有机硒与维生素E对肉仔鸡肉质性状、血液生化指标及抗氧化指标的影响

试验在肉鸡日粮中添加维生素E（VE）、有机硒,旨在探讨有机硒与VE对肉仔鸡肉质性状、血液生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响。将280只1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分为7组,每组40只,1组不添加有机硒和VE,2组添加100 IU/kg VE,3组添加0.15 mg/kg有机硒和100 IU/kg VE,4组添加0.30 mg/kg有机硒和100 IU/kg VE,5组添加200 IU/kg VE,6组添加0.15 mg/kg有机硒和200 IU/kg VE,7组添加0.30 mg/kg有机硒和200 IU/kg VE。结果显示,添加有机硒与VE对肉仔鸡的全净膛率、屠宰率、胸肌率影响显著（P< 0.05）,对半净膛率、腿肌率无显著影响（P> 0.05）;添加0.15 mg/kg有机硒、100 IU/kg VE可以降低肉仔鸡的滴水损失、蒸煮损失、L^*值及pH,其中蒸煮损失、L^*值与对照组间差异极显著或显著（P< 0.01;P< 0.05）,但对剪切力、a^*、b^*值却无显著影响（P> 0.05）;能够显著或极显著降低血液胆固醇（CHO）及丙二醛（MDA）含量（P< 0.05;P< 0.01）,提高血糖（GLU）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）含量,其中GLU与对照组间差异显著（P< 0.05）,GSH-Px与对照组间差异极显著（P< 0.01）,但对过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量无显著差异（P> 0.05）。     

饲粮添加维生素E和酵母硒对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、孵化性能及蛋中维生素E和硒沉积量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加维生素E和酵母硒对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、孵化性能及蛋中维生素E和硒(Se)沉积量的影响。试验采用3×3双因子设计,设3个维生素E添加水平(0、20、40 IU/kg)和3个Se添加水平(0、0.15、0.30 mg/kg)。选用32周龄快大型岭南黄羽肉鸡父母代种母鸡864只,根据产蛋率和体重一致性原则随机分成9个组,分别为VE_0Se_0组、VE_0Se_(0.15)组、VE_0Se_(0.30)组、VE_(20)Se_0组、VE_(20)Se_(0.15)组、VE_(20)Se_(0.30)组、VE_(40)Se_0组、VE_(40)Se_0.15组和VE_(40)Se_0.30组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。试验期8周。结果表明:1)饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平对黄羽肉种鸡的体增重、平均日产蛋量、料蛋比、平均蛋重、产蛋率、破蛋率和不合格蛋率均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平对黄羽肉种鸡的蛋长径、蛋短径、蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位、蛋黄重、蛋壳重和蛋壳厚度均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平对黄羽肉种鸡的健雏出壳重、孵化率、弱雏率和受精率均无显著影响(P0.05)。4)饲粮中维生素E添加水平对黄羽肉种鸡血浆MDA含量有显著影响(P0.05),随饲粮中维生素E添加水平的升高血浆MDA含量呈降低趋势,其中维生素E添加水平为40 IU/kg时血浆MDA含量显著低于0 IU/kg时(P0.05);饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平对血浆MDA含量有显著交互作用(P0.05),其中VE_(40)Se_0组的血浆MDA含量显著低于VE_0Se_(0.15)和VE_0Se_(0.30)组(P0.05)。5)随饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平的升高,黄羽肉种鸡蛋中维生素E和Se含量显著增加(P0.05);饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平对蛋中维生素E和Se含量有显著交互作用(P0.05)。结果提示,维生素E可以提高黄羽肉种鸡的抗氧化水平,饲粮中维生素E和Se添加水平可以显著影响蛋中维生素E和Se的含量;建议在无任何应激因素刺激和不使用Se缺乏地区饲料原料的情况下,黄羽肉种鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮可以不用额外添加维生素E和Se。     

