血根碱对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩的影响及其机制研究

试验旨在研究血根碱对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌活动的影响。分离8周龄SD雌性未孕大鼠子宫平滑肌,通过BL-420F生物信号采集系统记录子宫平滑肌收缩频率和收缩幅度,计算子宫平滑肌活力。以硫酸阿托品、盐酸普萘洛尔、盐酸苯海拉明及盐酸雷尼替丁为阻断剂,观察血根碱对子宫平滑肌M、β、H₁、H₂受体的关系,探讨血根碱对子宫平滑肌的作用机制。结果显示,血根碱组和元胡止痛片组对缩宫素所致大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩频率、收缩幅度和活力均有显著的抑制作用（P<0.05）;应用H₁受体阻断剂苯海拉明和H₂受体阻断剂雷尼替丁后,血根碱对子宫平滑肌抑制作用基本被阻断,而应用M受体阻断剂阿托品,β受体阻断剂普萘洛尔后,血根碱对子宫平滑肌收缩仍具有显著的抑制作用（P<0.05）。综上所述,血根碱对大鼠子宫平滑肌活力具有显著的抑制作用,可能是通过抑制H₁、H₂受体实现,与M、β受体无关。     

Pharmacological evaluation of sheep lung strip

Isolated sheep lung parenchymal strips responded to histamine > carbachol > PGF_2a > 5-HT with contractions, and to isoproterenol (Isop), and to large doses of epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE) and phenylephrine (PE) with relaxations. PGF_2a-contracted lung strip responded to PGE₁ and PGE₂ with relaxation. The strips which were partially contracted to histamine, PGF_2a, 5-HT and carbachol also responded to isop, E and NE with relaxations. Histamine responses were not modified by metiamide (an H₂-receptor antagonist). Mepyramine and atropine selectively antagonized contractions to histamine and carbachol, respectively. After β-blockade with propranolol, lung strips responded to NE > E > PE > isop with contractions, which were inhibited or reversed by phentolamine and dibenzyline. It is concluded that H₁ receptors are present in sheep peripheral airway smooth muscles, and that a- and β-adrenoceptors mediate contraction and relaxation, respectively, in sheep lung strips.     

Diazepam potentiates the positive inotropic effects of histamine and forskolin in guinea-pig papillary muscles

There have been diverse reports on the effects of diazepam on cardiac contractility. The purpose of this study was to examine whether diazepam modifies the inotropic response elicited by histamine on an isolated guinea-pig papillary muscle. The responses of electrically driven papillary muscle to histamine and cyclic AMP-related inotropic agents were recorded in the absence and in the presence of diazepam. Histamine and forskolin, which directly stimulate adenylate cyclase, significantly increased the contractile force in the papillary muscle in a concentration-dependent manner. A histaminergic H₂-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, but not a H₁-receptor antagonist, diphenhydramine, at 10 μ M produced a rightward shift in the concentration-response curve for histamine. Diazepam (10 μ M ) shifted the concentration-response curve for histamine and forskolin to the left by 1.8 and 1.6 times, respectively. Neither a central type (fulmazenil) nor a peripheral type (PK11195) of benzodiazepine receptor antagonist modified the effect of diazepam on the histaminergic-evoked contraction. Phosphodiesterase blockade by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine shifted the concentration-dependent curve for histamine to the left. A combination of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine also produced a leftward shift of the curve. However, there was no significant difference between the 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine only group and the combination group. These results indicate that diazepam potentiates the positive inotropic effect produced by histamine, probably mediated via an increase in cyclic AMP levels induced by histamine.     

Characterization of muscarinic receptor subtype mediating contraction and relaxation in equine coronary artery in vitro

In coronary arterial rings isolated from horses, 10-^-8-10^-6 mol/l acetylcholine (ACh) induced concentration-dependent contractions which were potentiated by the removal of endothelium and by pretreatment with I,-nitro-arginine (LNAG) or methylene blue (MB). Relatively lower concentrations of Ach 10-¹⁴-10-⁸ mol/l) induced relaxation when the coronary rings were contracted by phenylephrine (PE). ACh-induced contractions in the coronary rings without endothelium were competitively inhibited by each muscarinic subtype selective antagonist in the following order of potency: 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) > pirenzepine ≥ parafluoro-hexahydrosiladiphenidol (pFHHSiD) > methoctramine. ACh-induced relaxation in the rings with endothelium was inhibited by LNAG or MB, and by each selective antagonist in the following order of potency: 4-DAMP < pFHHSiD ≥ pirenzepine ≥ methoctramine. These results suggest that the ACh-induced contraction and relaxation in equine coronary arteries are mediated mainly by an M₃-receptor located on the smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, respectively, and that the stimulation of the M₃-receptor on the endothelial cells liberates nitric oxide.     

