牛奶中雌二醇胶体金试纸条快速检测技术研究

为了建立快速、敏感、特异的雌二醇（E₂）残留免疫检测方法,本研究应用胶体金免疫层析技术,研究制备一种快速检测牛奶中E₂的方法。采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,采用物理吸附法将E₂兔多克隆抗体偶联至胶体金,经过优化抗原包被量和多克隆抗体标记量等反应条件组装成检测试纸条,测定检测试纸的灵敏度、特异性、重复性和加速保存等参数,并对E₂类似物交叉反应和牛奶基质干扰反应进行了测定。结果表明,试纸条最优包被抗原浓度为2 mg/mL,抗体浓度为20 μg/mL。采用消线法判定结果,检测时间10 min,PBS缓冲液中E₂检测限为10 μg/L,该方法与雌三醇的交叉反应率为40%,与戊酸雌二醇、苯甲酸雌二醇、雌酮、己烯雌酚、炔雌醚、乙炔雌二醇、壬基酚等类似物均无可见交叉反应,牛奶样品经2倍稀释消除基质干扰直接用于检测,该方法在牛奶样品中的判定值为20 μg/L。本研究建立的E₂胶体金试纸条使用简单方便,适合现场快速检测牛奶中E₂残留。     

雌二醇单克隆抗体制备及间接竞争ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立敏感、特异、快速的雌二醇（estradiol,E₂）残留免疫检测方法,本研究利用雌二醇人工抗原（E₂-BSA）免疫BALB/c小鼠,应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备特异性雌二醇单克隆抗体,利用高效价、高特异性单克隆抗体建立间接竞争ELISA（icELISA）方法。结果显示,试验成功筛选获得一株稳定分泌抗雌二醇抗体的杂交瘤细胞株（3H3）,抗体效价可达1∶320 000,利用3H3腹水抗体优化间接竞争icELISA反应条件,检测抗体的敏感度,IC₅₀为1.636 ng/mL,IC₂₀~IC₈₀线性范围为0.202~13.281 ng/mL。雌二醇腹水抗体与雌三醇、乙炔雌二醇的交叉反应率分别达0.31%和0.25%,而与雌酮、戊酸雌二醇、苯甲酸雌二醇、炔雌醚、己烯雌酚、壬基酚的交叉反应率均<0.1%。结果表明,利用本研究制备的单克隆抗体建立雌二醇间接竞争ELISA检测方法,可满足食品中雌二醇残留高灵敏度的检测要求。     

Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody and Establishment of Indirect Competitive ELISA of Estradiol

In order to establish a sensitive,specific and rapid method for the detection of estradiol (E₂) residues, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) based on monoclonal antibody (MAb) for E₂ was developed. BALB/c mice were immunized by E₂-BSA and cell fusion technology was employed to screen hybridoma cell lines. One hybridoma cell line (3H3) was isolated, which produced monoclonal antibody that could binding E₂. Under the optimized conditions, the icELISA based on 3H3 for E₂ showed a half maximum inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) values of 1.636 ng/mL and detection ranges of 0.202 to 13.281 ng/mL with cross-reactivities for estriol and ethinyloestradiol of 0.31% and 0.25%, respectively, and negligible cross-reactivities with other E₂ analogs including estrone, estradiol valerate, estradiol benzoate, quinestrol, diethylstilbestrol and nonylphenol. The results demonstrated that the developed method could meet the requirements of high sensitivity detection of E₂ residue in food samples.     

催乳激素对山羊脂肪酸合酶基因转录活性的影响

为探讨催乳激素对体外培养的山羊乳腺上皮细胞脂肪酸合酶（fatty acid synthase，FASN）基因转录活性的调控作用，试验分别用不同浓度的胰岛素（insulin，INS）、雌激素（estradiol，E₂）、催乳素（prolactin，PRL）及不同激素组合（INS+PRL、E₂+INS+PRL）处理山羊乳腺上皮细胞24 h，提取细胞总RNA，采用实时荧光定量PCR检测催乳激素对FASN基因mRNA表达水平的影响。细胞转染山羊FASN基因启动子报告基因载体，同样用不同浓度的胰岛素、雌激素、催乳素及激素组合处理24 h，利用双荧光素酶报告基因系统检测催乳激素对FASN基因启动子活性的影响。结果发现，用雌激素、催乳素处理山羊乳腺上皮细胞后，FASN基因启动子活性及mRNA水平极显著或显著上调（P<0.01；P<0.05），雌激素浓度为10、100 μmol/L和催乳素浓度为0.1和1 μg/mL时效果最为明显，而胰岛素对FASN基因的启动子活性及mRNA水平没有显著影响（P>0.05）。用不同激素组合（INS+PRL、E₂+INS+PRL）处理细胞均能显著上调FASN基因启动子活性及mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）。结果表明，雌激素和催乳素能够调控FASN基因的转录活性，为进一步研究泌乳过程中FASN基因的分子调控机制提供理论依据。     

