米曲霉0-8固态发酵条件优化及其发酵产物对肉仔鸡日粮养分消化的影响

试验通过筛选高产蛋白酶米曲霉及其固态发酵条件优化,获得高酶活固态发酵物,并应用于肉仔鸡日粮,以期为提高肉仔鸡日粮蛋白质等养分利用提供技术手段。经过对8种不同米曲霉孢子产品进行初筛、复筛后获得一株产酸性蛋白酶较高的米曲霉菌株0-8,采用单因素和正交试验设计,对其产酸性蛋白酶发酵条件进行优化。结果表明：米曲霉菌株0-8产酸性蛋白酶培养的最适温度30℃、发酵时间66 h、初始水分47.40%、接种量1.5×107个/mL、麸皮含量80%、碳氮比（C/N）为1/3,优化后酸性蛋白酶活力达14 416.64 U/g,比优化前提高了157.02%。在肉仔鸡日粮中添加米曲霉0-8发酵物500 mg/kg,经过适应期10 d、正试期5 d的饲养试验,结果表明：与对照组相比,添加米曲霉0-8发酵物对粗蛋白质及能量消化率均有一定提高,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。日粮添加米曲霉发酵物有益于肉仔鸡的生产,但其添加水平及方式有待进一步研究。     

香蕉茎叶粉固态发酵条件优化及鹅对其养分利用率的研究

本试验旨在研究应用固态发酵技术改善香蕉茎叶粉养分组成的工艺参数及鹅对其养分的利用率。选择米曲霉和产朊假丝酵母作为发酵菌种,逐步探究5个因素(单菌种发酵、硫酸铵添加量、米曲霉和产朊假丝酵母接种比例、混合菌液接种量)对发酵后香蕉茎叶粉蛋白质含量的影响。利用正交设计筛选最优发酵温度、底物水分和发酵时间的组合。结果显示:米曲霉和产朊假丝酵母单独发酵均能显著或极显著提高发酵后香蕉茎叶粉的粗蛋白质含量(P0.05或P0.01)。添加硫酸铵能显著或极显著提高发酵后香蕉茎叶粉的真蛋白质含量(P0.05或P0.01),其中添加2%硫酸铵组的真蛋白质含量最高。米曲霉∶产朊假丝酵母接种比例为2∶1的处理发酵后香蕉茎叶粉的蛋白质净增加量显著或极显著高于比例为1∶1、1∶3和3∶2的处理(P0.05或P0.01)。正交试验结果显示,以4%的接种量、接种比例为2∶1(米曲霉∶产朊假丝酵母)、2%的硫酸铵添加量,在基质水分为50%,30℃的环境下发酵4 d效果最佳。经过该工艺发酵后的香蕉茎叶粉粗蛋白质含量提高了33.82%,氨基酸分析结果显示,除赖氨酸和精氨酸外其余的15种氨基酸含量均有不同程度的提高。马冈鹅的代谢试验结果显示,发酵后香蕉茎叶粉中的粗蛋白质利用率提高了52.66%,极显著高于发酵前(P0.01);此外,代谢能和能量利用率也都略有提高(P0.05)。由此可见,经过该发酵工艺发酵后的香蕉茎叶粉营养价值不仅得到了改善,也促进了鹅对其养分的消化吸收。     

混菌固态发酵法生产大豆多肽饲料的研究

采用枯草芽孢杆菌、米曲霉和酿酒酵母混合菌株固态发酵法生产大豆多肽饲料。利用枯草芽孢杆菌和米曲霉分泌蛋白酶降解基料中的蛋白质,使其分解成小肽;利用米曲霉将淀粉和纤维素降解为简单糖类物质;利用酿酒酵母分解糖类,产生醇香味,增加多肽饲料的适口性。以高温豆粕为原料,研究了发酵培养基组成、接种菌配比、接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间对发酵豆粕中多肽得率的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件:豆麸比为8:1(m:m),加蜜量为2%,混菌菌种比(枯草芽孢杆菌、米曲霉、酿酒酵母)为5:1:1(V:V:V),加水量为120%,接种量为25%,发酵温度为34℃,发酵时间为96 h。最终发酵物中多肽得率达54.89%,发酵产物中多肽含量为21.47%(干基)。     

