反向高效液相色谱法检测双峰驼血浆中对乙酰氨基酚的含量

试验旨在建立测定双峰驼血浆中对乙酰氨基酚浓度的反相高效液相色谱法（reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography,RP-HPLC）。选用Supelco Discovery C18色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以甲醇：水=20：80为流动相,流速为0.5 mL/min,紫外检测波长为248 nm,采用甲醇直接沉淀蛋白方法处理血浆样品。结果表明,对乙酰氨基酚的保留时间为6.5 min,分离度良好,无血浆杂峰干扰,且在0.08~10.24 μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好（R²=0.9997,n=8）,检测限为0.10 μg/mL,日内和日间精密度RSD均小于7.0%,绝对回收率为80.39%~93.56%,相对回收率为94.66%~104.73%。因此,本试验所建立的RP-HPLC法操作简便、准确,重复性好,专属性强,适用于检测双峰驼血浆中对乙酰氨基酚浓度,为后续的借助特异性探针药物--对乙酰氨基酚研究双峰驼CYP1A酶的体内活性提供了可靠而准确的定量方法。     

双峰驼CYP2D6酶体外孵育体系的建立与优化

为了研究双峰驼CYP2D6酶体外活性,建立双峰驼肝微粒体孵育体系并对孵育体系中探针底物浓度、肝微粒体蛋白浓度和孵育时间等进行优化研究。首先采用改良差速离心法制备双峰驼肝微粒体、BCA法测定双峰驼肝微粒体蛋白浓度、CO还原差示光谱法检测CYP总酶含量,然后采用HPLC法跟踪检测孵育体系中CYP2D6酶特异性底物的主要代谢产物去甲右美沙芬含量进而优化孵育条件。结果表明,双峰驼肝微粒体蛋白浓度为5.565 0mg/mL±0.519 7mg/mL,CYP总酶含量为0.177 7nmol/mg±0.050 3nmol/mg;肝微粒体孵育体系的最适底物浓度为250μg/mL,肝微粒体蛋白浓度为5.565 0mg/mL,最适孵育时间为40min。所制备的双峰驼肝微粒体各项指标和优化后的肝微粒体孵育条件均能满足后续对双峰驼CYP2D6酶体外活性研究的基本要求。     

伊维菌素微乳中伊维菌素的含量测定方法研究

为建立伊维菌素微乳中伊维菌素含量的高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定方法,选用Hypersil ODS2 （5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm）色谱柱,流动相为甲醇∶乙腈∶水为35∶60∶5（V/V/V）,检测波长为244 nm,柱温为30 ℃,流速为1 mL/min进行测定。结果显示,伊维菌素在该色谱条件下,系统适应性良好,在80~320 μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为：Y=22 700X+2 510,R²=0.9998,总平均回收率为101.90%±2.94%,RSD为2.88%,对中试生产的3批伊维菌素微乳进行含量测定,RSD为1.86%。表明该含量测定方法准确可靠,重现性好,可用于伊维菌素微乳中伊维菌素含量的测定,并为该新型制剂的质量标准的制定和质量评价提供依据,也为后期的临床安全应用提供可靠的参考。     

Content Determination of Ivermectin in the Ivermectin Microemulsion Injection

In order to establish the determination method of ivermectin (IVM) in the ivermectin microemulsion injection by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Hypersil ODS2 colunm (5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm) was used in this study. The mobile phase composed of methanol, acetonitrile and water (35:60:5,V/V/V) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detection wave length was set at 244 nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The results showed that the HPLC system suitability of IVM was good. A good linear correlation of IVM was observed within the concentration range 80 to 320 μg/mL, and the average recovery rate was 101.90%±2.94% with RSD was 2.88%, the regression equation was Y=22 700X+2 510 (R²=0.9998). The RSD of IVM content in ivermectin microemulsion injection was 1.86%. The method was accurate and reliable,reproducible,easy to operate, which could be used in new type of ivermectin microemulsion injection. The method could be used as the basis of quality control and establishing a quality standard, and to provide basis for quality evaluation, also can provide reliable reference for safe veterinary clinical application in the future.     