超氧化物歧化酶模拟物对肉仔鸡肉品质和超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平超氧化物歧化酶模拟物(superoxdie dismutase mimics,SODm)对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。采用单因子试验设计,选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡公雏432只,随机分成6组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%、0.30%SODm,试验期42 d。结果表明:①日粮添加SODm对肉仔鸡平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。②添加0.20%、0.25%和0.30%SODm组胸肌亮度(L~*)值显著低于对照组(P<0.05);除0.10%SODm组外,SODm各组胸肌剪切力均显著低于对照组,滴水损失显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。SODm各组腿肌L~*值均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);0.10%和0.15%SODm组腿肌剪切力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。③21日龄时,与对照组相比,0.30%SODm组血清SOD活性显著降低(P<0.05),其他SODm组血清SOD活性均有提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);42日龄时,添加SODm各组血清SOD活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。④21日龄时,SODm各组肝脏SOD活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加SODm对胸肌和心脏SOD活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。42日龄时,添加0.15%和0.25%SODm组肝脏和心脏SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.25%和0.30%SODm组胸肌和腿肌SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上,本试验条件下,在日粮中添加SODm对肉仔鸡生长性能无显著影响;添加0.15%～0.25%SODm可提高肉仔鸡体内SOD活性,降低肌肉亮度和剪切力,改善肌肉嫩度。     

发酵扶正解毒口服液对肉鸡生产性能、免疫指标及肉品质的影响

本研究旨在探索发酵扶正解毒口服液对肉鸡生产性能、免疫指标及肉品质的影响。利用单因子试验方法,选取1日龄健康肉鸡90只,随机分为3组,分别为：对照组、Ⅰ组（未发酵制剂）和Ⅱ组（发酵制剂）,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。于试验的第21、42日龄测定肉鸡的生长性能和免疫器官发育情况,42日龄测定肉品质。结果显示,与对照组相比,1~42日龄,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日增重分别提高了8.09%和13.76%（P<0.05）,料重比分别降低了2.23%和10.27%（P<0.05）。21、42日龄,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组脾脏指数比对照组分别提高了9.09%（P>0.05）和15.15%（P<0.05）、34.38%和53.13%（P<0.05）,法氏囊指数比对照组分别提高了1.22%（P>0.05）和20.41%（P<0.05）、8.72%和18.97%（P<0.05）,肝脏指数比对照组均有提高;42日龄,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组胸肌的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量、红度（a^*值）、肌苷酸分别比对照组提高了0.57%和2.10%（P<0.05）、1.61%（P>0.05）和4.25%（P<0.05）、49.89%和43.85%（P>0.05）、7.88%和58.62%（P>0.05）、24.50%和31.13%（P<0.05）,胸肌的滴水损失、黄度（b^*值）分别比对照组降低了21.91%和32.24%（P<0.05）、4.55%和21.73%（P>0.05）,Ⅱ组腿肌的肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和肌苷酸含量均比Ⅰ组和对照组显著提高（P<0.05）,滴水损失显著下降（P<0.05）,a^*值均高于Ⅰ组和对照组,亮度（L^*值）、b^*值均低于Ⅰ组和对照组。结果表明,发酵扶正解毒口服液能够显著提高肉鸡生长性能和免疫指标,且能改善其肉品质。     

日粮硒水平对22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能及肉品质的影响

为研究日粮硒水平对22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响,试验选用380只1日龄Arbor Acres（AA）肉公雏,1~21日龄统一饲喂同种正常添加无机硒的玉米-豆粕型日粮（含硒0.47 mg/kg）,于22日龄从中选取体重接近的336只鸡,随机分成6个处理组,每组7个重复,每个重复8只鸡。分别饲喂不添加硒的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮（对照组,含硒0.015 mg/kg）和在基础日粮中分别添加0.10、0.20、0.30、0.40和0.50 mg/kg硒（以亚硒酸钠形式添加）的试验日粮,试验期21 d。结果表明,日粮中添加不同硒水平对22~42日龄肉仔鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著影响（P>0.05）;对42日龄肉仔鸡屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响（P>0.05）;日粮中添加不同硒水平对42日龄肉仔鸡腿肌剪切力和胸肌肉色L^*值有显著影响（P<0.05）,其中添加0.50 mg/kg硒处理组肉鸡的腿肌剪切力最低,添加0.20和0.50 mg/kg硒处理组肉鸡的胸肌肉色L^*值最低,但其他肉质性状指标在各组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述,玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加不同水平硒对22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能与42日龄肉仔鸡胴体性状均无显著影响,但日粮中添加0.50 mg/kg硒降低了腿肌剪切力和胸肌L^*值,对肉品质有一定的改善作用。     