Functional characterization of the muscarinic receptors involved in endothelium-dependent relaxation in isolated canine uterine artery

Acetylcholine interacts with endothelial muscarinic receptors releasing nitric oxide and causing vasodilatation. To identify the receptor subtype responsible for acetylcholine-induced relaxation in canine uterine artery, the usual organ bath method for in vitro investigation on isolated blood vessels was applied. Using a range of muscarinic receptor antagonists such as atropine (nonselective), pirenzepine (M₁-selective), methoctramine (M₂-selective) and p -fluoro-hexahydro-sila-difenidol ( p -FHHSiD) (M₁/M₃) and determining pA2 value of those antagonists through Shild analysis, we aimed at establishing a precise receptor mechanism underlying acetylcholine-induced relaxation in isolated canine uterine artery. The relaxation of uterine arterial rings in response to acetylcholine in the presence or absence of selective muscarinic receptors antagonists was calculated using concentration response curves. Acetylcholine induced concentration-dependent and endothelium-dependent relaxation of arterial rings precontracted with phenylephrine (pEC₅₀ = 6.90 ± 0.02). Muscarinic receptors antagonists atropine, pirenzepine, methoctramine and p -FHHSiD competitively antagonized the response to acetylcholine and obtained pA₂ values were 9.91 ± 0.06, 6.60 ± 0.04, 6.21 ± 0.08 and 8.05 ± 0.1, respectively. This study showed that acetylcholine induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine uterine artery by stimulation of muscarinic receptors localized on the endothelial cells. On the basis of differential antagonist affinity, we suggest that the muscarinic receptors involved in the acetylcholine-induced relaxation of canine uterine artery are predominantly of M₃ subtype.     

Characterization of bradykinin-induced endothelium-independent contraction in equine basilar artery

We investigated the effect of bradykinin (BK) on isolated equine basilar arterial rings with and without endothelium. BK induced concentration-dependent contraction of resting arterial rings and no relaxation when the rings were precontracted by prostaglandin F_2α. The maximal response and pD₂ value were 161.2 ± 28.1% (to 60 m m KCl-induced contraction) and 8.24 ± 0.25 respectively. The cumulative concentration–response curve for BK was not shifted to the right by des-Arg⁹-[Leu⁸]-BK (a B₁-receptor antagonist), HOE140 (a B₂-receptor antagonist) or NPC567 (another B₂-receptor antagonist). In four of six basilar arteries, NPC567 induced concentration-dependent contraction. Indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (a lipoxygenase inhibitor), quinacrine (a phospholipase A₂ inhibitor), tetrodotoxin (a selective blocker of Na⁺ channels), guanethidine (a nor-adrenergic neuron blocking drug), phentolamine (an α-adrenoceptor antagonist), Nω-nitro- l -arginine ( l -NNA, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor) and endothelial denudation did not affect the BK-induced contraction. l -NNA and indomethacin induced contraction and relaxation under resting vascular tone respectively. These results suggest that endothelial cells are not involved in BK-induced contraction and that the contraction is not mediated via activation of known B₁ and B₂ receptors. Arachidonic acid metabolites and neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and NO might not play a role in BK-induced contraction in equine basilar artery.     

Equine coronary artery responds to 5-hydroxytryptamine with relaxation in vitro

Isolated equine coronary arteries responded to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) with relaxations in both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms. Experiments were designed to characterize the 5-HT receptor sub type mediating these relaxations. Both 5-HT and alpha-methyl-5-HT (α-Me-5- HT; 5-HT₂ agonist) produced concentration-dependent relaxations in equine coronary arteries precontracted with a thromboxane A₂ derivative (0N011113). The degree of the maximal relaxation induced by α t-Me-5-HT was about one-half of that induced by 5-HT. In the coronary arteries without endothelium, α -Me-5-HT produced no relaxation, but 5-HT caused relaxation, which was inhibited by a 5-HT₁ antagonist (methysergide, mianserin and methiothepin), but was inhibited neither by ketanserin (5-HT₂ antagonist) nor by MDL72222 (5-HT₃ antagonist). In the coronary arteries with endothelium, however, the relaxation induced by α -Me-5-HT was inhibited by ketanserin, L-nitro-arginine (NO synthase inhibitor) and methylene blue (soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor). These results suggest that the relaxation induced by 5-HT in equine coronary arteries depends mainly on the stimulation of both 5-HTi receptor subtype on smooth muscle cells directly, and 5-HT₂ receptor subtype on endothelial cells indirectly by liberating endothe-lium-derived NO.     

