当归补血汤提取物亚慢性毒性试验研究

试验旨在评价当归补血汤提取物安全性,为临床安全用药提供试验依据。选取120只SD大鼠（雌雄各半）随机分为高、中、低剂量组和空白对照组,药物组分别按60、30、15 g/kg体重剂量灌胃给药,空白对照组给予等体积蒸馏水,连续给药28 d,停药后观察14 d。结果显示,给药结束时,高剂量组雄性大鼠出现体重增长减缓（P < 0.01）和饲料消耗量降低（P < 0.01）,雄性大鼠白细胞数（WBC）、淋巴细胞（Lym）均显著升高（P < 0.05）,丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、总胆固醇（TC）、葡萄糖（GLU）均极显著降低（P < 0.01）,血小板（PLT）显著减少（P < 0.05）;雌性大鼠红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、ALT均极显著减少（P < 0.01）。中剂量组大鼠ALT和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）显著或极显著降低（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）。停药第14天雄性大鼠网织红细胞（RET）显著增多（P < 0.05）,雌性大鼠HGB显著减少（P < 0.05）。停药后可恢复正常,其余相关检测指标均未见异常。各脏器组织病理学检查均未见异常。结果表明当归补血汤提取物毒性低,可以安全用于动物。     

野山杏总黄酮对三黄肉鸡屠宰性能的影响

[目的]研究不同剂量野山杏总黄酮对三黄肉鸡屠宰性能的影响。[方法]采用单因素试验设计,将96羽1日龄雌性三黄肉鸡随机分为4组,每组24羽。于14日龄开始,野山杏总黄酮低、中、高剂量组肉鸡分别灌服50、100、200 mg/（kg·BW·d）的野山杏总黄酮,对照组肉鸡灌服生理盐水,试验期42 d。28、35、42日龄时每组分别选取8羽肉鸡进行屠宰试验,测定并比较相同日龄下各组肉鸡的屠宰性能指标。[结果]高剂量野山杏总黄酮可显著或极显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）提高28、35、42日龄肉鸡宰前体重,中剂量野山杏总黄酮可极显著（P<0.01）提高35日龄肉鸡宰前体重。高剂量野山杏总黄酮分别显著（P<0.05）和极显著（P<0.01）提高35日龄和42日龄肉鸡屠宰率。中、高剂量野山杏总黄酮极显著（P<0.01）提高28日龄肉鸡半净膛率。低剂量野山杏总黄酮可极显著（P<0.01）提高28日龄肉鸡全净膛率,显著（P<0.05）提高35日龄肉鸡全净膛率;中剂量野山杏总黄酮可极显著（P<0.01）提高35日龄肉鸡全净膛率;低、中、高剂量野山杏总黄酮可极显著（P<0.01）提高42日龄肉鸡全净膛率。低、中、高剂量野山杏总黄酮可显著或极显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）降低35、42日龄肉鸡皮下脂肪厚度。高剂量野山杏总黄酮可显著（P<0.05）降低28日龄肉鸡肌间脂肪宽度,极显著（P<0.01）降低35日龄肉鸡肌间脂肪宽度;低、中、高剂量野山杏总黄酮可极显著（P<0.01）降低42日龄肉鸡肌间脂肪宽度。低剂量野山杏总黄酮可显著（P<0.05）降低28、42日龄肉鸡腹脂率,中剂量野山杏总黄酮可显著（P<0.05）降低28、35、42日龄肉鸡腹脂率,高剂量野山杏总黄酮可极显著（P<0.01）降低42日龄肉鸡腹脂率。高剂量野山杏总黄酮可显著或极显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）提高35、42日龄肉鸡胸肌率,可显著或极显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）提高28、35、42日龄肉鸡腿肌率。[结论]灌服不同剂量的野山杏总黄酮能够明显改善三黄肉鸡的屠宰性能。     