口蹄疫病毒感染与免疫鉴别诊断及免疫评价二联试纸的优化

【目的】建立口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)感染与免疫鉴别诊断及免疫评价二联试纸稳定的生产工艺,促进其产业化生产及临床应用。【方法】本研究以胶体金免疫探针结合猪IgG,FMDV结构蛋白(SP)及非结构蛋白(NSP)的表位多肽偶联载体蛋白制备人工抗原,设置两条检测线精准拦截抗体的检测模式,以试纸条特异性及敏感性为评价指标,对胶体金免疫探针用蛋白、试纸拦截用多肽抗原、检测线位置及喷膜缓冲液、金标蛋白保存液、样品垫缓冲液以及样品稀释液等参数进行优化。采用优化后的试纸检测266份田间猪血清样品,并与口蹄疫O型抗体液相阻断ELISA检测试剂盒(LPB ELISA)和3ABC阻断ELISA抗体检测试剂盒(3ABC ELISA)检测结果进行对比,计算该试纸与商品ELISA试剂盒的符合率。【结果】经优化后,口蹄疫感染与免疫鉴别诊断及免疫评价二联试纸生产工艺参数如下：以胶体金标记金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋白(SPA)为免疫探针;选择混合多肽的形式设置拦截线,以非结构蛋白多肽(BSA-NSPs)喷涂T1线,结构蛋白多肽(BSA-SPs)喷涂T2线,以0.1 mol/L Tris-HCl为喷膜缓冲液;以ddH₂     

沙拉沙星间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫检测方法的建立

为建立动物源性食品中沙拉沙星（SAR）残留的快速检测方法,本试验通过对盐酸沙拉沙星进行分子改造和偶联蛋白合成完全免疫原,免疫小鼠制备SAR单克隆抗体。通过棋盘法确定最佳包被原浓度及一抗稀释度,优化确定最佳反应条件,从而建立间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫（ic-CLEIA）检测方法,并通过灵敏度、精密度、交叉反应率、添加回收试验对该方法进行评价。紫外扫描结果显示,完全免疫原偶联成功;制备的SAR单克隆抗体效价达1：4×10⁶;包被原浓度为0.25 μg/mL,抗体稀释比为1：750 000,4 ℃包被过夜,5%脱脂乳封闭,竞争孵育1 h,酶标二抗稀释比为1：10 000,孵育1 h为ic-CLEIA最佳反应条件;建立的ic-CLEIA方法标准曲线呈线性,线性范围为0.0625~10 ng/mL,R²=0.995,灵敏度IC₅₀为1.45 ng/mL;其平均批内和批间变异系数均<10%;除与二氟沙星的交叉反应率达到98.08%以外,与其他氟喹诺酮类药物的交叉反应率均<8%,与其他非氟喹诺酮类药物均无交叉反应;SAR标准溶液的最低检测限（LOD）为0.32 ng/mL,SAR在鸡肉样品中的LOD为0.46 μg/kg;添加回收率在88.3%~106.7%范围内,其变异系数≤12.2%。结果表明,本研究建立的ic-CLEIA方法检测速度快、灵敏度高,适用于动物源性食品中SAR残留的大量检测,为SAR残留检测提供了新的方法。     

呕吐毒素残留快速检测试纸条的研制

为研制一种用于检测牛奶中呕吐毒素（deoxynivalenol,DON）残留的快速检测试纸条,试验以人工合成抗原DON-OVA和羊抗鼠二抗为原料,包被硝酸纤维素膜;以抗DON单克隆抗体为原料,制备金标抗体,并冻干保存于反应板微孔中,最终制备出可用于检测牛奶中DON残留的胶体金快速检测试纸条。结果显示,该检测试纸条检测限为100 μg/L,重复性、特异性均较好,可用于检测牛奶中DON残留。     