Localization of CCK-1R in the omasum and role of CCK in the regulation of omasal contractions in sheep

The present study examined localization of cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-R) mRNA in the muscle layer of the ovine omasum and role of CCK-R type 1 (CCK-1R) in the regulation of muscle contraction of the omasum. We demonstrated that not only CCK-R type 2 (CCK-2R) mRNA but also CCK-1R mRNA is highly expressed in the muscle layer of the ovine omasum. Application of CCK-8 to muscle strips of the greater curvature of the ovine omasum at 1-100 nM induced tonic contraction in a concentration-dependent manner, and the contractile effect of CCK-8 was inhibited by both CCK-1R antagonist lorglumide (IC(50) 2.7 and 7.9 microM in the longitudinal and circular muscle, respectively) and CCK-2R antagonist PD135,158 (IC(50) 51.4 microM in the longitudinal muscle), indicating that not only CCK-2R but also CCK-1R is functionally expressed in the plasma membrane of smooth muscles in the omasum and mediates action of exogenous CCK. Contractile effect of intravenous infusion of CCK-8 (1-30 pmol/kg/min) on omasal contraction was also confirmed in the in vivo experiments using conscious sheep in the absence and presence of atropine infusion (14.4 nmol/kg/min), and showed that circulating CCK increases omasal electromyographic (EMG) activity at lower plasma concentration than that it inhibits ruminal contractions. Taking account of our previous results in the in vivo study using other CCK-1R antagonist, it is suggested that circulating CCK, even at normal range of plasma concentration, plays a physiological role as a regulator of omasal contractions in sheep and CCK-1R mediates the action of CCK.     

Effects of Pasteurella haemolytica culture supernate on bovine tracheal smooth muscle.

Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin is a ruminant specific leukotoxin that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of shipping fever in cattle. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of this toxin on bovine airway smooth muscle. In vitro, the addition of culture supernate containing leukotoxin to bovine tracheal smooth muscle resulted in contraction of 55% of the muscle strips tested. Maximum responses were reached rapidly during cumulative additions of this material. In 95% of the muscle strips that responded, maximum responses were obtained after the addition of one or two cumulative doses. Repeated additions of culture supernate resulted in decreased responsiveness. Since responsiveness to other agonists was not affected, these results suggest the development of a condition similar to tachyphylaxis. The contractions were inhibited by antihistamines. Diphenhydramine, at a concentration of 10(-6) M (dose-ratio 7), and mepyramine, at a concentration of 2 x 10(-7) M (dose-ratio 56), blocked the contractions by 84% and 100% respectively. In addition, the contractions were blocked by the muscarinic antagonist atropine, but this inhibition was much weaker (46%) and was present at high concentrations only. Inhibition of the contractions by H1 receptor antagonists suggests that the contractions are mediated via H1 receptors. Since the dose-response relationship is not typical of a drug-receptor interaction, it appears unlikely that the leukotoxin is a direct agonist of H1 receptors. It is proposed that an indirect mechanism of action involving the release of histamine by tissue mast cells is responsible for the leukotoxin-induced contractions.     

维生素E对H2O2诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞氧化损伤及紧密连接相关基因表达的影响

试验通过研究维生素E （VE）对H₂O₂诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（MAC-T cells）氧化损伤及紧密连接相关基因表达的影响,旨在揭示维生素E对缓解奶牛乳腺细胞氧化应激的作用。试验设对照组（完全培养基处理组）、H₂O₂组和H₂O₂＋VE组。利用MTT法检测奶牛乳腺细胞存活率,比色法检测奶牛乳腺细胞培养液中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、丙二醛（MDA）和活性氧（ROS）含量;通过实时荧光定量PCR检测紧密连接基因ZO-1、occludin、claudin-1的相对表达量。结果显示,与对照组相比,H₂O₂组的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞存活率显著下降（P<0.05）,ROS和MDA含量显著增加（P<0.05）,SOD和CAT活性显著下降（P<0.05）;与H₂O₂组相比,H₂O₂＋20 μmol/L VE组的细胞存活率显著上升（P<0.05）,ROS和MDA含量显著下降（P<0.05）,SOD和CAT活性显著增加（P<0.05）。此外,与对照组相比,H₂O₂组极显著抑制了紧密连接基因的相对表达量（P<0.01）;而与H₂O₂组相比,添加维生素E极显著缓解了H₂O₂对紧密连接基因相对表达的抑制作用（P<0.01）。本研究结果证明,维生素E不仅能够减轻H₂O₂诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞氧化损伤,还能缓解H₂O₂对紧密连接基因相对表达的抑制作用。     