促性腺激素抑制激素对SD大鼠性腺生殖功能与糖代谢的影响

【目的】 探究促性腺激素抑制激素（GnIH）对SD大鼠性腺生殖功能和糖代谢的影响,以及SD大鼠性腺生殖功能和糖代谢之间的相关性。【方法】 将36只SD大鼠随机均分为对照组（0.9％生理盐水）、1 μg/100 μL GnIH组（Ⅰ组）、10 μg/100 μL GnIH （Ⅱ组）,每组12只（雌雄各半）。每天07：00和19：00注射生理盐水或GnIH （200 μL/次）,连续注射14 d后测量大鼠体重,计算肥胖程度,麻醉处死后采集卵巢和睾丸,称重并计算卵体比和睾体比;运用阴道涂片法观察雌性大鼠发情周期的变化;显微镜下观察并计算雄性大鼠精子活力;HE染色观察卵巢和睾丸组织变化;用实时荧光定量PCR法检测卵巢和睾丸中糖代谢基因胰岛素受体（IR）、葡萄糖转运蛋白4（GLUT4）和炎症相关因子肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白介素1β（IL-1β）的表达水平,并用SPSS 22.0软件分析生殖功能和糖代谢之间的相关性。【结果】 与对照组相比,Ⅰ组雌性SD大鼠和Ⅱ组雄性SD大鼠肥胖程度均显著升高（P<0.05）;Ⅱ组卵巢大小/重量、卵体比显著升高,睾丸重量、睾体比显著下降（P<0.05）。HE染色结果显示,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组雌性大鼠卵泡呈囊性扩张,颗粒细胞层减少,卵泡腔变大;Ⅰ、Ⅱ组雄性大鼠的生精小管均出现空泡样改变,生精细胞排列紊乱、层次减少。与对照组相比,Ⅱ组大鼠发情前期的持续时间显著延长（P<0.05）、精子活力显著下降（P<0.05）。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组雌性大鼠GLUT4基因的表达量极显著下降（P<0.01）、Ⅱ组中IR基因的表达量显著降低（P<0.05）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组雄性大鼠GLUT4基因的表达量均极显著降低（P<0.01）;Ⅰ组雌性大鼠TNF-α、IL-1β基因和雄性大鼠IL-1β基因的表达量均显著升高（P<0.05）,Ⅱ组雌、雄大鼠TNF-α基因的表达量均极显著升高（P<0.01）。相关性分析结果显示,腹腔注射GnIH后,雌性大鼠的卵体比与GLUT4基因表达水平呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与IR基因的表达水平呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;雌性大鼠的发情周期与GLUT4基因表达水平呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）;雄性大鼠睾体比与GLUT4基因表达水平均呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,而精子活力与GLUT4基因表达水平均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。【结论】 腹腔注射GnIH能够抑制大鼠的生殖功能和导致糖代谢功能紊乱,而且GnIH可能参与性腺能量代谢与生殖功能的交叉对话,是能量代谢与生殖功能的新型联络因子。     

Study on the Effects of Zhike Pingchuan Granules on Expectorant,Antitussive and Antiasthmatic

The assay was aimed to investigate the effects of Zhike Pingchuan granules on expectorant, antitussive and antiasthmatic by animals experiment.Capillary method was used to observe the expectorant effect in rat,the cough model induced by strong ammonia in mice was used to observe the antitussive effect,asthma model induced by spraying method was used to observe the antiasthmatic effect.The results showed that the low dosage group of Zhike Pingchuan granules significantly increased excretion of trachea quantity compared with the blank control group (P＜0.05),and there were extremely significant differences between the blank control group and middle,high dosage groups (P＜0.01);the three high,middle and low dosage groups of Zhike Pingchuan granules extremely significantly prolonged the latent period of cough and decreased the frequency of cough induced by strong ammonia compared with the blank control group (P＜0.01); the low dosage group of Zhike Pingchuan granules had not significantly prolonged the latent period of asthma induced by 4% acetylcholine chloride compared with the blank control group (P＞0.05),and middle and high dosage groups had extremely significant difference compared with the blank control group (P＜0.01).Zhike Pingchuan granules had the effects of expectorant,antitussive and antiasthmatic.     