两种不同发酵工艺的棉籽粕营养价值的研究

利用现代固态发酵原理,研究两种不同发酵工艺对棉粕脱毒效果及其营养价值的影响。工艺一是使用本实验室保存的两株菌直接进行固态发酵,工艺二是在工艺一的基础上添加酶解液进行固态发酵。试验结果表明(以干物质计),棉籽粕发酵和发酵酶解产品中游离棉酚分别降低到197.68 mg/kg和202.35 mg/kg,粗蛋白质分别提高到59.64%和60.88%,小肽含量分别提高到19.41%和23.59%。来航蛋公鸡强饲代谢试验结果表明,发酵和发酵酶解棉籽粕的能量和营养物质消化率均高于未发酵棉粕。肉鸡饲养试验结果表明,发酵棉粕按50%、75%和发酵酶解棉粕按75%的比例替代基础日粮中的豆粕,不影响肉鸡的日采食量。国标二级高游离棉酚棉籽粕经过固态发酵处理后,外观蓬松变软,气味芳香,其营养价值得到显著改善。蛋公鸡的营养物质及能量消化率得到显著提高,同时益生菌及生物酶活性增加,在肉仔鸡日粮中的应用不影响日采食量。     

米曲霉发酵豆粕营养特性的研究

通过米曲霉对豆粕进行发酵,对发酵后豆粕的常规营养组成,粗蛋白质的组成、蛋白质的营养特性进行了分析,并将分析结果校正至发酵前的底物含量,探讨微生物发酵对豆粕中各营养组分的改造程度。结果表明:经检测,与未发酵豆粕相比,发酵豆粕中粗蛋白含量无显著变化,但其组成发生了改变,真蛋白质降低了19.19%(P<0.05),生成了2.02%的微生物蛋白,非蛋白氮水平增加了369.08%(P<0.05);发酵豆粕中大分子蛋白(>60 ku)和中分子蛋白(30～60 ku)被降解为小分子蛋白(<30 ku),有效消除了大豆抗原和抗营养因子。同时,发酵使豆粕中NDF、ADF和NFE的含量分别显著降低了16.77%(P<0.05)、12.57%(P<0.05)、22.25%(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量增加了179.25%;但豆粕发酵后底物重量、蛋白质和总能分别损失了5.14%、3.06%和3.86%。这表明米曲霉发酵过程中以损耗一部分碳水化合物和蛋白质作为代价,使豆粕本身蛋白质发生了一定程度的分解,从而获得了一种饲用特性更高的蛋白饲料。     

饲喂发酵饲料对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率、肠道健康和肉品质的影响

【目的】本试验旨在研究肉鸡生长前期(1～21日龄)饲喂发酵饲料对其生长性能、养分利用率、肠道健康和肉品质的影响。【方法】选用1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡公鸡240只,随机分入4个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。4组肉鸡生长前期(1～21日龄)分别饲喂添加0、5%、10%、15%发酵饲料的试验饲粮,生长后期(22～42日龄)均饲喂不含发酵料的基础饲粮,试验期为42 d。试验第21和42天时,测定肉鸡的1～21日龄、22～42日龄和1～42日龄生长性能、19～21日龄和40～42日龄养分利用率、42日龄肠道菌的数量和42日龄肉品质等指标。【结果】与对照组相比,饲喂10%发酵饲料显著降低肉鸡1～21日龄料重比(P<0.05);饲喂15%发酵饲料显著提高肉鸡1～42日龄平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),显著提高19～21日龄肉鸡干物质利用率和能量代谢率(P<0.05)。前期饲喂发酵饲料对42日龄肉鸡的盲肠菌群数量影响不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,饲喂发酵饲料显著降低42日龄肉鸡肌肉中胆固醇含量(P<0.05)。【结论】生长前期饲喂10%的发酵饲料显著...     