The effect of xylazine on the isolated sheep trachea

The effect of xylazine on the isolated sheep trachea and its possible interactions with the α₂-adrenergic antagonist, atipamezole, and the anticholinergic agent, atropine, was studied. The mechanical responses of the tracheal preparations were recorded after exposing each one to cumulatively increasing concentrations of xylazine alone or in the presence of atipamezole or atropine.
Xylazine exerted a concentration-dependent contractile effect, with a threshold concentration of 10^--⁷M while the maximum activity was produced at a concentration of 10^--⁵M (EC₅₀= 2.3 × 10^--⁷). This xylazine-induced contractile effect was inhibited by atipamezole, but not significantly modified by atropine. Thus, it is concluded that α₂-adrenoceptors exist in the sheep trachea and it is suggested that α₂-adrenoceptor agonists may act on airways in sheep directly through stimulation of peripheral α₂-adrenergic receptors and indirectly via central α₂-adrenergic receptor activation of parasympathetic tone.     

硫氧还蛋白对过氧化氢诱导的BRL-3A细胞损伤的保护作用

本试验利用不同浓度过氧化氢（H₂O₂）作用于BRL-3A大鼠肝细胞,用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）比色法检测BRL-3A细胞存活数量以确定H₂O₂最适损伤浓度。试验随机分为正常对照组、H₂O₂处理组和硫氧还蛋白(2.5和5 μmol/L) 预处理组,用脂质过氧化物丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）试剂盒测定细胞的氧化应激变化。结果显示1000 μmol/L H₂O₂对BRL-3A细胞增殖具有显著的抑制作用（P<0.05）;2.5 μmol/L 硫氧还蛋白对H₂O₂损伤的BRL-3A细胞具有保护作用,能显著抑制H₂O₂诱导的BRL-3A细胞损伤产生MDA（P＜0.05）,并显著增加细胞SOD及CAT的活性（P＜0.05）,从而保护肝细胞。本试验结果表明,硫氧还蛋白对H₂O₂诱导BRL-3A细胞的氧化应激损伤具有保护作用。     

The role of thromboxane A2 in regulating porcine basilar arterial tone

The aim of the present study was to clarify the participation of endogenous arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites in regulating porcine basilar, coronary, pulmonary and mesenteric arterial tones in vitro . A cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, relaxed basilar artery but not other arteries examined. Quinacrine (a phospholipase A₂ inhibitor), OKY-046 (a thromboxane (TX) A₂ synthetase inhibitor) and ONO-3708 (a TXA₂/prostaglandin H₂ receptor antagonist) produced relaxation in basilar arteries with intact endothelium. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (a lipoxygenase inhibitor) had no effect on the tone. The amount of TXB₂ (a stable metabolite of TXA₂) spontaneously released from porcine basilar arteries was 6–10 fold more than those from other arteries. Indomethacin and OKY-046 mostly inhibited the production of TXB₂. Endothelial denudation decreased indomethacin-induced relaxation and the amount of TXB₂. These results suggest that a vasoconstricting substance(s) is released from endothelial cells and possibly smooth muscle cells in porcine basilar arteries in vitro . The main constricting substance is proposed to be TXA₂. On the other hand, several arteries from peripheral vascular beds did not release this vasoconstricting substance.     

贵妃鸡肌细胞生成素基因SNPs检测及其与屠宰性状的相关性分析

试验以肌细胞生成素(myogenin,MyoG)基因作为屠宰性状候选基因,以相同饲养条件下13周龄的贵妃鸡为研究对象,采用PCR扩增产物直接测序,检测该基因单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs),并进行MyoG基因SNP位点与屠宰性状的相关性分析。结果发现,在研究群体中检测到4个SNPs位点,存在T-T-A-G、T-T-A-A、C-C-A-G和C-C-G-A共4种单倍型,分别命名为H₁、H₂、H₃和H₄,经序列对比,可构建出H₁H₁、H₁H₂、H₁H₃、H₁H₄和H₂H₃共5种双倍型,对所定义的5种双倍型与贵妃鸡屠宰性状间进行关联分析,结果均未达到显著水平。     