紫菀不同极性段提取物对SD大鼠亚慢性毒性试验研究

本试验旨在观察紫菀不同极性段提取物对SD大鼠的肝脏毒性损伤。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、石油醚组、乙酸乙酯组、正丁醇组、母液组、75%乙醇组,每组10只,灌胃给药0.34g生药/kg体重,连续28 d,观察对大鼠摄食量、体增重、脏器系数、尿液指标、血常规、血清生化指标、肝脏组织抗氧化酶、病理切片等的影响。试验结果显示各组大鼠体增重、肝脏组织抗氧化酶、尿液指标、脏器系数均无显著变化(P>0.05);雄鼠乙酸乙酯组、母液组白细胞计数(WBC)显著降低(P<0.05),正丁醇组极显著降低(P<0.01),雌鼠石油醚组、乙酸乙酯组WBC极显著降低(P<0.01),正丁醇组显著降低(P<0.05);雌鼠乙酸乙酯组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)显著升高(P<0.05);病理组织学检查可见石油醚组和乙酸乙酯组大鼠肝脏出现轻微的肝索紊乱、颗粒变性,其余组与空白组相比无明显差异。结果表明在0.34g生药/kg体重给药条件下,紫菀的石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取物对大鼠产生轻微的肝脏毒性。     

Study on Subchronic Toxicity Test of Different Polarity Section Extracts from Aster tataricus L.f.on SD rats

The aim of the experiment was to observe the liver toxicity of different polarity section extracts from Aster tataricus L.f.on SD rats.The subchronic test was performed via the daily oral administration of Aster tataricus L.f.at dose of 0.34 g/kg body weight in SD rats which were divided into six groups(control group, petroleum ether group, ethyl acetate group, N-butyl alcohol group, mother liquid group and 75% ethanol group), observing the effects on food consumption, body weight gain, viscera coefficient, urine examination, blood routine examination, serum biochemistry indices, liver antioxidant function analysis and histopathological observation.There was no significant changes of body weight gain, viscera coefficient, urine examination and liver antioxidant function among six groups(P>0.05), but WBC significantly and extremely significantly decreased in male rats of ethyl acetate group, mother liquid group and N-butyl alcohol group(P<0.05; P<0.01), and significantly and extremely significantly decreased in female rats of N-butyl alcohol group and petroleum ether group, ethyl acetate group(P<0.05; P<0.01);The LDH significantly increased in female rats of ethyl acetate group(P<0.05);Slight congestion and necrosis were showed in liver in petroleum ether group and ethyl acetate group, there was no differences observed in other groups.The extracts of Aster tataricus L.f., especially petroleum ether extract and ethyl acetate extract could cause slight liver toxicity under the dose of 0.34 g/kg body weight.     

Effect of Luteolin on Blood Indexes,Liver and Kidney in Mice with Acute Mercury Poisoning

To study the effect of luteolin on blood indexes,liver and kidney in mice with acute mercury poisoning,28 mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control group (intraperitoneal injection 0.9% saline),luteolin group (lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin),mercuric chloride group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercury chloride) and mercury chloride+luteolin group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercuric chloride,lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin).The activities of ALT in serum,AST,CREA and BUN contents,blood WBC,RBC,HGB content and GSH and MDA contents of liver tissue were detected.Morphological changes of liver and kidney tissues were observed.The results showed that compared with the control group,the activities of ALT and AST of mercuric chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P < 0.01),serum CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents were significantly increased (P < 0.05) while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were obviously.Compared with mercuric chloride group,the activities of ALT,AST in serum,CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents of mercuric chloride+luteolin group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05),while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly elevated (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were attenuated obviously.The poisoning were characterized by inflammation and the occurrence of anemia when acute mercury poisoning occurred,liver and kidney showed different degrees of injury in mice.Luteolin could reduce the toxic effects of acute mercury poisoning on blood,liver and kidney.     