水牛发情周期生殖激素变化规律及唾液结晶的分析

试验对水牛发情周期血清和唾液中雌二醇(E_2)和孕酮(P_4)的浓度变化规律、水牛唾液结晶与卵泡发育变化分别进行了分析研究,为进一步探讨水牛发情规律、指导生产提供依据。采用酶联免疫分析法(ELISA)测定发情母水牛血清和唾液中E_2和P_4的浓度变化,并对血清和唾液的激素变化规律进行相关性分析。结果表明,水牛血清和唾液中的E_2和P_4呈波动性变化。发情前期,唾液中P_4浓度一直维持在6.50～7.10 ng/mL,发情第13天达到11.09 ng/mL,随后快速下降。唾液中E_2浓度在发情第3～5天出现一个峰值178.53 pg/mL,在第14～17天唾液中E_2浓度显著升高,出现第二个峰值179.10 pg/mL。母水牛唾液中E_2和P_4浓度的变化趋势与其在血清中的变化趋势基本一致,均呈显著相关(P<0.05);唾液中E_2与P_4浓度呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。水牛发情当天唾液结晶呈现明显的蕨类作物形状且分维值显著低于其他时间点(P<0.05)。水牛发情周期唾液结晶图形的变化与卵巢卵泡发育基本同步,可作为监测水牛发情及预测排卵的可靠指标之一。     

雌激素和孕酮对犬子宫内膜基质细胞增殖和孕酮受体表达的影响

本试验应用不同消化分离途径获取犬子宫内膜基质细胞,调节培养液中雌激素(E₂)和孕酮(P₄)的浓度,采用MTT法测定E₂和P₄浓度水平对犬子宫内膜基质细胞体外增殖的影响,利用细胞免疫组织化学法鉴定细胞并测定细胞孕酮受体(PR)表达与激素浓度水平的相关性。结果表明,E₂浓度变化(15、30、100 pg/mL)对犬子宫内膜基质细胞的增殖和PR的表达均没有显著的调节作用(P>0.05);P₄(15、30 ng/mL)对犬子宫内膜基质细胞的增殖有显著促进作用(P<0.05),P₄(3、15、30 ng/mL)对犬子宫内膜基质细胞PR的表达具有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05),其影响程度与浓度和作用时间关系密切。     

Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on Canine Endometrial Stromal Cells Proliferation and Progesterone Receptor Expression

In this study different digestion and isolation methods were applied to obtain canine endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), different concentration levels were set for estrogen (E₂) and progesterone (P₄), then MTT method was used to measure their effect on cell proliferation in vitro, also cell immunohistochemistry was used for cell identification and measurement of effect on progesterone receptors (PR) expression.The results indicated that E₂ (15, 30 and 100 pg/mL) showed no significant regulations on both cell proliferation and PR expression, P₄ (15 and 30 ng/mL) had significant promoting effect on proliferation of ESCs (P<0.05), P₄ (3, 15 and 30 ng/mL) showed significant inhibitory effect on PR expression (P<0.05), the regulation level was related to concentration and acting time.     

大片形吸虫免疫胶体金检测试纸条的研制及初步应用

为建立一种快速、简便、适应现场应用的水牛大片形吸虫检测方法,本试验利用抗大片形吸虫ES抗原单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株7D1和7D4分别制备和纯化得到单克隆抗体7D1和7D4;采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备颗粒大小为30 nm的胶体金,再用胶体金标记纯化单克隆抗体7D1,在硝酸纤维素膜的质控带和检测带处分别包被羊抗鼠IgG二抗和单克隆抗体7D4,经反应条件优化,组装成了大片形吸虫免疫检测试纸条。经测试该检测试纸条对ES抗原的检测下限为0.94 μg/mL,与胰扩盘吸虫、前后盘吸虫、支原体、弓形虫、伊氏锥虫均无交叉反应,特异性好。采集广西地区334份水牛新鲜粪样并用试纸条检测,阳性率为38.62%。结果表明,试纸条方法操作简单、快速、易于判定,特异性好,敏感性高,适合基层大面积普查和现场检测大片形吸虫。     

Preparation and Primary Application of Immunity Colloidal Gold Test Strip for Fasciola gigantica

To establish a rapid, simple, sensitive and adapting field application assay for water buffalo Fasciola gigantica, the monoclonal antibodies of hybridoma cell strains 7D1 and 7D4 against excretory-secretary antigen(ES Ag) of Fasciola gigantica were prepared and purified. Meanwhile, the colloidal gold particle was prepared by the sodium cirrate reduction method, then the affinity purified 7D1 monoclone antibodies was labeled with the 30 nm colloidal gold particles. The 7D4 monoclonal antibodies and the goat anti-mouse IgG antibody using as secondary antibodies were coated on the surface of nitrocellulose filter(NC) membrane as the test line (T line) and control line (C line), respectively. The immune colloidal gold test strip was developed by optimizing the experiment conditions. The test results showed the prepared strip had a detecting prescribed minimum of 0.94 μg/mL of Fasciola gigantica excretory-secretary antigen, and it had no any cross reaction with the antigens of Eurytrema pancreaticum, Paramphistome, Chlamydia, Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma evansi. Using the prepared strip to investigate the 334 fresh feces from buffaloes in Guangxi and the positive rate was 38.62%. These results indicated that this strip method was simple, rapid and easy determination, good specificity, high sensitivity, and adapted field application assay for Fasciola gigantica.     