Effect of Monascus Compound Additive on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler

This trial was conducted to study the effect of Monascus compound additives on growth performance and meat quality of broilers.The total of 400 one-day-old Avian broilers were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 20 birds per replicate.The broilers in group Ⅰ(control group),were fed a basal diet,and those in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5%,1% and 1.5% Monascus compound additives,respectively.The experiment lasted for 42 d.At the ending of the experiment,all the birds were weighted and two of each replicate were slaughtered,the samples from breast and leg muscles were taken for meat quality measurement.The results showed as follows:Compared with control group,the ADG increased significantly（P<0.05),and F/D decreased significantly（P<0.05）in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ,but the differences were not significant between group Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P>0.05);Compared with the control group,the muscle redness（a^*）and yellowness（b^*）in all the experimental groups increased significantly（P<0.05),and the drip loss rate decreased significantly（P<0.05),but the muscle lightness（L^*),cooking loss rate and shear force had no significant change（P>0.05),and pH_{24 h} of muscles in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ reduced significantly（P<0.05).In conclusion,adding Monascus compound additives in diets could improve growth performance and meat quality in broiles, and the appropriate level should be 1%.     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soybean meal replacement by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.A total 400 23-day-old Yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others were fed the basal diets with the 3% (group Ⅰ),6% (group Ⅱ) and 9% (group Ⅲ) fermented rapeseed meal equal-nutritionally replacing the soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the ADG,ADFI and F/G of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant differences (P>0.05);The ADG of group Ⅲ were 16.47% (P<0.05),15.03% (P<0.05) higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the F/G of group Ⅲ were 7.71% (P<0.05),4.27% (P>0.05) lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.② There were no significant differences in the pH₁,pH₂₄,meat color (L^*,a^*,b^*),cooking loss and tenderness of chest muscle among all groups(P>0.05);Compared with control group,the water loss rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the serum GLU content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 13.06%(P<0.05),8.12%(P>0.05) and 9.57%(P>0.05);The serum TP content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased by 2.50%(P>0.05),20.86%(P<0.05) and 33.92%(P<0.05);The serum GPT content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 7.99%(P>0.05),18.85%(P>0.05) and 26.98%(P<0.05).It was concluded that it would be feasible to replace the soybean meal with 3% to 9% fermented rapeseed meal in broiler feeding,and the optimum supplemental level of fermented rapeseed meal was 9%.     

发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响。选用23日龄黄羽肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%和9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕。试验期43 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05);与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重分别提高16.47%(P<0.05)、15.03%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低7.71%(P<0.05)和4.27%(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡胸肌的pH₁、pH₂₄、肉色(L^*、a^*、b^*)、蒸煮损失和嫩度差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡胸肌的失水率与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡血清中葡萄糖含量分别降低13.06%(P<0.05)、8.12%(P>0.05)和9.57%(P>0.05);总蛋白含量分别提高2.50%(P>0.05)、20.86%(P<0.05)和33.92%(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶含量分别降低7.99%(P>0.05)、18.85%(P>0.05)和26.98%(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加3%~9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕是可行的,其中添加9%发酵菜籽粕效果最好。     

维生素E和氯化汞对比目鱼生长性能和汞生物学蓄积的交互作用

本研究进行6周的饲养试验,评估维生素E(VE)和汞对比目鱼生长性能和汞生物学蓄积的影响。试验采用2×3因子设计,将360条比目鱼随机分到6组,每组3个重复,每个重复20条鱼。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别在基础日粮中添加100、200 mg/kg VE、15 mg/kg汞、15 mg/kg汞+100 mg/kg VE、15 mg/kg汞+200 mg/kg VE。结果显示,日粮添加汞显著抑制比目鱼的增重、特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白效率(P<0.05),而VE显著改善增重(P<0.05)。汞和VE对试验期间比目鱼的存活率无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮补充VE对比目鱼粗脂肪、水分有一定影响。VE显著降低肌肉、肝脏和肾脏汞含量(P<0.05),但日粮添加汞降低了组织VE含量(P<0.05)。汞显著降低了比目鱼机体二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量(P<0.05),补充VE后显著改善了机体亚麻酸和二十碳五烯酸含量(P<0.05)。结果表明,日粮中添加VE对比目鱼生长发育具有促进作用,同时有降低无机汞在机体蓄积的潜在作用。     