木犀草素对急性汞中毒小鼠血液生化指标、肝脏及肾脏的影响

试验旨在研究小鼠急性汞中毒后血液、肝脏及肾脏的中毒表现及木犀草素对急性汞中毒小鼠血液指标、肝脏及肾脏的影响。将28只小鼠随机分成4组,分别为对照组(腹腔注射0.9%生理盐水)、木犀草素组(灌胃100 mg/kg木犀草素)、氯化汞组(腹腔注射4 mg/kg氯化汞)和氯化汞+木犀草素组(腹腔注射4 mg/kg氯化汞,灌胃100 mg/kg木犀草素)。检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,肌酐(CREA)和尿素氮(BUN)水平,血液白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)和血红蛋白(HGB)水平及肝脏组织谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,并观察肝脏、肾脏组织形态学改变。结果显示,与对照组相比,氯化汞组的血清ALT、AST活性极显著升高(P < 0.01),血清CREA、BUN,血液WBC及肝脏组织MDA含量均显著增加(P < 0.05),血液RBC、HGB及肝脏组织GSH水平均显著降低(P < 0.05),肝脏、肾脏病理变化明显。与氯化汞组相比,氯化汞+木犀草素组的血清ALT、AST活性,CREA和BUN,血液WBC及肝脏组织MDA含量均显著降低(P < 0.05);血液RBC、HGB及肝脏组织GSH含量均显著升高(P < 0.05),肝脏、肾脏病理变化减轻。小鼠急性汞中毒后,其中毒表现为炎症和贫血的发生及肝脏、肾脏不同程度的损伤,木犀草素可减弱急性汞中毒小鼠血液、肝脏和肾脏的毒性作用。     

引入西藏高原的家兔血液生化参数的比较研究

对引入西藏高原多年的加利福尼亚兔和中国白兔的12项血清生化指标进行测定,并与SPF新西兰兔进行比较。结果显示：①3个品种公兔之间,加尼福利亚兔与中国白兔比较,AST、TP、ALB、GLO、A／G、GLU、CRE、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）,TG、BUN差异显著（P〈0．05）,其中TP、ALB、A／G、CRE、CHOL、LDH表现极强的公兔特征,而ALT、GLU母兔明显高于公兔;加利福尼亚兔与SPF新西兰兔比较。ALT、A／G、CRE、TG、BUN差异显著（P〈0．05）,AST、CHOL、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）;中国白兔与SPF新西兰兔比较,ALT、AST、TP、ALB、GLO、A／G、CRE、CHOL、TG差异极显著（P〈0．01）;②3个品种母兔之间,加利福尼亚兔与中国白兔比较,ALT、GLO、CRE、TG差异显著（P〈0．05）,AST、TP、BUN、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）,加利福尼亚兔与SPF新西兰兔比较,ALT、TP、ALB、GLO、A／G、BUN、CRE、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）,AST、TG差异显著（P〈0．05）;中国白兔与SPF新西兰兔比较,ALT、TP、ALB、GLO、A／G、CRE、CHOL、TG、LDH差异极显著（P〈0．01）,BUN、AST差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

葛根素缓解镉对大鼠股骨胫骨中成骨细胞分化的抑制作用

旨在探究葛根素对镉(cadmium,Cd)抑制大鼠股骨胫骨中成骨细胞(osteoblast,OB)分化的缓解效应.选取40只3周龄SD雄性大鼠,随机分为4组,分别为对照组(CON)、镉组(Cd)、葛根素组(Pur)和镉+葛根素组(Cd+ Pur),每组10只.其中,对照组和镉组大鼠灌服超纯水,连续5周;含葛根素组(葛根...     