HPLC法测定猪体内双氯芬酸的血药浓度

建立猪血浆中双氯芬酸含量的HPLC测定法。猪血浆中双氯芬酸采用正己烷-异丙醇混合溶液(90∶10,V/V)提取,HPLC紫外检测器检测。色谱柱为C18柱,流动相为甲醇-15g/L乙酸水溶液(80∶20,V/V),测定波长为276nm。外标法定量。结果表明,血浆中杂质不干扰双氯芬酸的测定,双氯芬酸血药浓度在0.025μg/mL~20.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(R2=1),最低定量限为0.05μg/mL,高、中、低空白血浆添加样品浓度的日内变异系数和日间变异系数分别小于4%和6%,回收率为85%~97%。结果表明,该方法适用于猪血浆中双氯芬酸含量的测定,可用于含双氯芬酸钠的制剂在猪体内的药物代谢动力学和生物利用度研究。     

HPLC法检测家兔血浆中地克珠利含量

建立了快速、稳定的家兔血浆中地克珠利提取方法,为进一步研究家兔组织中地克珠利的残留量提供基础。采用HPLC法以妥曲珠利为内标,N,N-2甲基甲酰胺及乙腈联合沉淀法提取家兔血浆中地克珠利,色谱柱为Hypersil ODS（2.5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm）,流动相为乙腈∶水∶三乙胺∶冰乙酸=55∶45∶0.2∶0....     

芪板青颗粒质量控制研究

为建立芪板青颗粒中绿原酸、咖啡酸和黄芪甲苷含量测定的方法。测定绿原酸和咖啡酸采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 250 mm×4.6 mm 5μm色谱柱,流动相为0.05%磷酸溶液-乙腈(92∶8,V∶V),进样量10μL,柱温30℃,流速为1.0 m L/min,在190 nm～400 nm范围进行扫描,记录327 nm色谱图;测定黄芪甲苷采用Waters symmetry C18 5μm 4.6 mm×250 mm色谱柱,进样量10μL,漂移管温度35℃,雾化器温度35℃,气流速度1.2 L/min,流动相为水-乙腈(65∶35,V∶V),柱温30℃,流速1.0 m L/min。绿原酸在3.611～72.23μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,r为0.99999,平均加样回收率97.1%;咖啡酸在3.060～61.20μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,r为0.99999,平均加样回收率96.2%;黄芪甲苷在1.0～10μg范围线性关系良好,r为0.9997,平均加样回收率为98.0%。该方法定性、定量准确,适用于芪板青颗粒含量测定。     

鸡血浆中黄芩苷及绿原酸的HPLC法建立

建立了测定鸡血浆中复方慢呼抗口服液主要成分黄芩苷和绿原酸的高效液相色谱法.流动相为乙腈、1％冰醋酸,梯度洗脱30 min,黄芩苷和绿原酸的波长分别为280、327 nm,流速1 mL/min.分别采用高氯酸法、甲醇乙腈法、正丁醇法处理血浆,选取最优方法进行考察.甲醇乙腈法处理血浆,方法专属性好,回收率较高,线性关系良好,精密度及准确度较高,可用于药代动力学研究.     

HPLC法测定兽用中药散剂中非法添加利巴韦林的方法研究

建立了高效液相色谱法检测白龙散、黄连解毒散、苍术香连散等7种兽用中药散剂中非法添加利巴韦林的方法。用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶色谱柱,以水（用稀硫酸调节pH值至2．5±0.1）为流动相,检测波长207nm,流速1．0mL／min,进样量20μL。结果显示,利巴韦林的线性范围为1.016～20.32μg／mL,线性方程为Y=5．68×10X-5．61×10^-2（r=0．9999,n=6）,本方法的回收率为81．28％～119．46％,RSD为0．88％～1．65％。结果表明,本方法准确、可靠,适用于兽用中药散剂中非法添加利巴韦林的检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定烯丙孕素微囊中烯丙孕素的含量