Cisapride Stimulates Contraction of Idiopathic Megacolonic Smooth Muscle in Cats

We have previously shown that cisapride, a substituted piperidinyl benzamide, stimulates contraction of healthy feline colonic smooth muscle. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of cisapride on feline idiopathic megacolonic smooth muscle function. Longitudinal smooth muscle strips from ascending and descending colon were obtained from cats with idiopathic megacolon, suspended in a 1.5 mM Ca²⁺-HEPES buffer solution (37°C, 100% O₂, pH 7.4), attached to isometric force transducers, and stretched to optimal muscle length (L₀). Control responses were obtained at each muscle site with acetylcholine (10–⁸ to 10 ⁴ M), substance P (10–¹¹ to 10^-7 M), or potassium chloride (10 to 80 mM). Muscles were then stimulated with cumulative (10–⁹ to 10–⁶ M) doses of cisapride in the absence or presence of tetrodotoxin (10–⁶ M) and atropine (10–⁶ M), or in a 0 calcium HEPES buffer solution. In cats with idiopathic megacolon, cisapride stimulated contractions of longitudinal smooth muscle from both the ascending and the descending colon. Cisapride-induced contractions were similar in magnitude to those induced by substance P and acetylcholine in the ascending colon, but were less than those observed in the descending colon. Cisapride-induced contractions in megacolonic smooth muscle were only partially inhibited by tetrodotoxin and atropine, but were virtually abolished by removal of extracellular calcium. We concluded that cisapride-induced contractions of feline megacolonic smooth muscle are largely smooth muscle mediated and dependent on influx of extracellular calcium. Cisapride-induced contractions in megacolonic smooth muscle are only partially dependent on enteric cholinergic nerves. Thus, cisapride may be useful in the treatment of cats with idiopathic megacolon.     

紫菀乙醇提取物对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌收缩功能的影响

本试验旨在研究紫菀乙醇提物对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌收缩功能的影响。采用离体气管恒温灌流的方法,将豚鼠气管制成气管螺旋条,通过 BL-420F 生物机能实验系统测定其张力的变化,观察紫菀乙醇提物对离体气管平滑肌静息状态下的舒张作用,以及在氯化乙酰胆碱(Ach)、磷酸组胺(His)、CaCl₂条件下和无钙下Ach诱导细胞内钙释放和外钙内流所致两种收缩条件下对离体气管平滑肌张力变化的影响。试验结果显示,低浓度紫菀乙醇提取物(0.002~0.008 g/mL)对静息状态下豚鼠离体气管平滑肌具有一定的收缩作用,高浓度(0.008~0.196 g/mL)时具有舒张作用;低、中、高3个剂量组均可抑制Ach、His和CaCl₂引起的气管平滑肌收缩强度,使各致痉剂的量效曲线非平行右移并降低最大效应。紫菀乙醇提取物对His的抑制作用强度最大,其次为Ach,最后是CaCl₂,且均呈剂量依赖性。以上结果表明紫菀乙醇提物具有舒张气管平滑肌的作用,其机制可能与抑制豚鼠气管平滑肌M受体、H₁受体和阻断Ca²⁺通道从而抑制细胞Ca²⁺内流有关。     

Effects of Alcohol Extract of Aster tataricus L.f.on the Contraction of Guinea Pig Tracheal Smooth Muscle in vitro

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of alcohol extract of Aster tataricus L.f.on the contraction of isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle.The guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle was prepared by isolated tracheal thermostatic perfusion method.The effects of Aster tataricus L.f.on tracheal smooth muscle under the resting state and contraction stimulated by acetylcholine (Ach),histamine (His),CaCl₂,Ca²⁺ release and influx in cells without calcium were measured by BL-420F biological function experiment systems.The results showed that Aster tataricus L.f.could induce the contraction of isolated trachea at resting state at a low concentrations of 0.002 to 0.008 g/mL and exerted a relaxation on the isolated trachea when at the higher concentrations of 0.008 to 0.196 g/mL.All of the three concentrations of Aster tataricus L.f.could inhibit the tension stimulated by Ach,His and CaCl₂ which were antispasmodic agents,led to the non-parallelled rightward moving of cumulative concentration-response curve and the decline of maximal responses.The suppressive effect on His was the strongest,followed by Ach and CaCl₂,and the suppression could counteract the contraction induced by extracellular Ca²⁺influx significantly,and they were all expressed concentration-dependent manner.These results indicated the alcohol extract of Aster tataricus L.f.could relax tracheal smooth muscle by acting on M-receptor and histamine receptor and blocking Ca²⁺ passage,thus inhibiting extracellular Ca²⁺influx.     