Effect of Human Menopausal Gonadotropin,17β-estradiol and Epidermal Growth Factor on the Quality of in vitro Maturation Bovine Oocytes

For optimizing in vitro maturation system of bovine oocytes,we firstly examined the influence of four different hormonal regimes(FSH+LH,HMG,FSH+LH+E₂ and HMG+E₂) on oocyte maturation rates.Then we studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the above defined medium on bovine oocyte maturation,in vitro development and quality of parthenogenetic embryos.The cell apoptotic index of parthenogenetic blastocysts was detected by TUNEL.No significant difference was observed in maturation rates in four groups supplemented with different hormones.However,human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) provided steady maturation results in replicates.Maturation of oocytes was promoted by supplementation with 17β-estradiol (E₂).Combination of HMG and E₂ gave rise to steady and efficient mature results.The presence of EGF at 30 ng/mL concentration significantly increased maturation rate and blastocyst rate and reduced apoptotic cells in parthenogenetic blastocysts.Therefore,the optimal oocyte maturation solution could be supplemented with 0.075 IU/mL HMG,1 μg/mL E₂ and 30 ng/mL EGF.     

人尿促性腺激素、雌二醇及表皮生长因子对牛卵母细胞体外成熟质量的影响

试验旨在研究不同激素配比及表皮生长因子(EGF)浓度对牛卵母细胞体外成熟及卵母细胞质量的影响。将随机分组的卵丘-卵母细胞复合体于添加FSH+LH、HMG、FSH+LH+E₂、HMG+E₂ 4种不同激素组合配比的成熟基础液中培养,对比其体外成熟率,比较了EGF对牛卵母细胞体外成熟率和孤雌胚胎体外发育的影响,并采用TUNEL法检测添加不同浓度EGF的牛孤雌激活囊胚细胞凋亡情况。结果表明,添加HMG的成熟试验结果稳定,E₂对牛卵母细胞成熟有一定的促进作用,HMG+E₂联合使用可以得到高效稳定的成熟结果;在此基础上,在成熟液中添加30 ng/mL EGF对牛卵母细胞的成熟质量、胚胎发育及降低胚胎细胞凋亡都有明显的促进作用。因此,在体外成熟培养液中添加0.075 IU/mL HMG、1 μg/mL E₂和30 ng/mL EGF对牛卵母细胞的成熟和质量较为有益。     

Circulation of estrogens introduced into the rectum or duodenum in pigs

To determine the absorption and metabolism of 17β-estradiol (E₂) by the rectum of the pig, 10 mg of crystalline E₂ was placed in the rectum of prepubertal gilts in Experiment 1. Blood samples were subsequently obtained from hepatic portal and jugular veins and plasma was assayed for E₂, estrone (E₁), 17β-estradiol-glucuronide (E₂G), estrone-glucuronide (E₁G) and estrone-sulfate (E₁S). Concentration of E₂, E₁, E₂G, E₁G, and E₁S rose in the hepatic portal vein within 30 min and remained elevated for several hr. Concentrations of E₂ in the hepatic portal vein represented 3% of the total estrogen detected in the hepatic portal vein during the 5 hr sampling period, indicating that most of the E₂ was metabolized prior to entering the hepatic portal vein after absorption by the rectal mucosa. Concentrations of E₂, E₁, E₂G, E₁G, and E₁S rose in the jugular vein and remained elevated for several hr. The rise in E₂ and E₁ in the jugular vein may have come from E₂ and E₁ in venous circulation from the rectum that entered the inferior vena cava bypassing the hepatic portal vein and liver. The net result of absorption of E₂ from the rectum of gilts was a large rise in unconjugated and conjugated E₂ and E₁ in the peripheral circulation. In Experiment 2 prepubertal gilts fitted with jugular, hepatic portal, duodenal, and gall bladder catheters were infused into the duodenum with bile from pregnant gilts. Concentrations of E₂, E₁, E₂G, and E₁G were determined in gallbladder bile of gilts before infusion and at 470 min. Concentrations of E₂G and E₁G were determined in hepatic portal and jugular plasma before and after infusion of bile. A cholagogue was given at 480 min and E₂G and E₁G were measured in plasma from 490 min to 960 min. Concentrations of E₂ and E₁ in gallbladder bile rose at 470 min and fell to basal concentrations at 970 min. In gilts given the cholagogue, E₂G and E₁G in both the jugular and hepatic portal veins rose significantly over those in gilts not given the cholagogue. Bile estrogens circulate via the enterohepatic route and factors that influence secretion of estrogens in bile can influence concentrations of circulating estrogens.     