建立了烯丙孕素微囊中烯丙孕素的高效液相色谱含量测定方法,采用Kromasil 100-5C18 (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以流动相水-乙腈(30∶70,V/V)、检测波长236 nm、流速1.0 mL/min、柱温30℃、进样量20 μL为色谱条件,无水乙醇为溶剂对微囊进行加热超声提取.结果 表明...     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定牛奶中替米考星、地塞米松、氟苯尼考和氯霉素残留

试验旨在建立一种同时测定牛奶中替米考星（tilmicosin）、地塞米松（dexamethasone）、氟苯尼考（florfenicol）和氯霉素（chloramphenicol）的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS）法。牛奶样品经乙腈提取后,将提取液通过Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取小柱净化,净化后的样液经氮吹浓缩后,用样品稀释液溶解并用正己烷进一步除去脂肪获得待分析样品,进行UPLC-MS/MS分析。采用CAPCELL PAK C18 MGⅢ-H色谱柱（2 mm×100 mm,3 μm）进行液相色谱分离,以甲醇（A）-含0.01%甲酸的0.1 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液（B）为流动相进行梯度洗脱：0~1.0 min,90%至60% B;1.0~3.0 min,60%至30% B;3.0~4.4 min,30%至20% B;4.4~4.5 min,20%~90% B;4.5~6.0 min,90% B。在多反应监测（multiple reaction monitoring,MRM）模式下进行质谱测定,以基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果显示,替米考星、地塞米松、氟苯尼考和氯霉素在1.0~100.0 μg/L范围内均具有良好的线性关系（r>0.999）。方法的最低检测限（limits of detection,LODs）为0.1~0.2 μg/kg,定量限（limits of quantity,LOQs）为0.2~0.5 μg/kg,当4种化合物在牛奶中的添加水平为0.5、5.0和25.0 μg/kg时,回收率为78.6%~94.7%,相对标准偏差（relative standard deviations,RSDs）为2.4%~10.1%。本试验建立的UPLC-MS/MS方法简便、灵敏、准确,适用于牛奶中替米考星、地塞米松、氟苯尼考和氯霉素的同时测定。     

Isolation of Ovulation-inducing Factors in the Seminal Plasma of Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus) by DEAE-cellulose Chromatography

Ovulation in the Bactrian camel ( Camelus bactrianus ) depends upon the ovulation-inducing factor in the seminal plasma; however, little research has been conducted to isolate and identify the factor. The current study attempts to isolate and identify the bioactive fractions from the seminal plasma of Bactrian camel. The seminal plasma was fractionated by diethylamino-ethylcellulose (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography and five protein fractions were obtained. The bioactive of each fraction was estimated by rat pituitary tissue culture in vitro and by the intramuscular injection of the bioactive fraction to the female camels in vivo . The concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the pituitary culture media before and 6 h after the addition of each fraction and in the peripheral blood plasma collected from the camel immediately before and hourly after the injection of the active fraction were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results demonstrated that the third fraction (L3) had the bioactive potential to stimulate the release of LH in vitro from 11.82 ± 1.77 to 25.63 ± 3.84 mIU/ml after the addition of L3 to the culture media. The in vivo concentrations of LH in the blood plasma of the camel increased from 6.43 ± 0.14 before to 15.50 ± 2.64 ng/ml 6 h after injection of L3. However, the concentrations of FSH did not show any significant changes either in vitro or in vivo . The results clearly demonstrated the existence of LH-releasing associated fractions in the seminal plasma that appears to be separated by DEAE-cellulose matrix and the isolated L3 fraction might be the ovulation-inducing factor or one of its components.     