Construction of Metabolic Syndrome Model in Rats

The assay was aimed to establish high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome (MS) model in male SD rat of nutrition.Four weeks old male SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group (n=24) and control group (n=6).The control group was fed with normal diet and the experimental group was fed with high fat diet which was composed of normal diet, egg yolk and peanuts.Two weeks later, the obesity resistant rats were excluded from the experimental group.Weight, systolic blood pressure and Lee's index were observed after thirty-two weeks.After twelve hours fasted, made the OGTT.Then all rats were sacrificed and tested for total cholesterol (TC) and serum triglyceride (TG).The experimental group weighted (794.0±63.5)g and the control group weighted (571.8±61.9)g, and the weights of rats of experimental group were 38.9% higher than that of control group.Lee's index of the experimental group was 343.0±8.7, while the control group was 319.2±7.1 (P<0.01).The levels of serum TC and TG of experimental group were extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01).Systolic blood pressure of the experimental group was 140.0±15.4, while the control group was 117.9±11.4, differences comparison of systolic blood pressure between experimental group and control group were significant (P<0.05).Insulin resistance of the experimental group was significantly (P<0.05).This study showed that four weeks old male SD rats were fed with high fat diet which was composed of normal diet, egg yolk and peanuts for thirty-two weeks could successfully and stably established metabolic syndrome model.     

代谢综合征大鼠模型的建立

本试验旨在通过对雄性SD大鼠长期饲喂高脂饲料建立大鼠代谢综合征模型。将30只4周龄SD雄性大鼠随机分为两组,其中试验组24只,对照组6只。试验组饲喂正常饲料并添加鸡蛋黄、花生,两周后将体重排在后1/3的肥胖抵抗大鼠剔除,对照组饲喂正常饲料,饲喂32周后称量大鼠体重并计算Lee's指数,采用小动物无创血压计测量大鼠收缩压。禁食12 h,做口服糖耐量试验后腹主动脉采血测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量。结果显示,饲喂32周后,试验组大鼠体重达到(794.0±63.5)g,对照组大鼠体重(571.8±61.9)g,试验组大鼠体重超过对照大鼠体重的38.9%;试验组大鼠的Lee's指数为343.0±8.7,对照组大鼠的Lee's指数为319.2±7.1,试验组与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组大鼠TC、TG含量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);试验组大鼠收缩压为140.0±15.4,对照组大鼠收缩压为117.9±11.4,试验组大鼠血压显著高于对照组(P<0.05);口服糖耐量试验结果显示试验组大鼠有显著的胰岛素抵抗作用(P<0.05)。结果表明通过高脂饲料饲养32周诱导SD雄性大鼠能成功的建立大鼠代谢综合征模型。     