发酵棉粕及其他营养素对肉鸡脂肪代谢影响的研究进展

现代肉鸡饲养管理方法,使鸡种表现出增重迅速、出栏日龄逐年缩短,但是在这一过程中,易造成肉鸡脂肪过度沉积。过多的脂肪沉积降低胴体品质、降低饲料转化率,提高了养殖成本;肉鸡分割和深加工过程中没有商业价值的脂肪组织被剔除,降低了屠体产量;此外,肝脏脂肪过度沉积会引发脂肪肝等代谢疾病,增加肉鸡死淘率;同时,消费者也不愿购买脂肪含量过高的肉制品,这些都给肉鸡养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失。发酵棉粕营养价值高,其发酵微生物、发酵产物等可直接降低肉鸡脂肪沉积,也可通过影响肉鸡脂肪代谢相关基因来调控脂肪沉积,除此之外,改变肠道微生物菌落结构也是发酵棉粕调控脂肪代谢的一个可能原因。此外,植物提取物、益生菌等均能显著影响肉鸡脂肪代谢。文章简述了肉鸡脂肪代谢,并总结了发酵饲料尤其是发酵棉粕对肉鸡脂肪代谢的调控作用,以期为肉鸡健康养殖和饼粕资源的开发利用提供理论基础。     

Copper and lysine amino acid density responses in commercial broilers

Nutritional modulation of live performance and meat yield must be continuously tested as broiler strains become more efficient every year. This study evaluates both copper- and lysine-derived amino acid balance. In experiment 1, amino acid balance (high, moderate, and low) and copper (5 and 200 ppm) were investigated in a factorial array of treatments (6 treatments with 8 replications; 1,536 Cobb 500 male broilers across 48 floor pens from 1–40 d of age; 32 birds per pen). In experiment 2, amino acid density (high and low) was assessed in 2 broiler strains (a multipurpose and a high-yield strain) obtained from the field in a factorial array of treatments (4 treatments with 21 replications; 1,344 multipurpose and 1,344 high-yield broilers across 84 floor pens from 1–42 d of age; 32 birds per pen). Amino acid density treatments were created by altering digestible lysine and other essentials amino acids at a fixed ratio. Copper and amino acid density did not interact, but supplementing broilers with 200 ppm of copper in the form of tribasic copper chloride improved growth rate. Lysine-derived amino acid density improved performance and yields, but should be assessed as strains are improved for efficiency to ensure digestible lysine adequacy in the nutrient formulation matrix. Although both copper and lysine influence growth rate, interactive effects were not assessed in this study.     

Effects of Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis Mixed Fermentation Feed on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers

The purpose of this experiment was to study the usage and proportion of fermented feed in broiler feed.By adding 0,10% and 20% fermented complete formula feed to the broiler feed,and granulating normally,the influence of the usage mode of the fermented feed on the production performance,slaughter performance,intestinal tract and other related indexes of the broiler feed were studied,so as to provide reference for the application of the fermented feed in the broiler feed.180 1-day-old healthy AA male broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 10 chickens in each replicate.The three treatment groups were fed with 0,10% and 20% of the total fermented feed for 42 days.The results showed that:From the whole period (1-42 days old),the 10% fermentation feed substitution group significantly reduced the feed consumption and weight gain ratio (P<0.05),and the average daily weight gain increased (P=0.05).At 42 days old,there was no significant effect of fermented feed on slaughter performance (P>0.05).The ileal crypt depth of broilers in the 20% fermentation feed replacement group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the 10% replacement group (P<0.05).The length of duodenal villi and V/C in 20% and 10% fermentative feed substitution group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The results showed that the replacement of 10% fermented feed in broiler feed could reduce the ratio of feed to weight gain,increase the average daily gain,and have a certain impact on intestinal development.     

植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌混菌发酵饲料对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肠道结构的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵饲料在肉鸡饲料中的使用方法和添加比例。在肉鸡饲料中添加0、10%、20%发酵全价饲料,正常制粒,研究其对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肠道等相关指标的影响,为发酵饲料在肉鸡饲料中的应用提供参考。选择1日龄爱拔益加（AA）健康肉仔公鸡180只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。3个处理组分别饲喂含发酵全价饲料0（F0组）、10%（F10组）、20%的日粮（F20组）,饲养时间42 d。结果表明,从全期来看（1~42日龄）,10%发酵饲料替代组显著降低了料重比（P<0.05）,平均日增重有增加的趋势（P=0.05）。42日龄时,发酵饲料对屠宰性能无显著影响（P>0.05）;20%发酵饲料替代组肉鸡的回肠隐窝深度显著高于对照组和10%替代组（P<0.05）;20%和10%发酵饲料替代组肉鸡十二指肠绒毛长度、十二指肠和空肠的绒毛长度/隐窝深度（V/C）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。以上结果提示,肉鸡饲料中以10%的发酵全价饲料替代可以降低料重比,提高平均日增重,并对肠道发育有一定的影响。     