活性氧对猪卵母细胞SUMO-1表达及其质量的影响

本研究旨在调查活性氧过氧化氢（hydrogen peroxide,H₂O₂）对猪卵母细胞体外成熟（in vitro maturation,IVM）过程中蛋白质类泛素SUMO-1表达及精-卵结合能力的影响。试验分为0（control）、10、50、75和100 μg/mL H₂O₂处理组。利用Western blotting、流式细胞术、实时荧光定量PCR、Hoechst染色等方法检测猪卵母细胞体外成熟、蛋白质类泛素SUMO-1含量、细胞活力、凋亡基因mRNA表达、透明带（zona pellucid,ZP）溶解度和精子-卵母细胞结合的表达。结果表明,75 μg/mL H₂O₂组与对照组、10和50 μg/mL H₂O₂组比较卵母细胞体外成熟率及细胞活力显著降低;75 μg/mL H₂O₂组与其他H₂O₂组相比ZP溶解时间显著延长,并减少了精子黏附在成熟卵母细胞透明带上的数量（P<0.05）。在77和18 ku处出现SUMO-1蛋白标记,75 μg/mL H₂O₂组与对照组、10和50 μg/mL H₂O₂组比较SUMO-1蛋白含量显著降低（P<0.05）。75 μg/mL H₂O₂与对照组、10和50 μg/mL H₂O₂组比较显著下调了Bcl-2基因,而Caspase-3基因表达与对照组和10 μg/mL H₂O₂组比较显著升高（P<0.05）,50 μg/mL H₂O₂与对照组和10 μg/mL H₂O₂组相比显著上调了Bax基因水平（P<0.05）。综上所述,H₂O₂能调控猪卵母细胞体外成熟过程中类泛素化水平以及精-卵结合能力。     

水淹和密度配置对牛鞭草与狗牙根扦插苗光合作用的影响

为探究狗牙根(C)与牛鞭草(H)当年生扦插苗在不同水淹地区较优的密度配置,于2016年4月29日在盆栽控制条件下设置3种不同水分条件(对照组—CK组、浅淹组—SF组、全淹组—TF组)、7种牛鞭草与狗牙根配置比例(每盆牛鞭草与狗牙根株数分别按2株进行递增与递减),具体配比分别为H0C12、H2C10、H4C8、H6C6、H8C4、H10C2和H12C0,对混植条件下牛鞭草与狗牙根在水淹环境中的生长及光合作用进行了比较研究。结果表明:水淹和密度配置对狗牙根、牛鞭草的净光合速率有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。CK条件下,牛鞭草在密度H2C10下的净光合速率显著高于牛鞭草单植条件下的净光合速率(P<0.05),狗牙根在混植条件下的净光合速率与单植相比显著降低(P<0.05);SF条件下,牛鞭草在密度H8C4下的净光合速率显著大于其他密度下的净光合速率,而狗牙根单植下的净光合速率与混植相比显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,牛鞭草在TF组的净光合速率显著降低(P<0.05)。综合考虑混植体系的整体光合效率,建议在三峡库区无水淹地区混植牛鞭草与狗牙根的最佳密度配置为H2C10;在浅水淹地区,采取最佳密度配置为H8C4;在较低海拔的全淹地区,采取单植牛鞭草的方式将是更为理想的选择。     

信号分子H2O2调节抗氧化系统提高高羊茅耐热性研究

采用盆栽试验,利用10 mmol/L的H₂O₂对冷季型草坪草高羊茅进行叶面喷施处理,研究外源低浓度H₂O₂对高羊茅叶片中抗氧化系统的调控作用及其对高羊茅抗热性的影响。结果表明,H₂O₂可能作为信号分子预先增加抗氧化酶的活性,改变抗氧化剂的浓度,从而减轻随后发生的热胁迫对草坪草造成的氧化伤害;在胁迫过程中POD和CAT活性在H₂O₂预处理后增加不显著,热胁迫本身增加了POD的活性,但是降低了CAT活性,POD对于提高高羊茅的耐热性可能具有更重要的作用;外源H₂O₂显著影响了高羊茅叶片中的AsA-GSH循环,其中处理植株中的APX、GPX和GR的活性在热胁迫过程中增加20%～110%,GSH/GSSG下降了80%,与高羊茅抗热性的提高密切相关。可见信号分子H₂O₂可以通过调控高羊茅的抗氧化系统提高其抗热性。