灭菌乳中活阪崎肠杆菌PMA-PCR检测方法的建立

In order to detect viable Enterobacter sakazakii in pasteurized milk，a new method was established by combination of propidium monoazide （PMA） and polymerase chain reaction （PCR）.PMA concentration and exposure time were optimized to find optimal conditions for distinguishing between dead and viable E.sakazakii. The results showed that to kill the viable E.sakazakii must be exposed to 100 ℃ for 20 min in water bath. The optimum light exposure time to intercalate the DNA of dead E.sakazakii and to photolyze the free PMA in solution was 15 min. The minimum concentration of PMA to completely inhibit the PCR amplication of dead bacterium was 5 μg/mL. The maximum concentration of PMA did not inhibit the PCR amplification of viable bacterium was 15 μg/mL. After PMA treatment，viable E.sakazakii in a mixture containing different proportions of dead and viable bacterium could be selectively detected by PCR，and the determination limit was 40 CFU/mL. In the pasteurized milk，the determination limit was 100 CFU/mL. This study laid a foundation for use of PMA-PCR to detect the E.sakazakii in the food.     

中国6个双峰驼群体微卫星遗传多样性分析

为了解中国双峰驼群体的遗传多样性及不同种群间的遗传进化关系,本研究采用微卫星标记技术,对中国阿拉善驼、青海驼、南疆驼、北疆驼、肃北驼、苏尼特驼6个双峰驼群体进行了遗传多样性分析。通过计算杂合度（H）、多态信息含量（PIC）、有效等位基因（Ne）、Shannon信息指数等分析群体内遗传变异,通过计算F-统计量、基因流、遗传分化系数、遗传距离等分析群体间遗传进化关系。结果显示,10个微卫星位点共检测到了89个等位基因,平均每个位点检测到8.9个等位基因;所有位点均属中高度多态位点（YWLL08除外）,平均PIC值在0.488~0.752之间;6个群体观测杂合度值（0.355~0.448）都低于期望杂合度值（0.643~0.703）;几乎所有位点的Shannon指数都>1,且处于哈代-温伯格不平衡状态（P< 0.05）。群体间遗传分化系数Fst值为0.059,处于较低程度的中等分化状态; 6个双峰驼群体的平均Fis值均为正值,说明6个双峰驼群体都存在不同程度的近交。基于标准遗传距离D_S和遗传距离D_A进行聚类分析,南疆驼和北疆驼聚为一支,阿拉善驼、青海驼、肃北驼、苏尼特驼4个群体聚为一支。研究表明,中国双峰驼遗传多样性丰富,群体内遗传变异较大,存在一定近交现象;群体间存在着一定的基因流动,群体间的分化主要由群体内的遗传变异造成;6个群体分为2个类群。     

高效液相色谱法测定德拉昔布咀嚼片的体外溶出度

建立了德拉昔布咀嚼片溶出度测定的高效液相色谱法,并对德拉昔布咀嚼片和Deramaxx咀嚼片的溶出度进行比较。方法为浆法,转速为50 r/min,0.8%十二烷基硫酸钠为溶出介质,于5、10、15、20、30、40、50 min分别采样;采用Waters XSelect H88 C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,磷酸盐缓冲液(pH4.5)-乙腈(52∶48,V/V)为流动相,检测波长252 nm;柱温30℃;外标法定量。结果表明,德拉昔布在5~25μg/mL浓度范围内线性良好(r²=0.9992),检测限与定量限分别为0.81μg/mL、2.57μg/mL;平均回收率为101.8%±0.91%;德拉昔布咀嚼片与Deramaxx溶出度在30 min内分别为87.78%±1.91%和88.76%±2.05%,符合规定。试验所建立的方法简便、准确、专属性强,可用于德拉昔布咀嚼片的溶出度测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯原料及制剂含量的研究

建立了癸氧喹酯原料药、固体分散体含量测定的高效液相色谱一紫外检测法。采用DiamonsilC18（4．6mm×150mm,5μm）反相色谱柱,以甲醇一水（95：5）溶液（用稀盐酸调pH值至3．5）为流动相,检测波长330nm,流速0．6mL／min,外标法定量。结果显示该方法最低检测限为0．0025p,g／mL,在0．5～10斗μmL浓度范围内,线性关系良好（A=11405C＋15821,R=0．999）,加样平均回收率99．61％,RSD为0．90％。此方法可用于癸氧喹酯的含量测定,适用于该药品固体分散体生产的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定猪血浆中氟苯尼考的含量