Effects of fungal (Aspergillus niger or Ceriporiopsis subvermispora) fermentation on the nutritive value of shea nut (Vitellaria paradoxa) meal for broiler chicks

1. Shea nut (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn.) meal was fermented for 8 d with either Aspergillus niger, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora or a mixture of the two organisms. The fermentation was completed using two methods, an opened container or a closed container. 2. Each of the 6 samples was dried and incorporated into basal broiler diets at 90 g/kg. 3. In addition, the unfermented shea nut meal was incorporated in the diet at 90 g/kg and the basal diet (maize and soybean meal based) was also provided as an eighth dietary treatment to individually caged broiler chickens. 4. All fermented fungi-treated shea nut meals had similar proximate nutrient compositions to the unfermented shea nut meal, but there were substantial decreases in their hydrolysable tannins and saponin contents. Both fermentation methods gave similar reductions in the concentrations of tannins and saponins. 5. Shea nut meal fermented with individual or both fungal organisms gave greater (P < 0.001) growth performance than that of unfermented shea nut meal. However, all shea nut meals including the unfermented meal gave lower (P < 0.001) growth variables than those for the maize-soybean meal control. 6. The nutritional improvement of shea nut meal achieved in this study still falls far short of what is expected for it to become valuable for the poultry feed industry. These fermentation methods using A. niger or C. subvermispora require further improvements to provide satisfactory feed products.     

米曲霉固体发酵降解豆粕植酸及其生长条件的优化

本试验旨在优化豆粕米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)固体发酵条件,使豆粕中的植酸降解到最低水平且发酵菌种的生物量达到最大值,同时了解植酸降解和发酵菌种生物量增长的相关性.采用Box-Behnken设计的响应面法来优化料水比、接种量和发酵时间,试验共设17组,共5个发酵条件,每个发酵条件设3个水平(料水比分别...     

混菌固态发酵白酒糟开发为蛋白质饲料的条件优化及营养价值评定

本试验旨在优化白地霉、米曲霉、绿色木霉和枯草芽孢杆菌混菌固态发酵白酒糟开发为蛋白质饲料的条件,并评定其营养价值。将白地霉、米曲霉、绿色木霉和枯草芽孢杆菌按照1∶1∶1∶1混合后按10%接种到培养基中,采用L16(54)正交试验设计,共5个发酵条件,分别为基料、尿素、磷酸二氢钾、p H、水分,每个条件4个变量,共16组发酵条件。按条件配制好的混合物放置于(30±2)℃中培养72 h。对发酵前后真蛋白质、粗纤维含量进行极差分析确定最优条件,再比较最优条件发酵前后白酒糟营养水平和氨基酸组成的变化。结果显示:1)基料按照80%白酒糟、10%麸皮、5%玉米粉、5%菜籽粕配比,尿素添加量为1.5%,磷酸二氢钾添加量为0.7%,p H为5、水分为50%时发酵效果最好,为最优发酵条件。2)最优条件下发酵后白酒糟与发酵前相比,真蛋白质含量提高了57.85%(P0.01);粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪含量分别降低了42.39%、31.95%、27.73%、21.48%(P0.01);钙、磷含量分别提高了16.67%和68.18%(P0.01);总氨基酸含量提高了24.47%,其中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和脯氨酸含量分别提高了109.68%、38.09%、39.39%、71.43%、28.93%、10.87%和3.70%。综上可得,利用白地霉、米曲霉、绿色木霉和枯草芽孢杆菌混菌发酵白酒糟的最佳条件是:基料组成80%白酒糟、10%麸皮、5%玉米粉、5%菜籽粕,尿素1.5%,磷酸二氢钾0.7%,p H 5,水分50%,发酵产物的真蛋白质含量为24.34%。     

复合菌固态发酵对杂粕营养价值的影响

本试验以我国产量高且价格低廉的棉籽粕和菜籽粕为原料,按1:1的比例混合作为杂粕,采用黑曲霉、米曲霉和枯草芽孢杆菌混合固态发酵,分析发酵前后常规营养成分、氨基酸、酶活性、抗营养因子和霉菌毒素含量的变化,探索微生物固态发酵对杂粕营养价值的改善作用.结果表明:(1)与发酵前相比,发酵后粗蛋白质、粗灰分、钙、磷含量分别提高了1...     