A Correlation Analysis Between Residual Feed Intake and Slaughter Performances and Meat Quality of Beijing-You Chicken

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between residual feed intake (RFI) and some production performances including slaughter performance and meat quality. The RFI and production performances from 400 Beijing-You chickens were used to analyze the correlation of these traits. The results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the average daily gain(ADG)of male chickens were extremely significantly higher than female ones (P<0.01), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was decreased extremely significantly (P<0.01). The percentage of carcass and thigh muscle as well as the redness (a^*) were extremely significantly higher in male chickens than female ones (P<0.01). In male chickens, RFI had positive correlation with FCR, ADFI (P<0.01)and percentage of abdominal fat(P<0.05) and negative correlation with percentage of breast muscle and percentage of thigh muscle(P<0.01). In female chickens, RFI had positive correlation with FCR, ADFI (P<0.01) and ADG (P<0.05), but negative correlation with percentage of thigh muscle (P<0.01). In male chickens, RFI was correlated positively with lightness (L^*) (P<0.01) and chroma (C^*) (P<0.05). While in female chickens, RFI had positive correlation with L^*, yellowness (b^*) (P<0.05), a^* and C^*(P<0.01), but had extremely negative correlation with Hue (H^*) and pH (P<0.01). Therefore, RFI had correlation with some production performances including slaughter performance and meat quality.     

日粮添加酵母硒及维生素E对苏禽3号肉鸡肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究酵母硒及维生素E单独或者联合添加对苏禽3号肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质、抗氧化能力及基因表达的影响。试验选择体重相近的苏禽3号肉鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组60只。分别为对照组、350μg/kg酵母硒添加组(试验1组)、50 mg/kg维生素E添加组(试验2组)、350μg/kg酵母硒+50 mg/kg维生素E组(试验3组),试验期84 d。结果显示:添加维生素E和酵母硒可显著降低试验期死亡率,显著提高生长性能(P<0.05)和屠宰率(P<0.05);显著降低胸肌肉系水力(P<0.05)和肌肉剪切力(P<0.05);显著提高血液SOD、T-AOC活性,降低MDA含量(P<0.05);上调胸肌和腿肌中MyoD、MSTN、Pax7基因表达。研究表明:日粮中联合添加酵母硒和维生素E可以提高肉鸡生长性能,改善肌肉品质,增强肌肉抗氧化能力。     

叶面施硒对紫花苜蓿产草量及吸硒特性的影响

为提高硒肥利用率,探索紫花苜蓿(Medicago saliva)吸硒特性,采用叶面施硒方法,研究硒肥对苜蓿产草量及吸收、转化、利用硒的影响。结果显示:叶面施硒能提高苜蓿产草量,并随施硒量增加呈先升后降,以施硒100 mg·kg^-1增产最好,显著高于未施硒苜蓿(P<0.05),但与施硒50,70和200 mg·kg^-1苜蓿差异不显著;苜蓿吸收外源硒能力随施硒量增加而提升,而有机硒转化率及硒肥利用率随施硒量提高呈先升后降趋势;施硒苜蓿有机硒转化率均显著高于未施硒苜蓿(P<0.05),但施硒苜蓿间差异不显著,而硒肥利用率以施硒50 mg·kg^-1最高。     

Effect of DEX and LPS on Growth Performance,Nutrient Metabolism,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Intestinal Morphology Development of Broiler Chickens

