes were considered to be nutritionally unimportant.     

精料与稀释率对瘤胃发酵与微生物蛋白的影响

采用单外流连续培养系统研究低和高2种精料水平（20％，80％）与不同稀释率（稀释率为（D）），0．06、0．12和0．18h）对瘤胃发酵和微生物生长效率的影响。每种精料水平设3个稀释率（0．06、0．12和0．18h），每个处理设2个重复。试验结果表明，随着D的增加，日粮营养物质的消化率呈二次曲线趋势（P=0．001—0．006）增加；提高精料水平导致日粮干物质（DM）和有机物质（OM）消化率增加（P=0．001），而中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）消化率下降（P=0．001）。提高D导致发酵液pH显著升高（P=0．001），NH3浓度显著降低（P=0．001）。总挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）浓度随D的增加显著下降（P=0．001），但VFA日产生量随D的增加没有显著变化（P〉0．05）。在各种VFA摩尔比例中，乙酸和丁酸的摩尔比例呈二次曲线趋势增加（P=0．001），丙酸的摩尔比例呈二次曲线趋势下降（P：0．001）。随着日粮精料水平的提高，发酵液pH和NH，浓度下降，总VFA浓度及VFA日产生量增加。在各种VFA摩尔比例中，乙酸摩尔比例随精料水平的提高而（P=0．001）下降，但丙酸与丁酸的摩尔比例下降（P=0．001）。随着日粮精料水平的提高，每日微生物氮（N）产量（DMNP）与微生物生长效率（MOEFF）增加；DMNP与MOEFF在D提高时也增加（P=0．001），在D为0．18h时达到最大值（每日微生物氮为1．088g和每千克真可消化有机物产生微生物氮为31．01g）。     

The effect of monensin on in vitro utilization of lactate in the rumen contents

The effect of monensin on the in vitro utilization of lactate in the rumen contents of a steer, cow and two wethers was investigated. The rate of the utilization of lactate in monensin-treated cultures was on average only two thirds of that found in cultures without monensin. Monensin tended to increase acetate and to decrease butyrate in cultures with lactate. After 11-week adaptation of a wether to monensin the inhibitory effect of ionophore persisted, being, however, less pronounced and without influence on the molar percentages of VFA. Effects of monensin reported here seem to be caused by its inhibiting action against rumen lactilytic protozoa. There were no significant differences between monensin from Elanco and the Czechoslovak analogue.     

Effect of monensin withdrawal on rumen fermentation,methanogenesis and microbial populations in cattle

This study was designed to obtain information on the residual influence of dietary monensin on ruminant fermentation, methanogenesis and bacterial population. Three ruminally cannulated crossbreed heifers (14 months old, 363 ± 11 kg) were fed Italian ryegrass straw and concentrate supplemented with monensin for 21 days before sampling. Rumen fluid samples were collected for analysis of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, monensin concentration, methanogens and rumen bacterial density. Post‐feeding rumen fluid was also collected to determine in vitro gas production. Monensin was eliminated from the rumen fluid within 3 days. The composition of SCFA varied after elimination of monensin, while total production of SCFA was 1.78 times higher than on the first day. Methane production increased 7 days after monensin administration ceased, whereas hydrogen production decreased. The methanogens and rumen bacterial copy numbers were unaffected by the withdrawal of monensin.     

The effect of feeding rations with different ratios of concentrate to alfalfa hay on blood hematological and biochemical parameters of farmed ostriches (Struthio camelus)

A two-month trial was conducted to investigate the effects of pelleting rations with 70:30, 65:35, and 60:40 concentrate to high-quality roughage (alfalfa hay) ratios on hematological and biochemical parameters of ostriches. A total of 18 seven-month-old male ostrich chicks, initially weighing an average of 60–70 kg, were distributed into three different outdoor paddocks at a stocking density of six birds per paddock. In the morning, blood collection was made from the wing vein after about 12 h of fasting. All rations resulted in no significant change in hematological parameters. However, with increasing alfalfa inclusion rate, the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio tended to be lower (P?=?0.089); whereas the values of hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) tended to be higher (P values 0.069, 0.072 and 0.094, respectively). In terms of plasma biochemical parameters, increasing the ratio of concentrate to alfalfa hay in ostrich diets resulted in significant (P?<?0.05) depression in the values of glucose (up to 20.2 %), total cholesterol (up to 19.2 %), creatine kinase (up to 27.9 %), and aspartate aminotransferase (up to 29.9 %). Additionally, the 65:35 or 60:40 rations caused a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (27.9 and 42 %, respectively; P?=?0.008) compared to the 70:40 ration. Without exception, no rations affected the values of leukocyte subsets, total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein. Based on our results, the concentrate to alfalfa ratio of 60:40 could be suggested as optimum ratio for good health conditions of juvenile ostriches.     