蛋白酶和益生菌复合制剂对白羽肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率和粪便有害气体排放的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加蛋白酶和益生菌复合制剂对白羽肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率和粪便有害气体排放的影响.试验选取体重接近、健康的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡192只,按照体重随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复12只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂添加蛋白酶、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、酵母菌复合制剂的基...     

Influences of wet feeding and supplementation with ascorbic acid on performance and carcass composition of broiler chicks exposed to a high ambient temperature.

In two experiments was investigated whether feeding with an air-dry feed mixed with different amounts of water and/or supplemental ascorbic acid affect performance and carcass compositions of broilers exposed to a high ambient temperature (35 to 37 degrees C for 8 h/d and thermoneutral for 16 h/d). In the first trial, 64 one-week-old male broiler chicks were fed ad libitum in four dietary treatment groups for a 6-week period. Experimental mash diets were prepared by mixing a maize-soybean based standard broiler starter or finisher with tap water in the ratios of 0.0:1.0, 0.5:1.0, 1.0:1.0 and 1.5:1.0 (water:air-dry feed, w/w). More water in the diet increased BWG, DMI, abdominal fat and carcass weight, carcass CP, crude fat, but it deteriorated DM conversion efficiency. In the second experiment, 64 one-week-old male broiler chicks were given air-dry or wet (water:feed, 1.5:1) starter or finisher diets without or with ascorbic acid supplementation (0 and 250 mg/kg air-dry feed, resp.) ad libitum for a 6-week period. Ascorbic acid supplementation increased BWG, carcass weight and carcass CP significantly, while reducing carcass crude fat content. However, feeding broilers with a diet mixed with water in a ratio of 1.5:1.0 increased BWG, DMI, carcass weight and carcass lipid markedly, but deteriorated DM conversion efficiency. There was also a significant interaction between ascorbic acid and wet feeding, whereby ascorbic acid supplementation induced a significant reduction in carcass lipid contents of broilers fed on air-dry diets but not on wet diets. It is concluded that wet feeding, especially an addition of 150% water to produce a porridge like consistency, improved growth performance by increasing fat, ash and protein deposition in the body, while reducing DM conversion efficiency. It is also concluded that under heat stress supplemental ascorbic acid in air-dry diets stimulates broiler performance but not in wet diets.     

Effect of supplemental zinc source and corn particle size on 40-day broiler performance

Zinc (Zn) supplementation source and particle size of feed ingredients are two factors that can affect poultry performance and should be considered for proper feeding of poultry. The objective of the current study was to assess the effects of Zn supplementation source and corn particle size on broiler performance, breast yield, and tibia Zn concentration. Treatments were arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial randomized complete block design with the main effects Zn treatment and corn particle size (550 micron vs. 1,050 micron). Zinc treatments included a basal diet (no added Zn), 80 mg/kg Zn sulfate, and 3 diets with 40 mg/kg Zn sulfate + 40 mg/kg of either Zn-glycine amino acid (AA) chelate (Zn-gly), Zn-AA complex (Zn-AA), or Zn bis(-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio)butanoic acid (Zn-HMTBA). A total of 8 replications per treatment were fed to 23 broilers per pen from d one to 40. A Zn treatment x corn particle size interaction was observed for ending bird weight (EBW; P < 0.05) demonstrating that feeding small particle corn produced larger broilers except when supplemental Zn was not included. Broilers fed small particle corn or diets supplemented with Zn consumed the most feed (P < 0.05); however, FCR was decreased (P < 0.05) by 1.9 points for broilers fed large particle corn diets. Tibia Zn concentration was higher (P < 0.0001) for Zn supplemented diets, but no other treatment effects were observed. In conclusion, Zn supplement source had little effect on broiler performance; however, Zn supplementation per se optimized performance.     

