Genetic Effects of IGF-Ⅰ Gene on the Growth and Reproductive Traits in Jinghai Yellow Chicken

The aim of this study was to analyze the association of SNPs in insulin like factor-Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ） gene with chicken growth and reproductive traits. PCR-SSCP approach was applied to assess the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and the general linear model was used to analyze genetic effects between genotypes and growth traits of the Jinghai Yellow chicken. For the IGF-Ⅰ gene, three genotypes(AA, AB and BB) were detected in Jinghai Yellow chicken population, the frequency of A and B alleles were 0.613 and 0.387. Sequencing revealed one mutation(A60G) of IGF-Ⅰ gene in BB genotype in comparison to AA genotype. The results showed that BB genotype of the IGF-Ⅰ gene had higher bodyweight at 4 weeks compared to AA and AB genotypes(P<0.05);AA genotype of the IGF-Ⅰ gene had significantly higher bodyweight at 300 day-age-weight compared to BB genotype(P<0.05). Polymorphisms in exon 3 of IGF-Ⅰ gene had certain effect on growth and reproductive traits in Jinghai Yellow chicken. However, whether these polymorphisms were important genetic markers, which related with IGF-Ⅰ gene and reproduction traits in Jinghai Yellow chicken, were needed to be further studied.     

Research Progress on Livestock and Poultry MHCⅠAntigen Binding Groove

The determination of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classⅠcomplex structure can elucidate the antigen-binding mechanism,and then effectively utilize the specific CTL response.Currently,several MHCⅠstructures of the livestock and poultry are reported,containing cattle MHCⅠ allele (N*01301,N*01801),pig (SLA-1*0401) and chicken (BF2*2101,BF2*0401,BF2*0201 and BF2*1401).All above MHCⅠstructures are composed of α1,α2,α3 and β₂m chains;And the antigen groove is consisted of six pockets (A,B,C,D,E and F).Generally speaking,how different MHCⅠ binds miscellaneous peptides depends on the B and F pockets.In addition,the MHCⅠsequences have intraspecific and interspecific differences,so the peptides are various for different MHCⅠmolecules.But,different MHCⅠmolecules also can present same peptide,implementing the peptides of cross-presentation.The determination of animal MHCⅠstructures will promote the immunology and vaccine application research.     

“申农Ⅰ号”猪的肥育和胴体性状

对“申农Ⅰ号”培育猪群分 3次进行肥育和胴体性能测定 ,第 1次试验猪为杜× (长大二 )猪 ,饲养 8头 ,屠宰 4头 ;第 2次试验猪为“申农Ⅰ号”一世代猪 ,饲养 5头 ,屠宰 4头 ;第 3次试验猪为“申农Ⅰ号”二世代猪 ,饲养 9头 ,屠宰 4头。试验结果表明 ,杜× (长大二 )猪、“申农Ⅰ号”一世代猪及二世代猪平均日增重分别为 62 2 5g、 51 4 6g和 52 3 31g。在胴体性状方面 ,“申农Ⅰ号”二世代猪屠宰率最高 ,达74 37% ;平均背膘及 6～ 7肋膘最薄 ,为 2 1 4cm和 1 74cm ;眼肌面积最大 ,为 34 31cm2 ;瘦肉率最高 ,为 61 70 % ,而杜× (长大二 )猪和“申农Ⅰ号”一世代猪上述各指标则分别为 :72 96% ,67 60 % ;3 1 5cm ,3 1 2cm和 3 0 3cm ,3 0 3cm ;2 9 63cm2 ,2 7 60cm2 ;56 2 7% ,58 2 1 %。在肉质性状方面 ,“申农Ⅰ号”二世代猪在校正肉色上最高 ,为 9 88,杜× (长大二 )猪在系水力和肌内脂含量上最高 ,分别为 75 2 1 %和 3 36 % ,而“申农Ⅰ号”一世代猪则在嫩度及肌肉水分指标上占优 ,分别为 2 52kg及 75 2 1 %。     