Effect of hay particle size at different concentrations and feeding levels on digestive processes and feed intake in ruminants. 1. Chewing activity and fermentation in the rumen]

In order to study the main effects of particle size three ruminally fistulated cows were fed a hay rich in fibre in long (28.7 mm), chopped (9.2 mm) and ground (2.9 mm) form in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. In another three factorial experiment with 8 wethers (4 animals were ruminally fistulated) the main effects and interactions of the above mentioned hay particle size at two concentrate levels (10.4 to 13.3 and 29.5 to 40.1% in the ration) and at two feeding levels (restricted and ad libitum) were investigated. There was no effect of chopped hay (9.2 mm) on chewing activity, whereas ground hay (2.9 mm) reduced rumination time (52% in sheep and 36% in dairy cows) and chewing expense (time/unit of DM or NDF intake). These effects were more pronounced at high concentrate intake. Sheep increased feed intake more through reduction of rumination expense than through the extension of rumination time. pH-value, concentration of bicarbonate and C2:C3-ratio indicate favourable fermentation conditions in long (28.7 mm) and chopped hay (9.2 mm), whereas a negative influence of ground hay (2.9 mm) or ruminal fermentation could be observed.     

Nitrogen balance in lambs fed low-quality brome hay and infused with differing proportions of casein in the rumen and abomasum

Twenty wether lambs (46 +/- 2 kg) fitted with ruminal and abomasal infusion catheters were used in a completely randomized design to determine the effects of differing proportions of ruminal and abomasal casein infusion on N balance in lambs fed low-quality brome hay (0.8% N, DM basis) for ad libitum intake. Wethers were infused with 0 (control) or 10.7 g/d of N from casein with ratios of ruminal:abomasal infusion of 100:0 (100R:0A), 67:33 (67R:33A), 33:67 (33R:67A), or 0:100% (0R:100A), respectively, over a 12-d period. Total N supply (hay N intake + N from casein infusion) was greater (P = 0.001) in lambs receiving casein infusion than in controls. Urinary N excretion (g/d) was greater (P = 0.001) in lambs receiving casein infusion than in controls. Urinary N excretion decreased as casein infusion was shifted from 100R:0A to 33R:67A and then slightly increased in lambs receiving 0R:100A (quadratic, P = 0.02). Total N excretion was greater (P = 0.001) in lambs receiving casein infusion than in controls and decreased linearly (P = 0.005) as casein infusion was shifted to the abomasum. Retained N (g/d, % of N intake, and % of digested N) was greater (P = 0.001) in lambs receiving casein than in controls. Retained N increased as infusion was shifted from 100R:0A to 33R:67A and then slightly decreased in lambs receiving 0R: 100A (quadratic, P < 0.07). Based on regression analysis, the predicted optimum proportion of casein infusion to maximize N retention was 68% into the abomasum. The regression suggests that supplementation with undegradable intake protein had an additional benefit over supplementation with ruminally degradable intake protein (100R:0A) and that changing the percentage of ruminally undegradable intake protein in supplemental protein from 33 to 100% resulted in minimal differences in N retention. Apparent N, DM, OM, and energy digestibility (% of intake) was greater (P < 0.03) in lambs infused with casein than controls but did not differ among casein infusion groups. These data suggest that feeding protein supplements containing a portion (greater than 0%) of the crude protein as ruminally undegradable intake protein, as compared to 100% ruminally degradable intake protein, to lambs consuming low-quality forage increases N retention and the efficiency of N utilization without influencing total-tract nutrient digestion.     

不同精粗比全混合饲料在绵羊瘤胃内的降解动态

研究了在舍饲条件下绵羊利用精粗比例为6∶4,5∶5和4∶6的全混合饲料(TMR)的降解情况,并进行了对比分析.结果表明,不同精粗比例全混合饲料的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在绵羊瘤胃中8个时间点(2,4,8,12,24,36,48和72 h)有效降解率分别呈现不同的降解规律.从总体上看,TMR2和TMR1比较,其有效降解率分别是DM提高11.40%(P<0.01),OM提高8.48%(P<0.01),CP降低14.65%(P<0.01),NDF降低3.45%(P>0.05),ADF降低8.38%(P<0.01);TMR2和TMR3比较,其有效降解率分别是DM降低3.43%(P>0.05),OM降低9.29%(P<0.01),CP变化不显著(P>0.05),NDF提高8.34%(P<0.05),ADF提高1.30%(P>0.05);TMR1和TMR3比较,其有效降解率分别是DM降低15.37%(P<0.01),OM降低19.60%(P<0.01),CP提高13.27%(P<0.01),NDF提高12.08%(P<0.01),ADF提高9.80%(P<0.01).说明精粗比例各为50%时,既有利于粗料的利用,又能有效地利用精料达到育肥的目的.