Effects of Probiotics Interaction on Growth Performance,Intestinal Digestion and Absorption,and Sugar Transporter GLUT2 in Broilers

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic interaction on growth performance, intestinal nutrient digestion and absorption, and related sugar transporters in broiler. Two hundred 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were selected, and then randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 for each replicate. Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis were mixed in proportion, and then fermented in milk. The chicks in the control group received normal drinking water, the chicks in probiotic group Ⅰ (mixed ratio of 2:1:1), group Ⅱ (mixed ratio of 1:2:1), and group III (mixed ratio of 1:1:2) received drinking water supplemented with 1% compound probiotics. All chickens were fed with normal diet for 42 days, every 21 days as a stage. The results showed that: 1) Compared to control group, the ADG(P<0.05) and feed conversion ratio (P>0.05) of broilers in all probiotic groups were improved. Furthermore, the production performance of broilers in probiotic group Ⅰ was higher than those of probiotic group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. 2) Compared to control group, specific activities of amylase, lipase, trypsin in jejunum of probiotic groups increased significantly (P<0.05). 3) In all probiotic groups, the intestinal villus height increased significantly (P<0.05), crypt depth decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), particularly in probiotic group Ⅰ and Ⅲ, was significantly upregulated (P<0.05). In conclusion, probiotics interaction can enhance digestive enzyme activity, improve the structure of digestive tract, upregulate the expression of nutrient transporter, improve the nutrient digestibility and energy absorption efficiency, and further improve production performance of broiler. When the mixing ratio of L. casei, L. acidophilus and B. lactis was 2:1:1, the compound probiotics had a better effect on broilers.     

益生菌互作对肉鸡生长性能、肠道消化吸收及糖转运蛋白GLUT2影响的研究

旨在研究益生菌互作对肉鸡生长性能、肠道养分消化吸收及相关糖转运蛋白的影响。本研究中,200只1日龄雄性爱拔益加肉雏鸡被随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。将干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌分别按比例混合后于牛乳中发酵。对照组正常饮水（control组）,益生菌Ⅰ组（混合比例为2：1：1）、Ⅱ组（混合比例为1：2：1）、Ⅲ组（混合比例为1：1：2）补充1%复合菌乳制品于饮用水中,各组皆饲喂基础日粮。整个试验饲养周期为42 d,每21 d为一个阶段。结果表明：1）与对照组相比,益生菌互作组均可显著提高肉鸡平均日增重（P<0.05）,改善饲料利用率（P>0.05）,在所有益生菌互作组中,益生菌Ⅰ组的肉鸡生长性能最好;2）益生菌互作显著刺激了空肠淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶的特异性活性（P<0.05）;3）益生菌互作组均显著提高了小肠绒毛高度（P<0.05）,降低了隐窝深度（P<0.05）,上调了GLUT2 mRNA的表达（P<0.05）,其中,以益生菌Ⅰ、Ⅲ组作用最佳。综上所述,益生菌互作能够增强消化酶活性、改善消化道结构、上调营养转运蛋白表达,提高养分的消化率及能量吸收有效性,从而提高肉鸡的生产性能;且当干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌的混合配比为2：1：1时,复合益生菌制剂对肉鸡的作用效果较佳。     

Effects of different management factors on broiler performance and incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia

(1) This study was to determine the effects of two lighting programmes (continuous--24L:0D or intermittent--12L:3(1L:3D)), two feeding programmes (continuous--ad libitum or meal Jeeding--3 h feed:3 h deprivation x 4 times per d) and two ascorbic acid (AA) supplementations (0 or 150 mg/l in water) on broiler performance and incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). (2) One-day-old male commercial (Ross PM3) broiler chicks (1600) were used. The chicks were randomly divided into 8 treatment groups (2 x 2 x 2) and their replicates (2) replicates per treatment). (3) Intermittent lighting increased body weight and improved feed conversion. Body weight of broilers was decreased by meal feeding. AA supplementation had no significant effect on the body weight and feed conversion ratio. There was no lighting x feeding x supplemental AA interaction for body weight, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and carcase weight. (4) Supplemental AA improved the cortical thickness of tibiotarsus and decreased the incidence of TD. (5) It was concluded that the application of intermittent lighting in combination with supplementation of 150 mg/l AA is a useful method to reduce TD in broilers without loss of performance.