鸡GH基因内含子1 MspⅠ位点多态性及其与生长及繁殖性状的相关性

以泰和乌骨鸡等6个江西地方鸡种和罗曼蛋鸡等2个商业鸡种为试验材料，采用PCR—RFLP技术，对鸡生长激素基因内含子1MspⅠ位点多态性及其与生长、繁殖性状的相关性开展研究。结果表明：（1）产蛋性能较高的品种中以C基因为主，生长较快的品种中A基因频率和C基因频率较接近，其它品种则以A基因为主；地方鸡种均以A基因为主，而外来鸡种均以C基因为主。（2）泰和乌骨鸡和万载康乐黄鸡均表现为杂合型个体有较迟的开产日龄（P〈0．05），产蛋数问均表现为差异不显著；在万载康乐黄鸡中，各基因型间开产蛋重表现为极显著差异（P〈0．01）。（3）与体重的相关分析结果显示，在宁都三黄鸡中，该位点仅对其母鸡1月龄体重影响差异极显著（P〈0．01），对公鸡及母鸡的其它各阶段影响均不显著（P〉0．05）；在万载康乐黄鸡中，8周龄体重表现为差异不显著（P〉0．05），12、18周龄时表现为差异极显著（P〈0．01）。（4）AA和BB型有较早的开产日龄，但在开产较早的鸡中并不是频率最大的基因型；在万载康乐黄鸡中，AB型有较大体重趋势，在宁都三黄鸡种中，以AA型有体重最大趋势，在生长较快的品种中它们也并不是频率最高的基因型。     

边鸡IGF-ⅠR基因AluⅠ位点多态性及其对生长性状和繁殖性状的遗传效应分析

为了寻找与边鸡生长性状和繁殖性状相关的遗传标记,本试验采用PCR-RFLP技术检测边鸡类胰岛素生长因子Ⅰ受体（insulin-like growth factor Ⅰreceptor,IGF-ⅠR）基因Alu Ⅰ位点的多态性,并分析该多态位点对边鸡生长性状和繁殖性状的遗传效应。结果显示,边鸡IGF-ⅠR基因Alu Ⅰ位点存在多态性,在外显子2的376 bp处有1个G→A突变,产生了GG、GA和AA 3种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.687、0.296和0.017,GG为优势基因型;G等位基因频率为0.835,为优势等位基因。卡方适合性检验结果表明,该基因座位在边鸡群体中处于哈代-温伯格平衡状态（P>0.05）。相关分析结果表明,在8、14、16和18周龄时,GG基因型个体的体重显著高于GA基因型（P<0.05）,GG基因型个体的开产体重极显著高于GA基因型个体（P<0.01）,但并不能说明该位点可以作为影响边鸡繁殖性状的遗传标记。IGF-ⅠR基因外显子2的Alu Ⅰ位点（G→A）可能是影响边鸡生长性状的一个遗传标记。     

家禽IGF-Ⅰ基因与经济性状相关研究进展

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGFs-Ⅰ)是胰岛素样生长因子(IGFs)家族成员之一,是生长激素发挥促生长作用的主要介导因子。本文综述了近年来在家禽IGF-Ⅰ基因的结构、IGF-Ⅰ在组织中的表达水平、IGF-Ⅰ与体重体型、屠宰性能、产蛋性能相关的研究进展,旨在为进一步研究家禽IGF-Ⅰ基因与经济性状相关研究提供参考。     

鹅胴体和羽绒性状的因子分析及遗传评估——鹅胴体和羽绒性状的因子分析(Ⅰ)

测定了皖西白鹅×四川白鹅F1群体123只鹅的33个胴体性状和7个羽绒性状,采用因子分析方法从中提取出12个公共因子,可解释原40个性状82.24%的信息。研究表明,鹅产肉性能由产肉力、净膛率和腿肉率3个因子组成,可解释原40个性状的36.53%的信息量;肉质特性由脂肪酸品质、产脂力和肌肉水损失3个公共因子组成,可解释原40个性状的18.34%的信息量;羽绒特性由产毛力、绒品质和绒亲水性3个公共因子组成,可解释原40个性状的15.75%的信息量;辅助性能由羽型、心功能和消化力3个公共因子组成,可解释原40个性状的11.61%的信息量。     

畜禽胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ基因的研究进展

综述了畜禽胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ,IGF-Ⅰ)基因在位置、结构及多态性上的研究进展,并初步探讨了IGF-Ⅰ基因与经济性状的关系.     