This research was to study the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPX) and dexamethasone (DEX) on the growth performance,nutrient metabolism and blood biochemical indexes and intestinal morphology development of broiler chickens. 224 AA broilers with similar body weight and 1-day-old were chosen and divided into 4 groups randomly,which were immune group (NV group),normal immune group (CV group),immunosuppression group (DEX group) and immune hyperthyroidism group (LPS group) with 7 replicates per group and 8 broilers per replicate. At 15,17 and 19 d,chicken of LPS and DEX groups were intramuscular injected with 500 μg/(kg·BW) LPS or 2.5 mg/(kg·BW) DEX,respectively,while chicken of NV and CV groups was injected with normal saline in the same volume. The experiment was lasted for 42 d with 7 d preliminary trial period. The results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) were decreased significantly (P<0.05) by LPS and DEX immunological stress,there were was no significant difference in feed to gain ratio (F/G) among experimental groups (P>0.05).The apparent metabolic rate of organic matter (DM) was no significantly affected by LPS and DEX immunological stress,while that of dry matter (OM),crude protein (CP),Ca and P were declined significantly at 36-42 d (P<0.05). At 21 and 42 d,GLU,UA and MDA levels were not significantly different among experimental groups (P>0.05).At 21 d,the contents of serum IL-6 and TNF-α in DEX and LPS groups were significantly higher than those in NV and CV groups (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference at 42 d (P>0.05).The wall thickness,mucosa thickness, villus height and the ratio of villus length to crypt depth were reduced by LPS and DEX at 21 and 42 d of broilers. In summary,LPS and DEX had an important influence on the apparent digestibility of DM,CP,Ca and P.DEX and LPS could damage the intestinal morphology of broilers,reduce the apparent metabolic rate,affect the feed intake and body weight,decrease growth performance.     

The Quality Evaluation of Different Anatomical Locations of Yunling Cattle

In order to define the quality characteristics of different anatomical locations of Yunling cattle,the pressing loss rate,cooking loss rate,shear force,pH, L^* value,a^* value,b^* value,crude protein content,crude fat content and moisture of supraspinatus (SU),infraspinatus (IF),triceps brachii (TB),rhomboideus (RH),serratus ventraliscervicis (SVC),splenius (SP),psoas major (PM),longissimus dorsi (LD),latissimus dorsi (LA),semimembranosus (SM),semitendinosus (ST),biceps femoris (BF),gluteus medius (GM),rectusfemoris (RF),vastus lateralis (VL), tensor fasciae latae (TFL) from Yunling cattle carcass were determined.The quality traits of Yunling cattle meat among different anatomical locations were analyzed using variance,correlation and standardization analysis. The result showed that there were significant differences in quality traits among various anatomical locations (P<0.05). The SU,IF,PM,SVC and TFL had higher tenderness comparing to other muscles with shear force values less than 4 kg,while the water holding capacity of SP,ST and VL was poorer than other muscles. The ST had the highest L^* value among all muscles. There was significantly positive correlation between shear force and pressing loss, cooking loss rate. The LD and ST had similar quality characteristic,while BF,GM and VL had similar quality characteristic. It was showed that different parts of muscle had significant effect on Yunling cattle meat quality.The quality of forequarter meat was better, which could be used to develop high-end products.     

酵母硒对吉林芦花鸡蛋品质及生产性能的影响

为研究添加不同浓度的酵母硒对吉林芦花鸡生产性能、蛋硒含量、蛋品质、鸡蛋胆固醇含量的影响,试验选用健康的21周龄吉林芦花鸡96只,平均体重1622 g。随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其他3组分别添加0.3、0.6、0.9 mg/kg的酵母硒。预试期5 d,正式期21 d。结果表明:各组间料蛋比、采食量、哈氏单位、鸡蛋颜色无显著差异(P>0.05);0.3 mg/kg酵母硒组的平均蛋重极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01),产蛋率、软破壳蛋率均极显著高于其他3组(P<0.01);0.6 mg/kg酵母硒组的蛋黄比率、软破壳蛋率极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01);0.9 mg/kg酵母硒组胆固醇含量极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01);料蛋比(P=0.087)和胆固醇(P=0.061)随着酵母硒添加量的增加有降低的趋势。0.6 mg/kg酵母硒组蛋硒含量极显著高于对照组和0.3 mg/kg酵母硒组(P<0.01),显著高于0.9 mg/kg酵母硒组(P<0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,酵母硒适宜添加量为0.6 mg/kg。     