复方诃子口服液抗犊牛大肠杆菌性腹泻的药理作用研究

试验旨在研究抗犊牛大肠杆菌性腹泻的复方诃子口服液的药理作用,采用中和毒素试验、抗渗出试验、解热试验、镇痛试验、肠蠕动试验及免疫调节试验的方法,验证复方诃子口服液的药理作用。结果显示,抗毒素中和试验中,复方诃子口服液组与阴性对照组差异极显著(P<0.01)。抗渗出试验中,各药物组均能不同程度地减少伊文思蓝的渗出,阿司匹林组及复方诃子口服液高、中、低剂量组的抑制率分别为58.1%、42.8%、31.6%和14.9%,其中复方诃子口服液低剂量组与空白组相比差异显著(P<0.05),其余各组与空白组相比均差异极显著(P<0.01);复方诃子口服液各剂量组与阿司匹林组相比,高剂量组差异不显著(P>0.05),中、低剂量组差异极显著(P<0.01)。解热试验中,复方诃子口服液高剂量组给药后1h快速抑制体温升高,中剂量组给药后2h抑制体温升高;给药后3h,与模型组相比,复方诃子口服液高、中剂量组体温均明显降低,低剂量组与模型组差异不明显。镇痛试验中,与空白组相比,阿司匹林组、复方诃子口服液高、中剂量组镇痛效果差异极显著(P<0.01),扭体抑制率分别为64.55%、52.73%和32.73%,疼痛潜伏期分别为9.59、6.33和5.74min;而复方诃子口服液低剂量组差异不显著(P>0.05)。肠蠕动试验中,与空白组相比,硫酸阿托品组及复方诃子口服液高剂量组对肠蠕动抑制作用差异极显著(P<0.01),推进率分别为44.18%和52.55%,复方诃子口服液中剂量组差异显著(P<0.05),低剂量组差异不显著(P>0.05)。免疫调节试验中,与空白组相比,模型组白细胞数、脾脏指数及胸腺指数均显著降低(P<0.05);而与模型组相比,第14天复方诃子口服液组白细胞数、脾脏指数及胸腺指数均显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,复方诃子口服液对犊牛大肠杆菌性腹泻具有抑制肠蠕动、解热、抗疼痛和组织液渗出、中和肠毒素及增强免疫功能等药理作用。     

中药复方对大肠杆菌感染雏鸭的防治效果研究

本研究对由地锦草、石榴皮等组成的中药复方对大肠杆菌感染雏鸭的临床治疗效果进行了研究，旨在为临床大肠杆菌感染提供新的治疗手段。试验选取50只健康1日龄雏鸭，随机分为5组，每组10只。试验组分别为空白对照组、模型组、阿莫西林组、中药复方高剂量组（DS_H）和低剂量组（DS_L）。给药组在3日龄开始给药，连续给药至试验结束，共10 d。除空白对照组外，在雏鸭6日龄时用大肠杆菌腹腔注射进行攻毒，0.5 mL/只。比较各试验组雏鸭的病死率；对病死鸭和各组存活鸭进行解剖，观察肝脏和小肠的病理剖检及HE染色切片；检测血常规及血清生化各项指标，评价中药复方对感染大肠杆菌雏鸭的治疗效果。结果显示，DS_H、DS_L和阿莫西林均能够有效降低感染雏鸭的死亡率；与模型组相比，阿莫西林和DS_H、DS_L组均可减少肝脏、小肠等器官的损伤。与空白对照组相比，模型组的谷草转氨酶（AST）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）显著升高（P<0.05），碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和尿素（UREA）极显著升高（P<0.01），且模型组和给药组血液中白细胞（WBC）、红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、血小板（PLT）等指标变化显著（P<0.05）。与模型组相比，给药组ALP显著或极显著降低（P<0.05；P<0.01），血液中WBC、RBC、HGB、PLT等指标极显著升高（P<0.01），说明给药组机体损伤程度低于模型组。以上结果表明，中药复方可以减轻因大肠杆菌所引起的机体损伤，且作用效果与阿莫西林相近。     

Study on the Prevention and Control Effect of Chinese Herbal Compound on E.coli Infected Ducklings

In this study,the clinical therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal compound composed of Euphorbia humifusa Willd.and Punica granatum L.on ducklings infected with Escherichia coli (E.coli) was studied in order to provide a new therapeutic method for clinical treatment of E.coli.Fifty healthy one-day-old ducklings were selected and randomly divided into five groups,ten ducklings in each group.The experimental groups were blank control group,model group,amoxicillin group,Chinese medicine compound high-dose group(DS_H) and low-dose group(DS_L).The administration group started administration at 3 days of age,continued administration for 3 days,and continued administration until the end of the experiment,10 days total.Except for control group,when the ducklings were 6 days old,E. coli was intraperitoneally injected for challenge,0.5 mL/head.The mortality of the experimental groups was compared.The dead ducks and the surviving ducks were dissected,the pathological section of liver and small intestine and HE staining sections were observed.The blood routine indexes and serum biochemical analysis were detected to evaluate the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine compound on E.coli infected ducklings.The results showed that the high and low doses of the traditional Chinese medicine compound and the amoxicillin could effectively reduce the mortality of infected ducklings.Compared with model group,amoxicillin and traditional Chinese medicine high and low dose groups could reduce liver,small intestine and other organs damage.Compared with control group,aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in model group increased significantly (P<0.05),and alkaline phosphatase (ALP),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),UREA also showed extremely significant upward trend (P<0.01),and the WBC,RBC,HGB,PLT and other indicators changed extremely significantly(P<0.05).Compared with model group,the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)value was significantly or extremely decreased in the administration group(P<0.05;P<0.01),and the blood WBC,RBC,HGB and PLT indexes were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The results indicated that the degree of body damage in the administration group was lower than that in the model group.     