新荣昌猪Ⅰ系乳头数遗传分析

用新荣昌猪Ⅰ系选育过程中的核心群及育成后的推广扩繁群所产3254头仔猪的乳头数为材料,研究了乳头数的遗传特征,结果表明新荣Ⅰ系乳头数的峰值为14头,大群均数13.59±1.46,比导血亲本荣昌猪多0.95个;无论父母本乳头数如何组合,子代平均乳头数总是向总体平均数回归,而并非表现出双亲的均值;公、母猪对乳头数具有相同遗传能力;乳头数与窝产仔数、活产仔数相关系数为0.0636、0.118,而与木乃伊数表现一定程度的负相关,为-0.245.     

The Genetic Structure and Diversity of Repomucenus curvicornis Inhabiting Liaoning Coast Based on Mitochondrial COⅠ Gene and Control Region

[Object] This study was conducted to explore the genetic diversity and structure of the wild Repomucenus curvicornis inhabiting Liaoning Coast, China. [Method] The mitochondrial COⅠ gene and control region(CR) were PCR amplified from the wild R. curvicornis populations from the Liaodong Bay(n=22) and the northern Yellow Sea(n=18), sequenced and analyzed for genetic diversity. [Result] The contents of A, T, C and G of 624 bp COⅠ gene were 24.09%, 31.04%, 25.28%, and 19.59%, and those of 460 bp CR fragment were 32.96%, 32.80%, 14.86% and 19.38%, respectively. The total number of variable sites, average number of nucleotide differences( k), haplotype diversity(H) and nucleotide diversity(π) based on COⅠ gene were 38, 4.67,(0.96±0.02) and(0.007 5±0.004 2), and those based on CR fragment were 26, 3.35,(0.97 ±0.02) and(0.007 3±0.004 3), respectively. Based on mitochondrial COⅠ gene and CR, the genetic diversity of Liaodong Bay population was lower than that of the northern Yellow Sea population. The AMOVA analysis based on CR fragments revealed almost significant genetic divergence between the Liaodong Bay and the northern Yellow Sea populations, while there was no significant genetic divergence based on COⅠ gene. The results showed that CR and COⅠ gene are effective molecular markers for detecting the genetic diversity of R. curvicornis population, while CR is more reliable than COⅠ gene in detecting the genetic structure. [Conclusion] CR is an appropriate marker for genetic analysis of marine fish population.     

Genetic Effects of IGF-Ⅰ and IGFBP-1 Genes on the Growth Traits in Jinghai Yellow Chicken

旨在对IGF-Ⅰ和IGFBP-1基因部分SNPs与鸡生长性状进行关联分析.试验以京海黄鸡为材料,采用PCR-SSCP方法检测2个候选基因的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),采用一般线性模型(GLM)分析基因型与生长性状的遗传效应.结果表明,IGF-Ⅰ基因外显子3序列的60 bp处有A→G的点突变,在京海黄鸡中检测到AA、AB、BB 3种基因型,A等位基因频率为0.613,B等位基因的频率为0.387;IGFBP-1基因外显子2序列的21 bp处有A→T的点突变,104 bp处有T→C的突变,在京海黄鸡中检测到CC、CD和DD 3种基因型,C等位基因频率为0.558,D等位基因频率为0.442.IGF-Ⅰ基因BB基因型个体4周龄体质量显著高于AA和AB型个体(P＜0.05);IGFBP-1基因DD基因型个体8周龄体质量显著高于CC基因型个体(P＜0.05),4、12和16周龄体质量差异极显著(P＜0.01).因此,推测这些SNPs对京海黄鸡生长性状具有一定的影响,应用于鸡育种过程中的标记辅助选择可以加快育种进程.     

豫农白猪Ⅰ系近交效应的研究

通过对像农白猪Ⅰ系５个世代１０９头初产母猪繁殖记录资料的事理并按世人攻近交分区的方法分析进行了方差分析和相关分析，结果表明，像农白猪Ⅰ系育种群初产母猪在系统选育过程中，繁殖性状由于受近产的影响，已有一定程度的衰退，其中第４世代的初生窝重、实生重、６０日龄重，早期日增重与其他各民代均值相比，差异均显著。在环境条件基本相同的情况下，近交系数对早期生长发育影响较大，ＦＸ每上升１％，初生窝重，初生重就下降     