茶树油对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及脏器指数的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同剂量茶树油对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻情况、血清生化指标和脏器指数的影响,并探究其替代抗生素的可行性。试验选取21日龄、体重（6.73±0.12）kg的健康杜洛克×长白猪×大白猪三元杂交断奶仔猪120头,随机分为5组,分别为对照组（CON组,基础日粮）、抗生素组（ANT组,基础日粮+200 mg/kg 10%硫酸黏菌素+75 mg/kg 15%金霉素）、低剂量茶树油组（LTO组,基础日粮+50 mg/kg茶树油）、中剂量茶树油组（MTO组,基础日粮+100 mg/kg茶树油）和高剂量茶树油组（HTO组,基础日粮+150 mg/kg茶树油）,每组6个重复,每个重复4头仔猪。正试期21 d。试验期间,测定每组仔猪的平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）及料重比（F/G）;在试验结束时,每个重复选取1头仔猪采血后屠宰,取心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胸腺、胰脏,测定脏器指数。结果显示：①MTO、HTO组ADG较CON组分别增加8.33%和14.84%（P>0.05）,F/G分别降低9.58%和7.78%（P>0.05）,二者均与ANT组无显著差异（P>0.05）;②与CON组相比,ANT、MTO和HTO组腹泻率和腹泻指数均显著降低（P<0.05）,其中MTO组降幅最大;③与ANT组相比,MTO、HTO组谷草转氨酶（AST）及谷氨酰基转移酶（GGT）活性显著降低（P<0.05）,LTO、HTO组葡萄糖（GLU）含量显著降低（P<0.05）,各组血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLOB）和白蛋白/球蛋白（A/G）均无显著差异（P>0.05）;④与ANT组相比,MTO、HTO组的肝脏指数显著升高（P<0.05）,LTO组胸腺指数显著升高（P<0.05）。综上所述,在日粮中添加适量茶树油（100 mg/kg）可一定程度促进断奶仔猪生长、降低腹泻,促进肝脏和胸腺的发育,可一定程度替代抗生素的使用。     

不同硒源及硒水平对产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究添加不同水平的亚硒酸钠和酵母硒对产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。试验选用23周龄北京油鸡和罗曼粉杂交一代产蛋母鸡648只,随机分为12组,每组6个重复,每个重复9只鸡,进行为期8周的饲养试验。试验1~6组在基础日粮中分别添加含硒0.3、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠,试验7~12组在基础日粮中分别添加含硒0.3、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0 mg/kg的酵母硒。结果表明,在产蛋鸡的饲料中添加5.0 mg/kg以内的亚硒酸钠或酵母硒都有提高产蛋率的趋势(P＞0.05),且对蛋品质无明显不良影响。若以提高产蛋率为目的,亚硒酸钠的添加水平以2.0 mg/kg为宜,酵母硒的添加水平以3.0 mg/kg为宜。酵母硒的使用效果优于亚硒酸钠。酵母硒组采食量和蛋壳强度显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P＜0.05),亚硒酸钠组蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著高于酵母硒组(P＜0.05)。     