检测牛乳κ-酪蛋白的间接竞争ELISA法与间接ELISA法比较

试验旨在建立一种快速简单检测牛乳κ-酪蛋白（κ-CN）含量的酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）方法,为解决牛乳蛋白掺假问题提供一定的技术支持。以牛乳κ-CN为包被抗原,以酶标抗体（HRP-IgG）为检测抗体分别建立间接竞争ELISA法和间接ELISA法,并对两种检测方法进行分析比较。结果表明：对于间接竞争ELISA法,κ-CN抗原包被浓度为2.5 μg/mL,线性范围为62.5~1 000.0 ng/mL,变异系数< 2%,回收率在98.46%~101.68%;对于间接ELISA法,κ-CN抗原包被浓度为1.56 μg/mL,线性范围为0.098~3.125 μg/mL,变异系数< 1%,回收率在99.10%~101.06%。比较两种检测方法,间接竞争ELISA法检测耗时较短,抗体应用量较少,而间接法不需要包被成本较高的目标标准蛋白,相关系数也较高,但其检测体系组成成分较多,且需包被待测样品,较难组成ELISA试剂盒体系,不宜用于现场检测。因此,大规模制备ELISA试剂盒体系用于快速检测蛋白含量时可采用间接竞争法,不仅抗体应用量少、节约成本且快速、简单,可更好地用于科研实践。     

柱状黄杆菌双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

The aim of this study was to develop a rapid method for the detection of Flavobacterium columnaris based on a double antibody sandwich ELISA （DAS-ELISA）. Purified monoclonal antibody against Flavobacterium columnaris was used as the capture antibody, while polyclonal antibody was used as the detection antibody. The optimal conditions for the ELISA were as follows: monoclonal antibody with 0.08 μg per well was added to coat overnight at 4 ℃; the plate was blocked by 30 g/L bovin serum albumin for 90 min at 37 ℃; incubation concentration of polyclonal antibody was 0.11 μg per well; the incubation time for detection antigen, polyclonal antibody and enzyme labeled antibody was 1 h at 37 ℃ for each; the value of D_{492 nm} was obtained after 15 min coloration. Judging with P/N≥2.1 and D_{492 nm}≥0.776 as positive criteria. This method had no cross reaction with Edwardsiella tarda, E. coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. Its minimum detectable limit was 1×10³ CFU. Therefore, this study provided a specific and sensitive detection method for Flavobacterium columnaris for the first time.     

Effect of GDF9 on Sheep Cumulus Cell Proliferation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) on the gene expression of cumulus cells expansion and hormone receptors as well as hormone secretion,in order to provide evidence for the role of GDF9 in the development of sheep cumulus cells.Sheep cumulus cells were used as the research object in this study,and were cultured for 48 h by adding different concentrations (0,50,100,200,400 ng/mL) GDF9 to low serum cell culture medium.Total RNA were extracted from the cells,using β-actin as the reference gene,Real-time quantitative PCR technology were used to detect the cumulus cells expansion related genes hyaluronic acid synthase gene 2 (HAS2),prostaglandin lead oxide synthase 2 (PTGS2),pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and hormone receptor genes follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR),luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) and estrogen receptors (E₂R).Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to test the content of E₂ and P₄.The results showed that HAS2,PTX3,FSHR,E₂R and LHR mRNA relative expression of 200 ng/mL GDF9 group was extremely significantly higher than the control group and other GDF9 groups (P<0.01),PTGS2 mRNA relative expression was extremely significantly higher than the control group and 50,400 ng/mL GDF9 groups (P<0.01),and significantly higher than 100 ng/mL GDF9 group (P<0.05).When added 400 ng/mL GDF9,the relative mRNA expression of all the mentioned-above genes were all extremely significantly lower than that of the 200 ng/mL GDF9 group.Moreover,the E₂ secretion level was extremely significantly higher than that of the control group and 50 ng/mL GDF9 group (P<0.01),significantly higher than that of the 100 ng/mL GDF9 group(P<0.05),while had no significant difference from the 200 ng/mL GDF9 group (P>0.05).When added 100,200 and 400 ng/mL GDF9,the concentration of P₄ was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference from the 50 ng/mL group (P>0.05),and there was no significant difference between 100,200 and 400 ng/mL GDF9 groups (P>0.05).To sum up,GDF9 could promote the expansion of sheep cumulus cells and participated in the regulation of hormone secretion of sheep cumulus cells.