四川白猪Ⅰ系遗传参数及近交系数测定

本文利用１９９０～１９９４年历代累积记录资料共１０８７头，采用父系同胞法估测了四川白猪Ⅰ系繁殖、生长发育、同胞育肥和阳体等性状的遗传参数。繁殖性状的遗传力在０．３以下，生长发育、育肥、胴体性状的遗传力中等到高，范围为０．２７～０．７２，大多数性状间呈现显著或机显著的正相关或负相关。全群近交系数为６．２６％。     

家禽胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ基因与生产性能相关研究进展

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ是胰岛素样生长因子家族的成员,是生长激素发挥促生长作用的主要介导因子。本文介绍了家禽的IGF-Ⅰ结构,阐述了当前IGF-Ⅰ在组织中的表达水平、基因多态性与家禽经济性状相关的研究现状。     

京海黄鸡IGF-Ⅰ基因TaiⅠ位点多态性及其与部分生产性能的相关性

本研究旨在检测京海黄鸡胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-Ⅰ)基因5'非翻译区TaiⅠ位点多态性及其与京海黄鸡母鸡生产性状的相关性,为分子标记辅助选择提供相应依据。以京海黄鸡为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP技术对京海黄鸡IGF-Ⅰ基因TaiⅠ酶切位点进行多态性检测,用最小二乘法分析基因型与京海黄鸡生长及部分产蛋性状。结果显示:在5'UTR(EF488284)的67 bp位置发生A→G的突变,产生3种基因型,CC、CD和DD,京海黄鸡公母鸡等位基因C频率分别为0.647和0.493。经χ2检验,京海黄鸡母鸡在TaiⅠ位点上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(χ2<χ2 0.05(1)),而公鸡不处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(χ2>χ2 0.05(1))。在京海黄鸡母鸡群体中CC型在8、16周龄以及300日龄体重中均高于CD型和DD型,且CC型12周龄体重显著大于DD型(P<0.05)。可见等位基因C为影响京海黄鸡母鸡体重的优势基因。     

甘肃黑猪新品系Ⅰ系主要数量性状遗传参数的估测和分析

根据平凉地区主奶猪场１９９２、１９９３和１９９４三年的育种资料，分别采用单元内半同胞相关及母女相关法、组内相关法、父系半同胞 方差及协方差分析法估测了甘肃黑猪新品系Ⅰ系猪主要数量性状的遗传力、重复力和性状间的遗传相关。和６月龄重应作为Ⅰ系猪选育的基本指标。     

Challenges in research on rhizomatous clonal plants北大核心CSCD

根茎克隆植物是克隆植物的一个类型,地下系统的特殊性赋予其独特的繁殖和生长方式,也赋予其对环境的特有适应能力。但是,受研究手段限制,人们对根茎克隆植物在表型可塑性、克隆整合、觅食行为和克隆分工等方面与其他类型克隆植物有何异同,这些行为对预防植物入侵、应对气候变化、进行退化生态系统恢复有何特殊意义尚不很清晰。鉴于此,通过梳理和总结前人工作,提出了根茎克隆植物研究面临的挑战。根茎克隆植物下一步研究重点应体现在下述方面:1)可塑性性状的选择与测定方法;2)环境因子对克隆整合的影响机制;3)综合植物特征和环境特征的觅食模型。     

Study on Molecular Characterization of Class Ⅰ Integron and Integron-associated Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli from Beef Cattle

To investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of class Ⅰ integron in Escherichia coli isolated from beef cattle, and analyze the relationship between integron and antimicrobial resistance, susceptibilities to 11 antimicrobials were conducted on 92 isolates, the presence and characterization of class Ⅰ integrons and inserted gene cassettes were performed using PCR combined with sequencing analysis. The results showed that 29 isolates had been detected positive for class Ⅰ integron integrase gene (intⅠ1) among 92 isolates, and aadA1 and dfrA17＋aadA5 were the most prevalent gene cassette arrays detected. The resistance rates of 92 isolates to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline were all more than 45.0%. As revealed by analyzing the association between resistance phenotypes and class Ⅰ integron, isolates that contained the class Ⅰ integron were significantly highly resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (P<0.05), but not to quinolones and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The conclusion was that E.coli isolated from beef cattle were seriously resistant to antimicrobials,and integron/cassettes widely existed. The presence of integrons and the association of antimicrobial resistance determinants with transferable elements might play a crucial role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among E.coli. Data reported here clearly emphasized the need for a stricter application of antimicrobials restriction policies in feedlot setting.