茶多酚和酵母硒及其互作对绿壳蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄中胆固醇和硒含量的影响

本研究旨在探讨茶多酚和酵母硒及其互作对绿壳蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄中胆固醇和硒含量的影响。试验选用810只44周龄健康绿壳蛋鸡,随机分成9个组,每组5个重复,每个重复18只鸡。采用2因素3水平试验设计,在基础饲粮中分别添加不同剂量的茶多酚和酵母硒构成试验饲粮,茶多酚设0、200、400 mg/kg 3个添加水平,酵母硒(按硒计)设0、0.25、0.50 mg/kg 3个添加水平。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加茶多酚和酵母硒均有提高平均蛋重的趋势(P>0.05),添加200、400 mg/kg茶多酚能显著提高产蛋率且显著降低料蛋比(P<0.05);2)饲粮中添加茶多酚和酵母硒对蛋黄指数、蛋黄色泽和哈氏单位均有提高的趋势(P>0.05),添加0.50 mg/kg酵母硒能显著提高蛋形指数(P<0.05),同时使蛋壳厚度显著下降(P<0.05),添加200、400 mg/kg茶多酚能显著减缓鸡蛋在贮藏过程中哈氏单位的下降(P<0.01);3)饲粮中添加200、400 mg/kg茶多酚均能显著降低蛋黄胆固醇含量(P<0.01),添加0.25、0.50 mg/kg酵母硒均能显著提高蛋黄硒含量(P<0.01);4)茶多酚和酵母硒的互作对生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄中胆固醇和硒含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,在基础饲粮中采用400 mg/kg茶多酚和0.25 mg/kg酵母硒的添加组合对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质不会产生拮抗作用,并可有效生产"富硒+低胆固醇"的绿壳鸡蛋。     

Effects of Selenium Yeast on Growth Performance and Some Blood Biochemical Indexes in Laying Ducks of Rearing Period in Cages under High Ambient Temperature

The study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of selenium yeast(SeY, added as selenium content) on growth performance and some biochemical indexes in Jinding laying ducks under high temperature (29-35℃). 144 Jinding laying ducks of rearing period (10-16 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups, control group, experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ, supplemented with 0, 0.15, 0.45 and 0.75 mg/kg Se, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, the addition of SeY to the diets could significantly increase the average daily feed intakes (ADFI) of ducks at 14-16 weeks old (P<0.05); The body weights of ducks in group Ⅰ at 13-15 weeks old were significant higher than that in the control group (P<0.05),and the body weight at 16 weeks old was higher than the other three groups significantly (P<0.05),there was no significant difference between the body weight and standard body weight at 16 weeks old in group Ⅰ(P>0.05), but the body weights of other three groups were extremely significantly lower than the standard weight (P<0.01); There was no significant difference among the four groups for feed to gain ratios (F/G), while the group Ⅰ was the lowest; AST activities of group Ⅰ were significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P<0.05), LDH activities of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were lower than the control group significantly (P<0.05), and LDH activities of groupⅠ were lower than groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ significantly (P<0.05). TCH concentrations of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were higher than group Ⅲ significantly (P<0.05). It is concluded that the addition of 0.15 mg/kg of Se (added as SeY) could obviously improve the growth performance of the laying ducks in reared cages, protect the function of liver, promote the TCH concentrations of duck serum.     

酵母硒对肉仔鸡的生物安全性评价

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平酵母硒对爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡生长性能、血液血红蛋白含量和红细胞压积、血浆生化指标、器官指数和组织结构变化的影响,进而评价酵母硒对肉仔鸡的生物安全性。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,选用288只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡(公母各占1/2)。各组分别在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加0、0.4、2.4和4.9 mg/kg(以硒计)的酵母硒试验。试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.4和2.4 mg/kg酵母硒显著提高了22~42日龄肉仔鸡平均日采食量(P0.05);饲粮添加0.4、2.4和4.9 mg/kg酵母硒显著提高了1~42日龄肉仔鸡平均日增重(P0.05),而各酵母硒添加组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。2)饲粮添加不同水平酵母硒除对21日龄肉仔鸡血浆尿素氮含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性以及42日龄肉仔鸡血浆GSH-Px活性有显著影响(P0.05)外,对其他血浆生化指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,各酵母硒添加组21和42日龄肉仔鸡血浆GSH-Px活性随着酵母硒添加水平的增加均显著提高(P0.05),且饲粮添加2.4 mg/kg酵母硒显著降低了21日龄肉仔鸡血浆尿素氮含量(P0.05)。3)饲粮添加不同水平酵母硒对21和42日龄肉仔鸡血液血红蛋白含量和红细胞压积及42日龄肉仔鸡器官指数均无显著影响(P0.05),且并未引起主要器官的组织结构变化。综上所述,肉仔鸡饲粮中酵母硒的添加水平为0.4 mg/kg(饲粮中总硒含量为0.41 mg/kg)时,具有10倍的安全系数,即饲粮中以酵母硒形式添加硒对肉仔鸡是安全的。