不同检测仪器对SD大鼠血液生理指标测定的影响

目的：比较实验动物专用血细胞分析仪与医用血细胞分析仪对SD大鼠血液生理指标测定值的差异,分析检测仪器对大鼠血液生理指标测定的影响。方法：36只SD大鼠,体重约200 g,雌雄各半,屏障环境饲养,试验前禁食12 h,麻醉后采血,分别用实验动物专用血细胞分析仪与医用血细胞分析仪测定20项血液生理指标。结果：两种仪器分别检测的SD大鼠的平均血红蛋白浓度、平均血红蛋白含量、白细胞数量、淋巴细胞数量、单核细胞数量、嗜碱性粒细胞数量、嗜中性白细胞百分比、单核细胞百分比、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、血小板数量、血小板分布宽度差异极显著（P＜0.01）;血红蛋白浓度、嗜中性白细胞数量、红细胞分布宽度差异显著（P＜0.05）;红细胞数量、红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积、嗜酸性粒细胞数量差异不显著（P＞0.05）。结论：不同检测仪器对SD大鼠血液学指标的检测有影响。     

激动素对衰老模型小鼠免疫力的影响研究

为研究激动素（Kn）对衰老模型小鼠免疫力的影响,将50只昆明系小白鼠随机分为衰老模型对照组、激动素处理组（低、中、高剂量组）、青年对照组,每组10只,雌雄各半。衰老模型对照组、激动素处理组小鼠背部皮下连续45 d注射D-半乳糖[125 mg/（kg·BW）]制备衰老模型,1次/d。试验第11天时,低、中、高剂量激动素处理组小鼠分别腹腔注射5、10、20 mg/（kg·BW）的激动素溶液,1次/d,直至第45天;同时期内衰老模型对照组和青年对照组小鼠颈背部皮肤注射生理盐水。试验结束时,计算各组小鼠脾指数,检测脾脏SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活性及MDA含量,检测血清IL-2、IL-6以及IgA、IgG、IgM含量。结果表明,经激动素处理后,小鼠的脾指数显著或极显著高于衰老模型对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;3种抗氧化酶活性与衰老模型对照组相比有所提高,其中高剂量组的提高作用最为显著（P〈0.01）;代谢物MDA含量显著或极显著低于衰老模型对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;血清IL-2含量显著或极显著高于衰老模型对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,血清IL-6含量显著或极显著低于衰老模型对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,3种血清球蛋白含量与衰老模型对照组相比均有所提高,其中高剂量组的提高作用最为显著（P〈0.01）。综上提示,激动素具有显著的延缓衰老、抗氧化损伤、提高免疫力的作用。     

Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity Study of Chansu Pellets

The aim of the experiment was to observe the acute toxicity and the long-term toxicity of Chansu pellets in mice, and to evaluate its safety and provide the theoretical basis for clinical use. Kunming mice were selected for acute toxicity test. The acute toxicity of Chansu pellets was determined by oral administration to mice twice. In the sub-chronic toxicity test, 120 SD rats were divided into low, middle and high dose groups and the control group (the same volume of distilled water) intragastric administration. Respectively, after 28 d of continuous administration and 2 weeks after drug withdrawal, the rats were weighed, and 20 rats (10 mice remaining after cessation of administration) in each group were sacrificed at random. The hematological and biochemical parameters were measured and the histopathological examination was performed. In the acute toxicity, time of death concentrated in 1 to 4 h. LD₅₀ was 13.21 g/kg. In the sub-chronic, after 28 d of continuous dosing, the body weights of male rats of high dose group and the control group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01). Aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase of high dose group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01) compared with control group. Kidneys coefficients of high and middle dose groups compared with control group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01). After two weeks the withdrawal recovery, biochemical indicators of high dose group's recovery was not good. Middle and low dose groups had good recovery. Pathological examination showed that high and middle dose groups' rat liver and kidney swelling congestion. High dose rat liver surface were blister-like lesions. The results showed that Chansu pellets were less acute toxicity. Long-term use of large doses could cause liver and kidney damage. Therefore, we should pay attention to dose and duration of treatment in clinical application.     

苦参素对肝纤维化大鼠肝脏转化生长因子-β1的调节作用

[目的]观察苦参素(OMT)对硫代乙酰胺(TAA)所致大鼠肝纤维化的改善作用及对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)含量的影响。[方法]试验分为阴性对照组、模型组和OMT高、中、低剂量给药组以及水飞蓟素阳性对照组。除阴性对照组外,其他各组采用硫代乙酰胺(TAA)腹腔注射诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型。采用OMT和水飞蓟素分别对OMT高、中、低剂量给药组和水飞蓟素阳性对照组大鼠灌胃抑制大鼠肝纤维化,同时对模型组和阴性对照组大鼠给予生理盐水灌胃。灌胃结束后采血并取肝组织,检测大鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量以及大鼠肝组织中TGF-β1含量。[结果]与阴性对照组相比,模型组大鼠血清中ALT、AST含量极显著(P<0.01)升高,GSH水平极显著(P<0.01)降低;肝组织中TGF-β1含量极显著(P<0.01)升高。与模型组相比,OMT高、中、低剂量给药组和水飞蓟素阳性对照组大鼠血清中ALT、AST含量显著(P<0.05)降低,OMT高剂量和中剂量给药组GSH水平极显著(P<0.01)升高,而OMT低剂量给药组GSH水平显著(P<0.05)升高;同时,OMT高、中、低剂量给药组和水飞蓟素阳性对照组大鼠肝组织中TGF-β1含量显著(P<0.05)降低。[结论]苦参素在肝纤维化大鼠体内能明显下调其肝脏组织中TGF-β1的基因表达,这一结果提示OMT治疗肝纤维化的作用机制之一可能是苦参素对肝组织中TGF-β1表达的抑制。     

高温应激致麒麟鸡(卷羽鸡)肝损伤试验动物模型的建立

本试验旨在建立急性应激致禽类肝损伤的试验动物模型.对麒麟鸡(卷羽鸡)进行持续高温应激后,检测血清中的肝损伤酶谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、胆碱脂酶(CHE)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的改变,观察肝脏病理组织学变化.结果显示,高温应激前期,麒麟鸡血清肝损伤酶AST和ALT活性极显著升高(P <0.01),高温应激后期,AST活性显著低于正常水平(P <0.05),而ALT活性极显著低于正常水平(P <0.01);持续高温应激期间,CHE的活性一直低于正常水平,高温应激后期,CHE活性极显著低于正常水平(P <0.01);在高温应激下LDH活性呈先下降后上升再下降的变化趋势,高温应激后期,LDH活性极显著高于正常水平(P <0.01).高温应激引起麒麟鸡肝细胞出现水泡变性、肝细胞核浓缩现象.结果表明,采用急性热应激可诱导麒麟鸡肝损伤试验模型,试验模型具备肝脏水泡变性和核浓缩病理特征.