建立了猪血浆中氟苯尼考含量测定的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)。采用C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),以乙腈-水(24:76)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长223nm,进样量20μL,柱温为25℃。氟苯尼考浓度在0.1～16μg/mL时,标准曲线线性关系良好(r0.9998),无杂质干扰,回收率高于94%,批内变异系数和批间变异系数均低于5%。本方法操作简便,分析快速,结果准确,适用于猪血浆中氟苯尼考含量的测定及相关药代动力学研究。     

Analysis on the Genetic Diversity of Six Bactrian Camel Populations in China Using Microsatellite Marker

In order to understand the genetic diversity of Bactrian camel and the genetic evolutionary relationships between different populations,the genetic diversity of Alashan camel, Qinghai camel, Nanjiang camel, Beijiang camel, Subei camel and Sunite camel populations in China were analyzed using 10 microsatellite markers. By calculating heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC), effective allele (Ne), Shannon information index, the genetic variation within populations were analyzed. By calculating the F-statistics, gene flow, genetic differentiation coefficient and genetic distance to analyze the genetic relationship between populations. The results showed that 89 alleles were tested at the 10 microsatellite loci,8.9 alleles were tested at every locus in average. All loci were medium-highly polymorphic loci (except YWLL08),the average PIC of the Bactrian camel population was between 0.488 to 0.752. The observed heterozygosity (0.355 to 0.448) of 6 Bactrian camel populations was lower than the expected heterozygosity (0.643 to 0.703). Almost all loci Shannon index was greater than 1,and most of loci were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. The genetic differentiation coefficient between groups (Fst) value was 0.059 and in the low degree of moderately differentiated state. The average Fis values of 6 Bactrian camel populations were positive which suggested 6 Bactrian camel populations had different levels of inbreeding. The standard genetic distance (D_S) and genetic distance T (D_A) clustering analysis showed that the Nanjiang camel and Beijiang camel jointed as one group, the Alxa camel, Qinghai camel, Subei camel, Sunite camel jointed as the other group. Research showed that Chinese Bactrian camel was abundant in genetic diversity, genetic variation within population was larger, and there was a phenomenon of inbreeding. There was a certain gene flow between populations, the differentiation of populations were mainly caused by genetic variation within population. 6 Chinese Bactrian camel populations were divided into two groups.     

鸡血浆中乙酰氨基阿维菌素HPLC检测法的建立及口服给药后的药代动力学研究

旨在建立鸡血浆中乙酰氨基阿维菌素（EPR）浓度的高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测方法,并进行EPR在鸡体内的药代动力学研究。用甲醇提取血浆中的EPR,并用Sep-Pak C18固相萃取法进行纯化,纯化后的EPR经干燥处理,用三氟乙酸酐和N-甲基咪唑对其进行衍生化,使用荧光HPLC检测。结果表明,在血浆EPR含量为0.1~100 ng/mL范围内,标准曲线线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9999。检测限（LOD）为0.1 ng/mL,定量限（LOQ）为0.3 ng/mL。批内批间的平均回收率均大于90%,批内变异系数2.81~8.02%,批间变异系数4.32~5.83%。给蛋鸡口服5.0 mg/kg的EPR,EPR在鸡体内的药代动力学参数显示：给药后1.58 h可达最大血药浓度（Cmax）354.27 ng/mL;消除半衰期（T1/2el）为5.52 h;平均滞留时间（MRT）为6.40 h。以上结果说明建立的检测方法灵敏度高、准确度高,干扰少,适用于鸡血浆中EPR含量的检测。药代参数提示EPR在鸡体内的吸收代谢迅速,可较快消除。